Abstract This paper deals with the legal, medical and ethical implications of the sale of human organs from live people and the selling of cadaveric organs. The paper explores the opinions of those both for and against legalizing organ selling, as well as describing the current situation, and concludes that organ selling should be legalized.
From the Paper "Recently the topic of organ selling has become a popular topic for debate among bioethicists. As thousands of human beings continue to suffer, many people are beginning to explore the option of human organ sales; however, while there are those who argue for such an option, they must first consider those who stand by the government and completely abhor the idea. The arguments against the sale of organs are driven by the following concerns: it could exploit poor people who are willing to donate their organs solely for payment, it might favor the wealthy, and it could motivate families to withdraw treatment. Many ethicists also believe organ selling demeans the human body. They feel that if you allow organ selling to take place, the Nation's faith in human pride will be shattered. Those opposed to organ selling raise the issue that although a Market Economy is relatively beneficial, unless it is monitored correctly, our human rights, such as social justice, bodily integrity and political freedoms will be stripped away. The greatest fear among those who strongly oppose the sale of organs is that people may murder each other in order to obtain money for their victim's death."
Abstract Intersis (HK) Limited, a local funded direct selling company in Hong Kong selling similar kinds of products as big players in the industry, will be at the edge of being eliminated if it is not able to counter such emerging critical competitive challenges. The strategies to help Intersis (HK) Limited survive are many and various, and they are addressed throughout the paper. In addition, organizational analysis and other company-related information is addressed in the literature review in order to show that there are many issues that Intersis must address. Furthermore, this study thus focuses on facing emerging threats, and what strategy locally-owned direct selling companies need to conduct to cope with them. This allows these companies to counter and overcome the challenges to continued operation in the industry, and hopefully also lead them into a new business era.
Outline:
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 What is Direct Selling?
1.2 Background of Direct Selling Industry in Hong Kong and China
1.2.1 Direct Selling Industry in Hong Kong
1.2.2 Direct Selling Industry in China
1.3 Statement of the Problem
1.4 Significance of the Problem
1.5 Hypothesis
1.6 Scope of the Study
1.7 Profile of Intersis International (Hong Kong) Limited
1.8 Aims of the Study
1.9 Objectives of the Study
Chapter 2
Literature Review
2.1 Michael Porter
2.2 Intersis and the Five Forces Model
2.2.1 Rivalry among Competing Firms
2.2.2 Potential Entry of New Competitors
2.2.3 Potential Development of Substitute Products
2.2.4 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
2.2.5 Bargaining Power of Consumers
2.3 SWOT Analysis
2.3.1 Strengths
2.3.2 Weaknesses
2.3.3 Opportunities
2.3.4 Threats
2.4 Business Ethics
Chapter 3
Research Methodology
Chapter 4
Findings and Analysis
Chapter 5
Conclusions and Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper "Multinational companies often come under scrutiny because they do not always use their power in the best possible way. They have a lot of clout in some of the countries they do business in, and this allows them to get privileges that they would not normally have in their home country. There are conflicting views about multinational companies. Some see them as a helping hand for rich nations to continue to enslave poor nations, but others see them as the last hope for world peace. Multinational corporations often have technology that is far greater than that of some of the countries that they sell to, and they are held in high regard. Often their products are bought, even though they are more expensive, because of the advertising campaigns they use in smaller, less developed nations.
"Multinational companies exist under diverse legal systems, and often what is allowable in one country is not allowable in another. If one country feels that a product is dangerous, but another country allows the product to be sold there, it is up to the company whether they are morally and ethically comfortable with selling a product they know can cause harm simply because there is no regulation against it."
Abstract This paper discusses the changing nature of the personal selling function, referring to the importance of organisations adopting a relational outlook rather than a traditional transactional marketing philosophy. It incorporates the contribution that personal selling makes in terms of achieving organisational objectives and the changing role of the salesperson. It also involves a brief discussion of the selling process and how knowledge of this can be utilised in order to influence the consumer decision-making process. It examines the main objectives that personal selling can achieve and the function of personal selling in terms of implementing marketing strategies.
From the Paper "The selling process has evolved in such a way that it has increased the importance of the sales team in the eyes of the buyer (Wotruba, 1980,). One of the biggest factors to have influenced the changing role of the salesperson is technological innovation (Anderson, 1996). Companies such as IBM have introduced electronic notebooks and electronic data interchange in order to improve communication between sales managers and the sales team. In order to define the changing nature of the personal selling function, it is necessary to distinguish the six phases of the selling process as described by Jobber and Lancaster (2000). The six phases are: the opening of the sale, need and problem identification, the presentation and demonstration, dealing with objections (although this can occur at various stages in the selling process), the negotiation, closing the sale and following up the sale. In relation to Noonan's (1998) statement, certain phases of this process will be of increased importance in terms of implementing marketing strategy and tactics at the customer interface."
Abstract This paper explains some of the key ways for companies to execute effectively consultative selling. The author points out that the first part of successful consultative selling is to understand that the goal is not to make sales but to make customers by identifying customer needs so that you can help them. The paper stresses that the sales person must co-manage the continuous relationship with the customer, and the entire organization must be willing to enter a collaborative relationship.
From the Paper "In this new time, the old vertically integrated enterprise model business has decomposed into two types of restyled organizations. One is the Tier 2 Business - the process-driven and product-based manufacturer that does not need a sales force because it does not "sell". Instead, its output is brought under strategic alliance by Tier 1 Businesses acting as multi-vendor distributors and systems integrators on behalf of their customer-clients. Tier 1 businesses are staffed with co managers who work in a long-term partnership with the customer's operating managers."
Abstract This is a paper about selling human organs, addressing the simple economics of buying and selling human organs. It deals with scarcity, supply demand and equilibrium pricing.
From the Paper "In order to discuss the mechanisms associated with the sale of human organs we must first suspend some of the ethical and moral issues that surround this idea. We already know that the need or in economic terms the demand for human organs suitable for transplant greatly exceeds the supply. It is also likely that a black market exists in the sale of human organs and that wealthy people are the primary beneficiaries. Organizations such as the United Network for Organ Sharing ..."
Tags:Selling organs, UNOS, selling human organs, transplantation, federal law, rules governing, ethical and moral issues
Abstract This essay will examine the poem "Selling Tattered Peonies" by Yu Xuan-ji. As will be seen, the poem does not appear different from poems written by men in terms of structure. However, the choice of language and images represent womanhood in traditional Chinese identification. Moreover, the social situation that the poem represents is particularly that of a woman. Thus, the poem "Selling Tattered Peonies" reflects a woman's point of view as defined by the society of Yu Xuan-ji's time. Unfortunately, it may also be said that it reflects a woman's point of view as defined by our modern society as well.
Abstract This paper studies the way to transform showroom visitors into customers when selling American used cars in Saudi Arabia. It reports that the methodology included personal in-depth interviews using two sets of survey questions created to compliment this study and secondary data from previous published articles. The paper relates that, while deeming potential used car buyers to be hesitant "one chance customers", when a seller gains insight into buyers' habits, he/she enhances the understanding of a customer which amplifies positive customer engagement, and in turn, increases the likelihood that a showroom visitor will become a satisfied customer. The paper includes questionnaires and color illustrations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
American Used Cars
Aims and Objectives
Background and Overview:
Literature Review
Finding and Filling Used Car Buyers' Needs
Domain of Customer Behavior
Customer Roles
1998-2007 Forecast U.S. Arab Market Losses (U.S. $Billion) by Export Category
Reasons to Buy a Used Car
More Competition for Sellers of American and Other Countries' Used Cars
Car Buyers and the Internet
Another Manufacturer's Promotion PESTLE
Selling American Used Cars in Saudi Arabia - PEST(LE) Analysis
SWOT
Methodology
Personal and Private, Yet, Public Sales' Persuasions
Questionnaire for Buyers
Interview Questions for Sellers
Customer Satisfaction Survey
Reflections and Limitations
Difficult, yet Simple Significant Details
Conclusion/Summery
Today and Tomorrow's Timeless Truths
Aims and Objectives
From the Paper "Customers invest effort and time when searching to select a used car dealer, just as sellers invest time to secure customers. "Word of mouth" communication, the report a customer verbalizes to his/her family and friends is one particularly, potent "tool" regularly used to gain new customers. A seller does not have to invest substantial funds, market his product, or invest special sales' resources, as the customer. The way a customer perceives the seller, however, determines whether "word of mouth" communication will prove to be positive of negative."
Abstract A study of Dell and its unusual and highly-profitable business strategy which strongly excludes middlemen. Selling direct to the buyer provides not only economic benefits inherent in maintaining virtually no inventory and lower distribution cost, but also allows them to interact directly with their customer. This paper discusses the history of Dell and how Michael Dell came to establish this very successful hardware company. It details several big deals that Dell has made with companies such as IBM and HP which will help them prosper in the future.
From the Paper "Dell Computer Company has a distinction that separates it from the rest of the companies such as Compaq, IBM, Hewlett-Packard and others in the computer hardware market. Dell does not use middlemen; their business strategy is to sell directly to the end user through a variety of interfaces. Selling direct to the buyer provides not only economic benefits inherent in maintaining virtually no inventory and lower distribution cost, but also allows them to interact directly with their customer. This puts them in the enviable position of being able to profitably extend and grow their business through relationships and contacts made from the first purchase. (Fortune Magazine, December 20, 1999.)"
Abstract The writer looks at overt and covert advertising in order to give the reader a solid understanding of the basic theories that are used to sell products. The writer talks about the different places that new forms of advertising have been tested and show how these are used successfully to entice people to buy a specific product. According to this paper, sex is used in almost every type of advertising and its effect on today's youth is immense. The use of sex in advertising is not new, but the overt nature of it is, something, that this writer feels has now take on a life of its own and is having a negative affect on many people's self-image. The role of sex in today's society and as a result its influence on today's younger generation, is the message that this writer is trying to communicate.
From the Paper "Advertisers will embed the word, ?sex,? in a magazine picture that is not perceived by the human eye or will superimpose pictures of sexual objects on objects like ice cubes and it is not noticed until this is pointed out to people, they will not perceive this either. (Key 9 ? 12)
Whether or not subliminal advertising works is still a matter of debate.
Should sex be used in advertising? No! CNBC had run an ad that showed scantily dressed women, an ad for a topless club."
Abstract Discusses startegies for selling the product ManageT to the American business person. Product is a multi-platform office management software that includes 200 different applications. Positioning element of the product. Targeting the customer. Creating a focused advertising message. How to handle an in-person sales pitch. Importance of good communication. Pricing. Negotiating.
From the Paper "Strategic Steps for Selling Software to Businesses
Introduction
Although often not considered as glamorous or exciting as individual consumer marketing, the potential rewards and the efficiencies of selling a product to a business can more than make up for the effort (McGrath, 1997). There are several reasons for this. The most important is that, if the customer is satisfied with the product, the delivery and the service, then a long-term supply relationship can be established.
The product chosen for selling to the American businessperson is Manage +, a multi-platform office management software that includes some 200 different applications, ranging from office organizers to spread sheet software and from minimal graphics programs to word-processing. "
Abstract The paper explains that both Weber and Biggart have discussed the commercial market by studying the roles, relationships, and structure of economic organizations. The paper points out that Direct Selling Organizations or DSO, as Biggart sees them, is an evolution of the entrepreneurial process, which combines the structural elements of the hierarchy with American ethics based on the need to incorporate social relationships within the context of the organization. The paper states that the method by which goals are accomplished differ from a bureaucratic organization in that independent distributors work under guidelines set up by a charismatic leader.
From the Paper "The DSO relies on the on independent distributors to recruit new distributors who then choose the degree of participation they wish to contribute. This incorporates a sense (what Biggart calls an "ideology") of entrepreneurship that promotes profit through personal investment in the mission of the organization. To use Weber's metaphor, members happily enter and exit a cage fortified by charisma. They do so by choice because it is profitable and, more so, because the organization reflects and promotes values in which they are invested. It's not an organization as much as it is a way of life. The rules, policies and standards of the bureaucracy are replaced by "individualism, meritocracy, patriotism, religion, (and) community" (p. 10)."
Abstract This paper examines the pros and cons of selling U.S. nuclear technology to other countries. The paper pays particular attention to the history and ramifications of the continued sale of nuclear technology.
From the Paper "For these companies, the reasons are economic. Domestic demand for nuclear technology has decreased drastically in the environmentally conscious 1990s. Many nuclear energy companies were thus forced to look elsewhere to market their technologies. An official at the ABB Combustion Engineering, for example, states that the survival of many such companies rely on their ability to open plants in China -- a move that could generate at least $40 billion for the beleaguered industries."
Abstract This paper provides an economic analysis for the Boston Beer Company, which intends to market and sell its Samuel Adam's beer products in Argentina. The intention is for the company to utilize this report to understand the economic situation of Argentina in order to apply the 4 P's of marketing.
Outline
Introduction
Population
Economic Statistics and Activity
International Concerns
Transportation
Media
Summary
From the Paper "Pricing will be dictated by tariffs, acceptance and marketing strategies. The aim of product pricing is to meet profitability objectives, to gain market share, and to make Samuel Adam's an acceptable alternative for current beers for the everyday life of all Argentinean citizens. ?Brands and products can offer new benefits and play new roles in peoples' lives if marketers know how to identify and track key values, understand their impact on consumption behavior, and apply them to new products and advertising.? (Durgee, O'Connor, and Veryzer) Placement however, will be a much targeted approach. Placement may affect pricing but the main objective will be to gain market share in the urban areas first and then advertise the success of the urban establishment to migrate into the suburban locals."
Abstract This paper is a qualitative research proposal to determine the most effective types of mass media to reach high net worth Hispanics in South Florida to sell wealth management products and services. The author describes qualitative research. The paper suggests the methodology to be used.
From the Paper "Determining which mass media are effective in reaching Hispanics in South Florida for selling wealth management products has practical implications for companies in the region marketing these products and services. A qualitative research project is proposed in which subjects are given the opportunity to discuss their wealth management product use how they chose a particular vendor and mass media that influenced that choice. The discussion will be guided but will not use ..."
Abstract This paper explains that, in addition to an acute incidence of AIDS, the local disease situation including bubonic plague, cholera, dengue fever, hepatitis A, malaria, meningitis, schistosomiasis and typhoid fever, presents an increased opportunity for selling medical supplies in Africa's Mozambique. The author points out that Mozambique's severe, generalized AIDS epidemic handicapped by a meager health infrastructure, pockets of population concentration and increased economic contact with adjacent nations with HIV prevalence rates. The paper relates that, although the National Health System (NHS), which is the primary service provider of allopathic service in Mozambique, faces extremely limited human and material resources, the NHS has managed to enhance the coverage of the health system since the last decade through an increase in the health facility infrastructure and health sector staff.
From the Paper "While entering Africa's anti-AIDS drug market the company has to be considered as the top performer in the Black Economic Empowerment -- BEEE in South Africa and its expansion into the remaining region of Africa is backed by the SA Health Minister Manto Tshabalala Msimang. The new sector of trade and investment into Africa will render a crucial boost to the SA Black business that believes it has a hard task breaking into the white business world. The health minister stated that the local production of the anti-retroviral HIV treatment drugs which is being backed by the World Health Program must be seen in the context of the "regional" meaning of the African continent."
