Abstract This paper describes the great benefits of the bi-lingual nature of the population of the United States today. The paper illustrates how historically American was a great immigrant melting pot with many languages from the colonial population's mother country. The author states that the United States is still the same immigrant nation, and that this quality of diversity and multi-cultural and multi-lingual society can only strengthen America. The paper states that the cultural paranoia of English as the only official language weakens the nation as a whole.
From the Paper "Just as languages, other than English have at all times been a part of our history and culture, debate over founding a national language dates back to the country's initial stages. John Adams proposed to the Continental Congress in 1780 that an official academy be shaped to "purify, develop, and dictate usage of," English. His suggestion was discarded as unjust and a danger to personal freedom. However, limiting language laws have been passed from time to time since the late 19th century, generally in an answer to new waves of immigration. These laws, in tradition if not in purpose, have punished immigrants for their foreignness and violated their rights."
This paper discusses the advantages of learning English as the global languages to be used by all the world; however, this presents a danger to the native culture.
Abstract This paper argues that English is the most likely of all languages to create a useful global lingua franca (language of trade); therefore, teaching English globally is only logical. The author contends that, because of the strong link between language and culture, the globalization of the English language threatens other languages and cultures with extinction; therefore the method of teaching English as a second or foreign language is important. The paper relates that young students, who are most at risk of becoming indoctrinated into speaking English as their dominant language rather than their native language, should be taught in a bi-lingual program which stresses the values of the native language and culture, while teaching English as a useful second global lingua franca.
Table of Contents
Language Dominance and English-as-a-Second Language Education
The Relationship between Culture and Language
Can Teaching EFL be a Threat to Local Ways of Life and Languages?
The Importance and Advantages of Learning to Use English
Balancing between Globalism and Local Culture
From the Paper "There are several ways in which English is taught as a second language in other countries. Many nations include English education in primary schools. This is common not only in countries where English is a primary official or natural language, but also in countries that merely wish their educated youth to be able to communicate in English. Most European countries teach English as a second language to their young. Most people who learn English in school will not be likely to need EFL instruction later in life. Another form of English education involves teaching by non-native English teachers who instruct academically, much as one would learn a foreign language in America. These classes may be instructed both in English and the student''s native language and tend to focus more on aspects like appropriate grammar and spelling than on mere usage. EFL instruction, on the other hand, tends to be taught by native English speakers entirely in English."
Tags: native, bi-lingual, indians, adults, children
Abstract Discusses BI as a rapidly growing market. Examines the effect of global competition and 24/7 operations via technology on the tools used by BI, the evolution from spreadsheets and contracts to business intelligence portals, Internet tools, and IBM as a leader in the BI market.
From the Paper BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE The business environment is increasingly competitive, global and deregulated. Because of this business must be aggressive when trying to find ways to differentiate themselves and gain competitive advantage. One of the most critical...
Tags:bi, business, intelli, business:, general, business:, general, computer, science
Abstract This paper describes the symptoms of bipolar disorder and explains why it has often been difficult to diagnose in children. The paper describes the most common and easily identifiable symptoms exhibited by children with bi-polar disorder and discusses the type of treatment that is now available to children suffering from the disorder. Additionally, the paper looks at findings from recent research on bi-polar disorder, looks at how parents and families of children with bi-polar disorder are affected and explains why there is reason for optimism regarding future treatment options.
From the Paper "Twenty years ago depression in children was not considered an issue or a possiblity. Psychiatrists believed children did not possess the necessary depth of cognitive and emotional development in order to suffer from depression. (Dowling, 1981, 128) With the advancements in modern medicine and the study of psychology and psychiatry over the last decade as well as lifestyle choices available, life for bipolar children can be much different than that of their counterparts in the past. Although diagnosis continues to be an area of frustration both for the parent and the psychiatrist, the knowledge that children can have bipolar disorder has made diagnosis more acceptable, recognition of the disease more likely, and treatment more successful.|"
Abstract This paper discusses how important the proper diagnosis of a patient's mood disorder is for finding the proper treatment. Disorders covered include: major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, cyclothymic, bi-polar I, and bi-polar II. The author shows how the disorders are broken down into domains and indicates the symptoms for each and how they should be treated.
From the Paper "Bi-polar disorder affects approximately 2.3 million American adults or about 1.2 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older (Reiger, 1993). Men and women are equally likely to develop bi-polar disorder. The average age of onset for bi-polar disorders is in the early twenties (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Bi-polar disorders include cyclothymic, bi-polar I, and bi-polar II. Distinction of the actual disorder can sometimes become difficult, therefore, it is crucial to look at all the symptoms the patient is experiencing."
Abstract This paper explains that only through interaction and collaboration among students, teachers, parents and community members will bi-cultural and bilingual students develop an identity and realize their true potential; therefore, schools that neglect to infuse curricula and educational environment with interactive and collaborative policies fail students and society. The author points out that the current number of bilingual programs available in the United Students serve a very small percentage of the actual number of bilingual students in need and these programs. The paper stresses that teachers must understand that a culturally diverse student base means that not all students have the same reference point when learning in the classroom because what is intuitive to one student may seem foreign to another depending on their cultural heritage.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Understanding Bilingual Education and ESL
Cognitive and Linguistic Development in Bi-cultural Students
Structuring Bilingual and ESL Classrooms to Enable Student Achievement
Cultural Conflict Students Face in Schools
Analysis
Conclusions
From the Paper "The manner in which adults and children interact are also different among various cultures. In most traditional U.S. classrooms for example, most teachers repeatedly ask questions of students to evaluate their achievement. This process may confuse bicultural students who grow up in a culture where adults only ask children questions when they don't know an answer themselves; students in this situation may not understand why a teacher would ask a question if they already had the answer causing a disruption in learning.Text organization also varies among cultures."
Abstract This paper examines the extant medical and psychological research on bi-polar disorder in children. The writer explains that once called manic depression, bi-polar disorder in adults presents a readily recognizable set of symptoms that clinicians use to make an informed judgment about the patient's course of treatment. The writer points out that no clear-cut set of differentials yet exists for children, in part because of the medical community's foot-dragging, in part because childhood symptoms often overlap with those of other disorders, making a definitive diagnosis more difficult.
Abstract This paper discusses Takeshi Kitano's film, "Hana-Bi", which won the coveted Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival. The paper specifically discusses Kitano's emphasis of the disparity of creation and destruction, of joy and sorrow. It discusses the plot of the film and looks at the contrasts that are presented within the storyline and the making of the film.
From the Paper "The breaks of sudden violence serve to minimize the graphic depiction of violence through the use of quick montage and jump cuts. This narrative discontinuity stemming from the rapidly jumped cuts, in which diegetic time is deconstructed, creates a sense of ambiguity and has a destabilizing effect both on the film, and the viewer. Hana-Bi does not simply produce the violence for detached observation, but rather shows a portion, or idea of the action, and requires active participation on the part of the viewer to reconstruct the scene, and such action is needed throughout much of the film. Such an example is seen in the very first scene, in which Nishi is shown laying out two yakuza at his car, but leaves the audience with no answers to why, or how. This stylistic decision places trust and responsibility in the audience, rather than simply laying out a graphic fight for their inspection. Also in the film, often instead of closing in and focusing tightly on the violence, the camera retreats to an isolated position. In this way, the camera remains detached outside and above the car when Nishi executes several head yakuza, and the viewer is not immersed in such a violent scene."
Abstract This paper examines the programs developed by three different states ? Florida, Texas and California ? to help educate students with limited English proficiency, looking at both the technical aspects of each program and the larger educational philosophy espoused by each bilingual program.
From the Paper "The challenge of bilingual education ? which can also be phrased as the challenge of educating students with limited English proficiency ? is a complex one, for it is not a matter simply of teaching grammar and syntax, not simply a question of instilling an appreciation for nuance and vocabulary choice. For in almost every case, the students who are the subject of bilingual education come from less educationally privileged students. Those students who are not proficient in English are often poor and often immigrants and therefore in need of a variety of services, training, and education. They often have to learn about American culture and American legal and governmental systems as well as learning the English language. Making the challenge of bilingual education even greater, those who have grown up in poverty either in a country other than the United States or in the U.S. itself are often poorly educated in their own language. Some may not be literate in any language. In other words, they lack nearly all of the advantages of the middle-class, white, native speaker of English (Tabors 21-28)."
Abstract This paper is a report on second language acquisition. It briefly describes how to learn about other cultures, provides information on specific cultures and how to update the teachers and mentors on bilingual teaching in a multicultural setting.
This paper discusses a section of the 4th chapter of Libby G. Cohen and Lauren Spencier's text "Assessment of Children With Special Needs": 'Reliability and Validity-- Responding to Diversity: Fairness in Assessment'.
Abstract This paper explains that, when discussing the statistical reliability and validity of tests that attempt to identify students with special needs, Libby G. Cohen and Lauren Spencier believe that it is critical that the tests also take into accounts students' diverse cultural as well as academic idiosyncrasies and needs. The author points out that the textbook reminds the reader that merely adhering to the concepts of standard error of measurement and confidence intervals in creating such a 'reliable' norm does not automatically make a test a fair assessment in cultural terms. The paper stresses that the initial labeling of the student must not be a marker of the student's deficiency in a permanent fashion.
From the Paper "The question of the usefulness of assessment tests, as well as test scoring procedures is called into question by the evident racial and differences of many test components, however unintentional these potential sources of cultural bias may be. For example, a test that requires students to make use of vocabulary words only pertinent to certain areas of the country, whether rural or urban (a city child may have never seen a cow, or know that a cow and a bull are the same animal) might result in poorer assessment of that child than is warranted."
Abstract This paper examines efforts by school districts to provide multi-lingual education, as required by the federal government. The paper focuses on special education services for migrant children and highlights shortcomings in the delivery of these services. The paper discusses identification of needy students and the process of inducting a student into the special education system. The paper concludes with recommendations for legislative and administrative change to dramatically improve the delivery of multi-lingual education. Thesis Statement A Brief Background and History Barriers in the System Identification of Students Conclusions and the Welfare Issue
From the Paper "Bilingual Education and the word Bilingual itself are nothing more than "political buzzwords," designed to ease expensive and expansive legislation through the Congress. The actual study of the factors in this field of Education, particularly of early childhood periods, is the term Multi-lingual due to the many variants involved in the processes of teaching not only this group but their families as well. For example, in Texas where the problems are being addressed most aggressively these educators are dealing with a variety of Spanish languages speaking individuals. This becomes a multi-lingual problem therefore because of the paradigms of dialectics, syntax, sentence structures, and many other factors. These problems likewise are not in any manner limited to Texas, as almost every State in the country must deal with it on some level. Texas, and their recent Educational Reforms just happens to be the model producing system for others too effectively follow. Moreover, Spanish and all its variants is not the only language Educators are forced to deal with."
Abstract Bipolar affects approximately 2 million adults. The highs and lows are often difficult for family members and friends. The treatment for bipolar is a combination of medication and psychotherapy.
Abstract This paper explains that factor analysis analyzes the patterns of relationship among several variables, with the aim of finding something about the character of the independent variables, which influence them, even though those independent variables, called factors, were not assessed directly. The paper explains that the results gotten by factor analysis are essentially more theoretical and provisional than is true when independent variables are spotted directly. The author stresses that, in order for the factor to be analyzed, the data must be bi-linear; this implies that the row entities and the column entities must be independent of each other.
From the Paper "Factor analysis can handle over hundred variables at a time; recompense for random and meaningless mistakes, and unravel difficult interrelationships into their major and distinct reliabilities. But, factor analysis has disadvantages. It is mathematically problematic and requires varied and various relevant factors. Its technical terms include strange words like 'eigenvalues, rotate, simple structure, orthogonal, loadings, and communality'. Its product usually takes up a dozen or so pages in a given report, giving little space for a procedural foreword or clarification of terms."
Abstract This paper uses Merton's Strain Theory to help explain the homosexual perception of the sub-culture of bisexuals. The author explores theories of deviance and Merton's belief that deviance is related to social structure.
From the Paper "Woody Allen once quipped that being bisexual doubles your chances for a date on Saturday night. Within the homosexual and heterosexual categories of sexuality exists another subgroup of sexuality bisexuality. Bi-sexuals enjoy sex with both partners."
