Abstract
This paper explains that factor analysis analyzes the patterns of relationship among several variables, with the aim of finding something about the character of the independent variables, which influence them, even though those independent variables, called factors, were not assessed directly. The paper explains that the results gotten by factor analysis are essentially more theoretical and provisional than is true when independent variables are spotted directly. The author stresses that, in order for the factor to be analyzed, the data must be bi-linear; this implies that the row entities and the column entities must be independent of each other.

From the Paper
"Factor analysis can handle over hundred variables at a time; recompense for random and meaningless mistakes, and unravel difficult interrelationships into their major and distinct reliabilities. But, factor analysis has disadvantages. It is mathematically problematic and requires varied and various relevant factors. Its technical terms include strange words like 'eigenvalues, rotate, simple structure, orthogonal, loadings, and communality'. Its product usually takes up a dozen or so pages in a given report, giving little space for a procedural foreword or clarification of terms."

Tags:independent, provisional, bi-linear, data-reduction, structure-detection

Abstract
The paper explains that a linear transformation (also called a linear map or a linear operator) is defined as a function between two vector spaces, one that preserves the operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication. The paper discusses how linear transformations are often used to simplify problems and relates that the term "linear" refers to the form of the equations involved.

From the Paper
"A linear transformation (also called a linear map or a linear operator) is defined as a function between two vector spaces, one that preserves the operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication. Linear transformations are often used to simplify problems, such as finding the natural axes for conic sections, using Ax^2 + 2Hxy + Cy^2 = K. The term "linear" refers to the form of the equations involved--in two dimensions, + = . Geometrically, this represents a line, but if the variables are replaced by vectors, functions, or derivatives, the equation then becomes a linear transformation. When using a system of equations of this sort, one is using a system of linear transformations."

Tags:linear, algebra, geometry

Abstract
The paper is an in depth explanatory narrative on the subject of linear transformation. After an analytical definition of the term, the paper gives examples of the many applications of linear transformation and explains that linear transformation is a method of altering geometric figures into another form. The paper also explains the basic requirements for this and quotes examples. The paper also provides descriptive explanations of linear transformation (also referred to as the algebra of matrices )and interprets how the process occurs. The paper further relates an extensive explanation on conic sections and how they are determined. Throughout the paper the various terms are fully explained together with examples and methods of application.

From the Paper
"For then transformation (of the plane), let S be the set of points in the plane. A transformation of the plane is then a one-to-one mapping from S to S. The most important transformations of the plane are the linear transformations, meaning those that can be represented by linear equations. For a linear transformation T, there are constants a, b, c, d, h and k such that T maps the point P with coordinates (x, y) to the point P' with coordinates (x', y') where h = k = 0. The origin O is a fixed point, since T maps O to itself, at which point the transformation can be written x' = Ax. Such transformations include rotations about O, reflections in lines through O, and dilatations from O. Translations are examples of linear transformations in which O is not a fixed point."

Tags:linear, transformation, scalar, vector, conic

Abstract
This paper considers the background and applicability of linear programming in business. The paper describes the concept and process of linear programming, and examines the critical role played by linear programming in decision-making.

From the Paper
"Many decisions in business can be described as minimizing or maximizing linear elements within a constrained environment. For example, companies seek to maximize their profits while minimizing their costs within certain parameters. The course of action that results from this decision-making is often called a program, hence the term linear programming to refer to the process itself. The concept of linear programming evolved quite separately from computer programs but the advent of computers into everyday business environments has greatly enhanced the ability of decision makers..."

Tags:linear programming, management science

Abstract
This paper describes the symptoms of bipolar disorder and explains why it has often been difficult to diagnose in children. The paper describes the most common and easily identifiable symptoms exhibited by children with bi-polar disorder and discusses the type of treatment that is now available to children suffering from the disorder. Additionally, the paper looks at findings from recent research on bi-polar disorder, looks at how parents and families of children with bi-polar disorder are affected and explains why there is reason for optimism regarding future treatment options.

From the Paper
"Twenty years ago depression in children was not considered an issue or a possiblity. Psychiatrists believed children did not possess the necessary depth of cognitive and emotional development in order to suffer from depression. (Dowling, 1981, 128) With the advancements in modern medicine and the study of psychology and psychiatry over the last decade as well as lifestyle choices available, life for bipolar children can be much different than that of their counterparts in the past. Although diagnosis continues to be an area of frustration both for the parent and the psychiatrist, the knowledge that children can have bipolar disorder has made diagnosis more acceptable, recognition of the disease more likely, and treatment more successful.|"

Tags:polarized, mania, manic-depression, mood, disorder, behavior, frenzied, activity

Abstract
This paper explains that only through interaction and collaboration among students, teachers, parents and community members will bi-cultural and bilingual students develop an identity and realize their true potential; therefore, schools that neglect to infuse curricula and educational environment with interactive and collaborative policies fail students and society. The author points out that the current number of bilingual programs available in the United Students serve a very small percentage of the actual number of bilingual students in need and these programs. The paper stresses that teachers must understand that a culturally diverse student base means that not all students have the same reference point when learning in the classroom because what is intuitive to one student may seem foreign to another depending on their cultural heritage.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Understanding Bilingual Education and ESL
Cognitive and Linguistic Development in Bi-cultural Students
Structuring Bilingual and ESL Classrooms to Enable Student Achievement
Cultural Conflict Students Face in Schools
Analysis
Conclusions

From the Paper
"The manner in which adults and children interact are also different among various cultures. In most traditional U.S. classrooms for example, most teachers repeatedly ask questions of students to evaluate their achievement. This process may confuse bicultural students who grow up in a culture where adults only ask children questions when they don't know an answer themselves; students in this situation may not understand why a teacher would ask a question if they already had the answer causing a disruption in learning.Text organization also varies among cultures."

Tags:interactive, collaborative, heritage, identify, biases

Abstract
This paper examines the extant medical and psychological research on bi-polar disorder in children. The writer explains that once called manic depression, bi-polar disorder in adults presents a readily recognizable set of symptoms that clinicians use to make an informed judgment about the patient's course of treatment. The writer points out that no clear-cut set of differentials yet exists for children, in part because of the medical community's foot-dragging, in part because childhood symptoms often overlap with those of other disorders, making a definitive diagnosis more difficult.

Tags:bipolar, disorder, diagnosis

Abstract
The literature review shows that gay, lesbian, bi and transgendered (GBLT) have many issues and problems to face and one of the most difficult periods is when the GLBT adolescent comes out and they share their sexual identity with others. The paper discusses how gay, lesbian, bisexual, and trans teenagers face the issues of identity development, disclosure to family, communication problems with family, physical and mental health problems, substance abuse, and peer pressure.

From the Paper
"What are the issues and problems that gay, lesbian, bi and transgendered (GBLT) adolescents face when coming out? The coming out stage of teenagers who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender is one of the most difficult stages that they face. The "coming-out" can be defined as the disclosure of one's sexual identity. "For lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) young people, the act of disclosing their LGB identity to others represents a major psychological decision" (Heatherman and Lavner, 2008, p. 329). The hypothesis is that GLBT adolescents often fail to disclose their sexual identity because they fear the consequences of this..."

Tags:adolescents, homosexual, issues

Abstract
This paper describes the great benefits of the bi-lingual nature of the population of the United States today. The paper illustrates how historically American was a great immigrant melting pot with many languages from the colonial population's mother country. The author states that the United States is still the same immigrant nation, and that this quality of diversity and multi-cultural and multi-lingual society can only strengthen America. The paper states that the cultural paranoia of English as the only official language weakens the nation as a whole.

From the Paper
"Just as languages, other than English have at all times been a part of our history and culture, debate over founding a national language dates back to the country's initial stages. John Adams proposed to the Continental Congress in 1780 that an official academy be shaped to "purify, develop, and dictate usage of," English. His suggestion was discarded as unjust and a danger to personal freedom. However, limiting language laws have been passed from time to time since the late 19th century, generally in an answer to new waves of immigration. These laws, in tradition if not in purpose, have punished immigrants for their foreignness and violated their rights."

Tags:language, muli-cultural, john, adams, contential, congress, 1780, english, mother, country, tongue, nation, personal, freedom, immigration, rights

Abstract
This paper discusses Takeshi Kitano's film, "Hana-Bi", which won the coveted Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival. The paper specifically discusses Kitano's emphasis of the disparity of creation and destruction, of joy and sorrow. It discusses the plot of the film and looks at the contrasts that are presented within the storyline and the making of the film.

From the Paper
"The breaks of sudden violence serve to minimize the graphic depiction of violence through the use of quick montage and jump cuts. This narrative discontinuity stemming from the rapidly jumped cuts, in which diegetic time is deconstructed, creates a sense of ambiguity and has a destabilizing effect both on the film, and the viewer. Hana-Bi does not simply produce the violence for detached observation, but rather shows a portion, or idea of the action, and requires active participation on the part of the viewer to reconstruct the scene, and such action is needed throughout much of the film. Such an example is seen in the very first scene, in which Nishi is shown laying out two yakuza at his car, but leaves the audience with no answers to why, or how. This stylistic decision places trust and responsibility in the audience, rather than simply laying out a graphic fight for their inspection. Also in the film, often instead of closing in and focusing tightly on the violence, the camera retreats to an isolated position. In this way, the camera remains detached outside and above the car when Nishi executes several head yakuza, and the viewer is not immersed in such a violent scene."

Tags:joy, sorrow, creation, destruction