Abstract
The paper discusses the pros and cons of sports gambling, the problems with the betting - such as players receiving gifts from betting agents and the demoralization of the players and the game. The paper also studies the effect of sports betting on the economy.

From the Paper
"Gambling and betting on sports can be traced back to the Greeks and Roman days, if not before. Risk is the essence of sports, and so is gambling. So it isn't surprising to find the two hand in hand. But there are loud cries from politicians to pass bills against sport betting. The motivation for the bill can be traced to the Conservative Right and you can trace their thinking all the way back to the colonial period and the Puritans who tried to forbid gambling in New England. "The arguments we're hearing in 2001 are exactly what moral leaders argued about in 1700" "

Tags:Charlie, Hustle", Pete, Rose, Black, Sox, Scandal, NCAA, athletes, lottery

Abstract
This paper discusses Brett Pulley's book, "The Billion Dollar BET," a rags-to-riches biographical story of Robert Louis Johnson. The paper takes the reader on a journey along with Robert Johnson from Mississippi and the little that he had to 'Black Entertainment Television' and the success that came about with it, along with the controversies that made Johnson a billionaire.

From the Paper
"Brett Pulley is a Senior Editor at Forbes magazine and has written the book titled The Billion Dollar BET: Robert Johnson and the Inside Story of Black Entertainment Television. The Billion Dollar BET is an unauthorized biography of the founder of Black Entertainment Television, Robert Louis Johnson. The author traces the blazing path of Robert Johnson through social and economic barriers with his charm and intelligence to firmly ensconce himself into the politics of Washington and the media business. This rag to riches story should have been inspiring, but then the author has painted the methods employed by Robert Johnson as anything but noble. The sale of Black Entertainment Television to Viacom in 1999 made Robert Johnson a billionaire and many consider him the first black billionaire. (Editorial Review: The Billion Dollar BET: Robert Johnson and the Inside Story of Black Entertainment Television)"

Tags:black, entertainment, television, johnson

Abstract
A specific answer to a scenario set by a teacher regarding online commerce and how it works. This paper provides a scenario of on-line commerce where someone bets on a horse race on-line. The paper explains how the law could work to accept this postal bet as a real bet. Included are a number of scenarios to show how the bet would have to take place in order to meet the time and legal constraints.

From the Paper
"When looking at the legalities of the Boniface betting scenario, it is important to define what is understood by the technical terms involved. It is a complicated process going through servers and ISP's, one that can be defined by breaking the links down and analyzing where the individual links are. When using computers connected to ISP's and using betting webpages and their related servers, definitions must be made as to the process of the transaction."

Tags:acceptance, commerce, law, postal, rule, tab

Abstract
The paper discusses how Wall Street has always fostered a culture of daring based on betting that the financial markets would move in one direction or another. The paper shows how often this daring has translated into market manipulation in order to be certain one's bets would pay off. However, the paper relates that Wall Street of the past half decade has morphed into an even greater culture of risk where the positions that traders on the street hold are often more varied and diverse than they would ever have been in the past.

From the Paper
"Wall Street has always fostered a culture of daring based on betting that the financial markets would move in one direction or another. Often this daring has translated into market manipulation in order to be certain one's bets would pay off. However, the Wall Street of the past half decade has morphed into an even greater culture of risk where the positions that traders on the street hold are often more varied and diverse than they would ever have been in the past. Much of the reason for this new culture of risk are owed to the interest rates that have been lower than ever before over a longer period of time..."

Tags:wall, street, culture

Abstract
This paper describes the Societe Du Generale scandal where an employee, Jerome Kerviel, made unauthorized bets on European futures markets that cost the bank 7 billion dollars and put the future of the bank into severe doubt. The paper highlights the lack of internal organizational and institutional control over Kerviel that allowed his suspicious activities to go unnoticed. The paper contends that a more rigorous security process needs to be undertaken within the corporate ranks of banks, in addition to greater encryptions of employee information at the international levels.

From the Paper
"The results of the improper activity were announced on January 24th, when Society Generale said that it had lost 4.82 billion Euros, or $7 billion dollars, due to the unauthorized activity of one Jerome Kerviel, a 31-year-old futures trader. The bank alleges that the losses are a result of Kerviel's overstepping his authority in betting $50 billion Euros, or $73 billion dollars, on future in European equity markets. This means he leveraged more than a hundred percent of the corporate value of the bank itself. At the same time, he apparently did not profit personally from the trades, as the exact nature of his actions are still being investigated and determined. Suffice to say, the activity in question put the future of the bank into severe doubt, with rumors circulating that as a result the company will be bought out or broken up. The charges against Kerviel are forgery, breach of trust and unauthorized computer activity."

Tags:trader, security, fraud, monitoring

Abstract
This paper looks at the idea of the Anthrax immunisation problem and the philosophies of Kant and Mills along with a Utilitarian approach as to whether it is bets to inoculate or not. The paper discusses Kant along side Mills and concludes that in personal views Mills would be the best approach to take.

Abstract
This paper examines how a junior employee at French banking giant, Societe Generale, cost the company $7.2 billion or nearly 5 billion euros by making disastrous bets on European stock prices through a series of unauthorized and wildly outsized transactions. The paper also discusses how the disclosure of this fraud delivered a new blow to a European banking industry already reeling from losses on American sub-prime mortgage securities.

From the Paper
"The Societe Generale itself announced that the disclosure of this fraud delivered a new blow to a European banking industry already reeling from losses on American sub-prime mortgage securities -- including a $3-billion write-down (Hiltzik & Baum, 2008). Olivier de la Ferriere, a financial analyst at Richelieu Finance in Paris, remarked, "With everybody already quite scared about financial stocks, this creates even more of a threat to this sector (Hiltzik & Baum, 2008)." In the bank's haste to shut out Kerviel's illicit investments, there is a possibility that the bank may have intensified the European stock drop. Societe Generale ended up unwinding all the illicit investments and thus putting immense pressure on the futures market, and undoubtedly contributing to the decline in world stock markets. "

Tags:Jerome, Kerviel, fraud, banking

Abstract
This paper explains that gambling has always been part of the United States; even in the original colonies, lotteries were used to raise money, so that playing lotteries even became a civic responsibility. The author points out nine ways to manage money while gambling in a casino, such as using a progressive method of betting by setting a predetermined percentage increase for each winning bet and sticking stick to that. The paper relates that, in the past, casinos gave away rooms and served foods to attract new guests, especially the high rollers; today, non-gaming areas, including rooms, food, shows, retail space, and other aspects or features of their property, are increasingly a focus of potential profit opportunities.

From the Paper
"Casino businesses know that they must put their guests first, otherwise, these businesses are behind and fumbling. They need not only to catch up with the trend but to make giant leaps in order to remain in competition. The lesson to learn is that the casino is in business for the loyalty of each guest; therefore, that guest is at the center of it. If the guest can be made to feel like a royalty, he or she will remember it when he or she leaves, and then come back.

Tags:lotteries, profit, betting, percentage, experience

Abstract
In this article, the writer reviews and evaluates current rules and policies relating to sports betting. The writer also looks at the reality of the activity and suggests the establishment of a mechanism that addresses it in a realistic way that allows people to enjoy sports gaming, yet sets reasonable, enforceable limits on the activity and controls on the industry in the U.S. The writer discusses that this program would also allocate funds raised from sports gaming appropriately to causes and initiatives that benefit organized sports and athletes, while codifying rules to curb some of the problems and excesses associated with sports gambling today. The writer then provides a look at some of the scandals that have rocked professional and collegiate sports and explains how detrimental they have been. The writer concludes that a legitimate structure for sports gaming would eliminate the stigma, eliminate the potential for graft and corruption, and largely eliminate the disruption caused to games and the sports industry of gaming by eliminating the influence of organized crime and impact on the careers and lives of athletes.


Outline:
Abstract
Part I
Introduction to Part I
Purpose
Justification
Constraints
Glossary
Summary of Part I
Part II
Introduction to Part II
Literature Review
Sports Gambling - A History and Overview
Sports Gambling by Athletes, Owners and other Insiders - Sports Scandals
Methodology
Regulating and Monitoring Sports Gaming
Summary of Part II
Part III
Introduction to Part III
Conclusion
Recommendations
References

From the Paper
"There is no question that gambling on sporting events has negatively impacted the integrity of organized sports in America. The sports pages are replete with stories of athletes, coaches and team owners compromising their own integrity and that of their teams, leagues and industries by wagering on games. Sports gaming, as it exists today, calls into question the very role and nature of sports in this country and brings up issues about the involvement of organized crime, use of performance enhancing substances, and the use of intimidation, coercion, violence and other illicit factors in sports.
"Nevertheless, efforts to curb sports gambling in the US have not been effective, and attempts to ban the practice altogether are inevitably doomed to the same fate as prohibition."

Tags:athletes, crime, betting, control

Abstract
This paper explains that, through logical analysis based on a punishment-reward premise, Pascal shows that believing in God is preferable to not believing. The author points out that the argument is called a "wager" because Pascal phrases it as a sort of bet: The individual has a better chance of being rewarded through belief than through denial; therefore, Pascals' wager defends belief in God through reason and appeal to basic self-interest rather than through theological or mystical proofs. The paper states that, although Pascal's theory is compelling and cleverly worded, the wager has several rhetorical and logical flaws: For example, Pascal's vision is overtly monotheistic and his worldview is essentially dualistic; however, Pascal would not admit to the possibility of multiple Gods because the philosopher's stance was rooted in Christian apologetic literature.

From the Paper
"Ironically, to promote belief in a Christian God, Pascal avoids a direct discussion of Christian theology. Doing so strengthens the appearance of logic and underscores the statistical evidence that Pascal uses to promote theism. However, the absence of any real appeal to mysticism or to matters of the heart ends up weakening the wager. Pascal neglects what could be powerful appeals to emotion, which are essential to most compelling arguments. Also, although Pascal avoids a direct discussion of Christian theology, the philosopher cannot help but insert phrases like "eternal life and happiness," which are written to stimulate an emotional response in the reader. Betting on God brings "eternal life and happiness," according to Pascal, and therefore, no reasonable sane person would not believe in God."

Tags:punishment-reward, bet, self-interest, flaws, statistical