Abstract
This paper explains how Nietzsche's concept of "Eternal Recurrence" have resulted in misunderstandings and controversy. A key, controlling idea that will help provide an understanding of this important notion is the recognition of Nietzsche's distancing of himself from Enlightenment views. With this in mind, this paper reviews some commentaries. It is then possible to provide coherent criticism of the literal, physical interpretation. This paper favors looking at "Eternal Recurrence" as a psychological construct, providing an ethical imperative.

From the Paper
"Friedrich Nietzsche's concept of the Eternal Recurrence has been the cause of much commentary and controversy in interpretation. There is a way to bring coherence to this notion one that was so pivotal for him. But to come to such a proper understanding, this paper will need to review how Nietzsche was no friend of the Enlightenment. By acknowledging how the ideal of progress and the favoring of reason were anathema to him, it is possible to see the Eternal Return, not as a literal, physical cosmology, but as a psychological construct."

Tags:enlightenment, eternal, nietzsche, recurrence, return

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that life is for the living, and remaining depressed about the death of a friend for a long period of time is likely not what the friend who passed away would have wanted. The writer maintains that the friend would have wanted the still-living friend to enjoy the life that he or she was given, and not waste it by being sad and angry over things which were beyond his or her control. Knowing this in one's head, however, and understanding it with one's heart are not the same. Further the writer points out that teenagers who grieve for their lost friends know that they must resume their lives and move on, but they often have trouble figuring out how best to do this. This is where grief counseling comes in and why it is so important. To illustrate this point, the shootings that took place at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado in 1999 are used as an example of teenage grief and how counseling is utilized.

Outline:
Introduction
Grief and Acceptance
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Those who come forward as grief counselors also help to calm the parents and the students and reassure them that something like that will not happen at their school. Everyone responds to sudden death differently and it is important to understand how teenagers deal with this and how grief counseling can help them to get on with their lives and be happy once again. Many years ago a British psychiatrist by the name of John Bowlby created the attachment theory. Much of the current thinking that deals with how someone mourns a loss rests on the basic foundations that Bowlby created. He talked of the very powerful bonds that were between human beings and when these bonds are jeopardized through illness or injury when they are destroyed through death the individual who is still living experiences a very disruptive period."
These particular bonds are often developed very early in life and endure for very long time. They are formed due to basic human needs for security and for safety and usually they are only directed toward a few specific individuals. In the early years this is usually directed only towards the family that as children mature it is often also directed outward toward friends in a slightly larger circle."

Tags:grief, mourning, victims, counselors

Abstract
The paper relates that the notion that a natural psychological response to loss involves an orderly progression through distinct stages of bereavement has been widely accepted by clinicians and the general public (Maciejewski, Zhang, Block, & Prigerson, 2007, p. 716). The paper provides a discussion of three stage theories about the grief process: the Bowlby and Parkes Four Stage Theory, the Kubler-Ross Five Stages of Grief theory, and the Granger E. Westberg Ten Stage Theory. In addition to exploring these theories, an evaluation is provided in terms of the usefulness of these theories and the problems associated with their use in counseling.

From the Paper
"During the past 30 years several theorists have developed stage theories about the grief process. As a result, the notion that a natural psychological response to loss involves an orderly progression through distinct stages of bereavement has been widely accepted by clinicians and the general public (Maciejewski, Zhang, Block, & Prigerson, 2007, p. 716). The following study provides a discussion of three stage theories about the grief process: the Bowlby and Parkes Four Stage Theory, the Kubler-Ross Five Stages of Grief theory, and the Granger E. Westberg Ten..."

Tags:grief, stage theories, bowlby parkes

Abstract
This paper summarizes the 1998 book "The Grief Recovery Handbook" by John W. James and Russell Friedman. The paper examines the book's premise that with the right information and correct choices, a person can recover from significant and traumatic emotional loss. The paper then details the process of grief recovery.

Tags:grief, recovery, loss

Abstract
The writer of this paper contends and proves the manner in which grief can and does destroy the life of Hamlet. This paper delves into Hamlet's, depression, self-doubt, insanity and thoughts of suicide which is brought on by his father's death. This paper cites relevant sections of the play which specifically point to Hamlet's self inflicted grief.

From the Paper
"The next phase of grief leads to self-doubt, which is emphasized by the appearance of the ghost. At first, Hamlet tires to deny the ghost and what it means, calling it a "goblin damned". Almost immediately after that, he calls the ghost, "King, father, Royal Dane". Here we see the beginning of Hamlet's wavering and doubt. Even though he does not know what or who the ghost is, he demands that it answer him so that he might "not burst in ignorance". When Hamlet cannot kill Claudius, he experiences even more self doubt, saying that he is a "dull and muddy-mettled rascal . . . unpregnant of my cause,/And I can say nothing". These scenes allow us to see how Hamlet's grief is beginning to effect his reasoning. Grief also leads Hamlet to thoughts of suicide. One of his most famous soliloquies contemplates "To be, or not to be."

Tags:english, analysis, play, emotional, grief, review, literature

Abstract
This paper answers five questions in response to the Eternal Egypt Internet project, touching on mobile access, the Internet, local tourism, and user preferences such as bookmarks.

From the Paper
"Keeping a database of personal preferences such as bookmarks and favorite sites is critical to making the Eternal Egypt project both popular and a reality. Without these features, the site's popularity would wane because the vast number of exhibits in the site would make it difficult for people to return to their favorite places and the site would then become too large and cumbersome to be meaningful. The site could not even become a reality without a defined structure and..."

Tags:Eternal Egypt, Internet, mobile access, local tourism, preferences

Abstract
This essay is about the poem "In Memoriam" by Alfred Tennyson. It explores the themes Grief, Reflection and Doubt as soon by the writer. It makes continual references to the poem and discusses the various techniques the poet uses in the process. It concludes that the poem is not a memorial to the poets friend, Arthur Henry Hallam but rather a mirror for readers to look at their own notions of life.

From the Paper
"Alfred Tennyson's In Memoriam is a vast poem of one-hundred-and-thirty-one sections of different lengths that include a prologue and epilogue. In Memoriam is inspired by the grief Tennyson felt at the death of his friend, Arthur Henry Hallam. The poem portrays several intellectual issues of the Victorian Age such as the meaning of life and death and becoming resigned or accustomed to the sense of loss. The verses, in general, show the development of the poet's acceptance and understanding of his friend's death. This paper will explore three notions that can be found in the poem which are grief, reflection and doubt."

Tags:Grief, Reflection, Doubt, Alfred Tennyson, In Memoriam, Arthur Henry Hallam, Victorian Literature

Abstract
A paper on the cultural perspectives related to grief.

Tags:grief, and, culture

Abstract
The paper relates that Biblical interpretation is ongoing and changes with different theological approaches, affecting the way the Bible is read and incorporated into society and the view taken of biblical stories and meanings. The paper discusses how such shifts in interpretation can include the Bible as a whole or only one portion of its text. The paper also explains that Biblical misreading in particular can have a cultural effect by shaping the way a culture relates to the Bible and to theology in a historical context.

From the Paper
"Biblical interpretation is ongoing and changes with different theological approaches, affecting the way the Bible is read and incorporated into society and the view taken of biblical stories and meanings. Such shifts in interpretation can include the Bible as a whole or only one portion of its text. Biblical misreading in particular can have a cultural effect by shaping the way a culture relates to the Bible and to theology in a historical context. Lewis Ayres and Stephen E. Fowl note the prevalent idea that the Bible is infallible and that it should be interpreted so as to be in keeping with the text, though in fact the text is re-interpreted all the time and may..."

Tags:biblical, interpretation, leviticus

Abstract
This paper explains that, after she struggled with the loss of her young daughter and her husband, Ann Rice created the character Azriel in her novel "Servant of the Bones", which focuses on destiny, life after death and life as a Jew in ancient times. Whereas, after the death of his mother and wife, Edgar Allan Poe, in his story "The Raven" describes the untimely death of a beautiful woman and the pain that must be endured with such a loss. The paper concludes that the pain and suffering experienced by these writers influenced them to raise many questions regarding the existence of an afterlife, of consciousness beyond death and of the continuation of earthly torment.

From the Paper
"Azriel is a spirit seeking out the writer so he can get him to write his life tale. When the spirit finds Jonathon sick, he nurses him back to health. When Jonathan recovers, Azriel starts to tell his story. Azriel goes back in time to ancient Babylon and speaks of himself and his community. He can see and speak with the god, Marduk, since he was chosen as his personal god when Azriel was a child. Marduk is the main god of Babylon and it is believed that he built the city. Azriel becomes the city's new representation of Marduk."

Tags:biblical grief melancholy eternal, human pain