Abstract This paper explains that, after she struggled with the loss of her young daughter and her husband, Ann Rice created the character Azriel in her novel "Servant of the Bones", which focuses on destiny, life after death and life as a Jew in ancient times. Whereas, after the death of his mother and wife, Edgar Allan Poe, in his story "The Raven" describes the untimely death of a beautiful woman and the pain that must be endured with such a loss. The paper concludes that the pain and suffering experienced by these writers influenced them to raise many questions regarding the existence of an afterlife, of consciousness beyond death and of the continuation of earthly torment.
From the Paper "Azriel is a spirit seeking out the writer so he can get him to write his life tale. When the spirit finds Jonathon sick, he nurses him back to health. When Jonathan recovers, Azriel starts to tell his story. Azriel goes back in time to ancient Babylon and speaks of himself and his community. He can see and speak with the god, Marduk, since he was chosen as his personal god when Azriel was a child. Marduk is the main god of Babylon and it is believed that he built the city. Azriel becomes the city's new representation of Marduk."
Abstract This paper discusses in detail and compares theories of Saint Augustine, Plato and Aristotle as related to the concepts of time and eternity. The author believes that the concepts of time and eternity are important philosophical considerations that relate largely to how our universe works and how it was created. The author states that Saint Augustine considered time and eternity from the standpoint of the Christian religion, but Plato and Aristotle looked at the ideas on a non religious level.
From the Paper "In The Confessions, Saint Augustine offers a history of his own spiritual journey. The entire work, comprised of thirteen books, is told in diary form, with Augustine describing his actions, his thoughts and especially his comments on God, faith and Christianity. The diary is also addressed to God, with Augustine asking God the questions he is seeking answers to. The first ten books tell his life story from his childhood, his teenage years and his eventual conversion to Christianity in his thirties. The final three books consider the teachings of God. The eleventh book is the one where Augustine considers time and eternity, discussing each in detail."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that life is for the living, and remaining depressed about the death of a friend for a long period of time is likely not what the friend who passed away would have wanted. The writer maintains that the friend would have wanted the still-living friend to enjoy the life that he or she was given, and not waste it by being sad and angry over things which were beyond his or her control. Knowing this in one's head, however, and understanding it with one's heart are not the same. Further the writer points out that teenagers who grieve for their lost friends know that they must resume their lives and move on, but they often have trouble figuring out how best to do this. This is where grief counseling comes in and why it is so important. To illustrate this point, the shootings that took place at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado in 1999 are used as an example of teenage grief and how counseling is utilized.
Outline:
Introduction
Grief and Acceptance
Conclusion
From the Paper "Those who come forward as grief counselors also help to calm the parents and the students and reassure them that something like that will not happen at their school. Everyone responds to sudden death differently and it is important to understand how teenagers deal with this and how grief counseling can help them to get on with their lives and be happy once again. Many years ago a British psychiatrist by the name of John Bowlby created the attachment theory. Much of the current thinking that deals with how someone mourns a loss rests on the basic foundations that Bowlby created. He talked of the very powerful bonds that were between human beings and when these bonds are jeopardized through illness or injury when they are destroyed through death the individual who is still living experiences a very disruptive period."
These particular bonds are often developed very early in life and endure for very long time. They are formed due to basic human needs for security and for safety and usually they are only directed toward a few specific individuals. In the early years this is usually directed only towards the family that as children mature it is often also directed outward toward friends in a slightly larger circle."
Abstract This paper explains how Nietzsche's concept of "Eternal Recurrence" have resulted in misunderstandings and controversy. A key, controlling idea that will help provide an understanding of this important notion is the recognition of Nietzsche's distancing of himself from Enlightenment views. With this in mind, this paper reviews some commentaries. It is then possible to provide coherent criticism of the literal, physical interpretation. This paper favors looking at "Eternal Recurrence" as a psychological construct, providing an ethical imperative.
From the Paper "Friedrich Nietzsche's concept of the Eternal Recurrence has been the cause of much commentary and controversy in interpretation. There is a way to bring coherence to this notion one that was so pivotal for him. But to come to such a proper understanding, this paper will need to review how Nietzsche was no friend of the Enlightenment. By acknowledging how the ideal of progress and the favoring of reason were anathema to him, it is possible to see the Eternal Return, not as a literal, physical cosmology, but as a psychological construct."
Abstract The writer of this paper contends and proves the manner in which grief can and does destroy the life of Hamlet. This paper delves into Hamlet's, depression, self-doubt, insanity and thoughts of suicide which is brought on by his father's death. This paper cites relevant sections of the play which specifically point to Hamlet's self inflicted grief.
From the Paper "The next phase of grief leads to self-doubt, which is emphasized by the appearance of the ghost. At first, Hamlet tires to deny the ghost and what it means, calling it a "goblin damned". Almost immediately after that, he calls the ghost, "King, father, Royal Dane". Here we see the beginning of Hamlet's wavering and doubt. Even though he does not know what or who the ghost is, he demands that it answer him so that he might "not burst in ignorance". When Hamlet cannot kill Claudius, he experiences even more self doubt, saying that he is a "dull and muddy-mettled rascal . . . unpregnant of my cause,/And I can say nothing". These scenes allow us to see how Hamlet's grief is beginning to effect his reasoning. Grief also leads Hamlet to thoughts of suicide. One of his most famous soliloquies contemplates "To be, or not to be."
Tags: english, analysis, play, emotional, grief, review, literature
Abstract This paper summarizes the 1998 book "The Grief Recovery Handbook" by John W. James and Russell Friedman. The paper examines the book's premise that with the right information and correct choices, a person can recover from significant and traumatic emotional loss. The paper then details the process of grief recovery.
Abstract The paper discusses how the nurse's ability to provide effective and appropriate support to family members in their grief is greatly dependent on the nurse's understanding of the processes of grief and bereavement. The paper defines grief, the tasks of grief and the social and cultural considerations inherent in grief. The paper points out that bereavement practices vary greatly depending on one's cultural background. The paper concludes that allowing for cultural and family traditions is the key in assisting the family members to effectively cope with grief following the death of a loved one. The paper also notes that the nurse should pay close attention to the family members to identify whether their grieving is normal or if the grieving has taken a unhealthy or self-destructive course.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Grief Defined
Types of Grief Identified
Social and Cultural Considerations of Grief Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "The experience of grief is one that is shared across all cultures and as well grief is universal among human beings in all age groups and in all cultures and is "an adaptational response to different kinds of acute life crises..." (Cowles and Rodgers, 1991a; 1991b; Curry and Stone, 1992; Jacob, 1993; as cited by Kaunonen, 2000) In the experiential theory of grief, six dimensions of grief have been defined. (Hogan et al, 1996; Hogan, 1988, 1999b) The nurse's ability to provide effective and appropriate support to family members in their grief is greatly dependent upon the understanding the nurse possesses of the process of grief and bereavement."
This paper analyzes the concept of grief and its importance to the nursing profession with emphasis on the most common associations with the concept: The loss of a loved one, a close friend or a family member.
2,250 words (approx. 9 pages), 16 sources, 2002, $ 69.95
Abstract The paper discusses that while it is true that grief is a universal experience, the problem is that modern society has largely separated the concept of grief from the everyday experience of life. The paper points out that profound loss also has profound and varied effects upon the bereaved individual. The author, after reviewing many definitions and case studies, establishes a definition for grief: Grief is an emotion experienced during the event of bereavement; mourning is the action through which grief is expressed.
Table of Contents
Aims
Grief: Definitions and Attributes
Case Studies
Model Case: My Brother
Borderline Case: Deciding to Die
Related Case: The Decision to Change
Contrary Case: The Decision to Maintain the Status Quo
Conclusions from Case Studies
Grief: A Definition
From the Paper "The aim of this concept analysis is therefore to understand grief from a number of viewpoints. This will be done by means of an analysis of grief through the stages of the process a bereaved person is expected to go through. These stages include physical and psychological processes. This is followed by a consideration of the social and religious support a bereaved person needs to work through the grieving process in a healthy way. Furthermore, case studies will be considered in terms of the established theories. Finally, conclusions are drawn in terms of the nursing profession and caring for a person going through the process of bereavement."
Abstract This paper explains that grief counseling in schools has grown as a discipline in response to teen suicides, natural disasters, bombings, and shootings. The author points out that trauma experts handle the immediate aftershocks of disaster, and, once they leave, grief counselors take over to provide longer-term help for those who have suffered a loss. This paper concludes that, with school suicides and other traumatic events on the increase, school officials have to be aware of these possibilities and try to provide for them in their planning.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Teenage Suicide
Grief Counseling
Approaches to Grief Conclusion
From the Paper "While bereavement is the state of having lost a significant other to death, grief is the personal response to the loss and mourning is the public expression of that loss. Bereavement is an intensely demanding, multidimensional adaptive process and so should be seen as both an opportunity for significant personal growth and a vector of disease when its mental and physical health consequences are considered. Some one third of all bereaved people incur problems for which professional assistance is indicated, and among the problems encountered are increased use of tobacco, alcohol, sedatives, and anxiolytics by the bereaved. Depression syndromes are seen in nearly one half of all grieving people, while 10 percent suffer major depression. Also possible is health deterioration lasting 13 months or longer, including increased physical symptoms and illness, severe depressive mood, and increased health services utilization and hospitalization; this is seen in 15 to 25 percent of the widowed."
Abstract This paper examines the way teenagers deal with the death of a friend and how it differs from the way adults might grieve and talks about the issues that must be dealt with when trying to resolve a loss and dealing with grief. The paper stresses the importance of grief counseling and how those teenagers that do receive counseling after the death of a friend generally come out of their grief better adjusted and capable of handling the world than those who have locked their grief up inside and simply keep it private.
From the Paper "When a friend dies, teenagers handle that grief differently than adults would, but they still grieve very deeply. Much of their pain and grief comes from the fact that most teenagers lose friends to sudden death, such as traffic accidents, than to anticipated death, such as might come from cancer or other progressive illnesses. Whatever the cause of death, however, grief counseling is vitally important for these young people so that they can adjust to the death and become accepting of it. This is the only way that they will move on with their lives and learn to enjoy things once again. This is not the same as asking them to forget their friend or the pain that they feel at their friend's passing, but is rather asking them to learn ways to cope with the pain, so that it is not always present and life can move on."
Abstract This paper focuses on the issue of grief as a concept that is significant to the practice of nursing. It explores the intricacies of grief in order to understand the scope of its impact to the field of nursing and health care in general. The paper provides model, contrary, related and borderline cases that relate to grief. It then looks at the social context of grief and then provides an operational definition of the context.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Assumptions
Literature Review
Defining Attributes
Model, Contrary, Related and Borderline Cases
Social Contexts and Values
Theoretical Definition
Operational Definition of the Concept
Empirical Referents
Measurement Tool
Application to Nursing Practice
Application to Nursing Research
From the Paper "The concept of grief can be applied to nursing practice through an understanding of the individual patient and the time that is taken to comprehend all of the factors that impact the patient's life. The issue of quality care should be considered in relation to the concept of grief because the patient that is undergoing the grief process may not be forthcoming with the information, nor be aware that the physical symptoms that are evident are associated with physical illness. Therefore, the nurse that is capable of taking the necessary time to discover information about the patient in terms of current life situations, events that have impacted his or her living and emotional barriers to good health that may exist, will uncover the potential for grief to be a factor in the health concerns of the patient. When this occurs that patient can then be assisted in a manner that is positive and that will lead to successful outcomes for the individual."
Abstract This paper addresses the phenomenon of the increased necessity of grief counselors in modern society. It explains that with the reality of large-scale disasters ever present, methods have been developed for large-scale grief counseling to help the survivors cope with what has happened and to help them recover as much as possible. This paper looks at the process a grief counselor goes through with a family member and how this process needs to be adjusted according to the different tragedies which occur.
From the Paper "Grief counseling methods have been developed in a clinical setting from experience with family members of those who die after long-term care. Bereavement is defined as the state of having experienced the death of a significant other, and nurses have learned that the stress of prolonged bereavement has persistent and cumulative negative effects on the psychosocial functioning of family members, even when coping abilities emerge early in the process (Warren, 1997, 42). Different programs have been developed to enable health care professionals to deal with these issues. The Allegheny General Hospital Trauma Bereavement Program suggests the importance of specialized follow-up care for surviving family members and loved ones during the year after a death. It is noted that sudden, traumatic death leaves the survivors in shocked disbelief and intense emotional pain, but that appropriate support and intervention can make a significant contribution to a family's eventual recovery by assisting in the normal grieving process and thus avoiding prolonged, pathologic grieving (Buchanan, Geubtner, & Snyder, 1996, 35)."
Tags: recovery, death, mourning, tragedy, survivor, family
Abstract This paper discusses how families facing the death of a loved one should work through the pain of grief, and examines in detail the various stages of the grief and mourning process. Professional advice concerning grieving is cited from appropriate sources.
