Abstract
The paper introduces Benjamin Banneker, an African American born in 1731, who made enormous contributions to the study of mathematics. The paper discusses his spheres of interest in the field, including clock building, astronomy, tide and weather. It discusses, too, his widely publicized almanac that served as a contradiction to the American belief that blacks were inferior, and his contribution to the building of the city of Washington D.C.

From the Paper
"In addition to creating America's first clock, his studies in astronomy made a mathematical calculations of the stars and constellations, which he used to correctly predict a solar eclipse that took place on April 14, 1789. Furthermore, Banneker was not quiet about this contradiction. Infact, he was a social critic of slavery. Thus, it was this reason and an attempt to promote change; he sent a copy of his first Almanac to Thomas Jefferson."

Tags:slave, Sable, Genius, Josef, Levi, Jefferson, L'Enfant

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts Karl Marx and Jessica Benjamin on the issue of power. The paper explains that Benjamin appropriated Marx's view of power to some degree but also points out how Marx's and Benjamin's opinions of power also differed.

From the Paper
"Karl Marx differentiated essential power from political power, arguing that man inherently possesses essential powers that are his to use while also being subjected to the influences of political powers employed by elites within society. This view of the human condition, which was to a degree appropriated by Jessica Benjamin, suggests that there are elements or forces within any given society which seek to delimit the capacity of an individual or a group or even a gender to exercise power."

Tags:philosphy, power, Karl Marx, Jessica Benjamin

Abstract
This paper looks at the effect that the printing press had in the spread of art and culture through the eyes of Walter Benjamin in Samuel Weber's essay, "Art, Aura and the Work of Walter Benjamin." Whereas Benjamin felt that mass reproduction was bad for the art world, he argues that the invention of the printing press allowed books to be read all over the world thereby changing the uniqueness of each painting. This paper also takes a look at the Mona Lisa, and explains that the ability to reproduce it is a positive thing, that, even though it's "aura," is no longer unique, many more people are now able to experience art.

From the Paper
"With the invention of the printing press, however, books could be manufactured quickly and cheaply, and were available to great number of people. Two people living hundreds of miles apart could read the same book and find the same words, the same illustrations on the same page. However, the printing press also took something away from books the originality and artistry that the monks had poured into each unique volume. Walter Benjamin would say that the aura of the monks volumes was withering away, while the aura of the mass reproduced books was flourishing."

Tags:aesthetics, aura, benjamin, walter, art, mona, lisa, printing, books, original, people, distribution

Abstract
This paper explores the ideas, principles and values embodied in Benjamin Franklin's life and works. Franklin's writings, such as
the "Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin" and "Poor Richard's Almanac" contain time-tested success formulas that helped Franklin shape his success and also inspired an entire genre of books. The author explores how many of the ideas presented in Franklin's writings influenced today's self-help books. The paper cites Steve Covey and Blaine McCormick as two self-help writers influenced by Franklin.

From the Paper
"Benjamin Franklin is rightly called the first success guru of America. His ideas, principles and values embodied in his life and works are evident of the fact that this man possessed a great entrepreneurial spirit and never-say-die attitude which turned him and millions of others who followed his advice into millionaires. However do not equate success with money alone. Franklin was not only a wealthy person; he was also a completely successful statesman, a shrewd politician and a disciplined person as well. The self-help books that teach us about time management and success today have largely been inspired by Franklin's ideals. As Anker (1999) observes: "

Tags:Benjamin, Franklin, self-help, Steven, Covey, Blaine, McCormick

Abstract
Benjamin Franklin is considered by many to be one of the greatest Americans to ever live and is also held as an important pillar of America's national heritage. Some may also argue that he exemplifies the American dream and all that is truly American. The paper shows that as the son of a candle maker and with only a minimal amount of formal education, Benjamin Franklin was influenced by his modest background and used his dedication and determination to master many disciplines in his quest for success. The paper examines how throughout his life, Benjamin Franklin took on the roles of statesman, philanthropist, inventor, revolutionary, publisher and philosopher. In regards to his personal and political ideologies and achievements, Benjamin Franklin epitomized the Ideal American.

From the Paper
"Although Benjamin Franklin was a man of many interests and talents, he is most certainly best known for being an exceptional statesman. In the English and French wars, he sided with the British and tried to encourage peace with the Native Americans and the French. Franklin also fought for Native American rights. He returned to London for a while and used his networking there to stress the importance of America as a colony. However, he became disillusioned with the British and their self-importance, and decided to refer to himself as an American rather than an English American. This was the starting point for Franklin's fight for independence."

Tags:Pennsylvania, Gazette, Way, to, Wealth, Declaration, of, Independence

Abstract
This paper discusses the background and works of painter, Benjamin West. It begins by describing his rise to the level of an internationally recognized painter and then discusses in detail, some of his works. The paper describes West's techniques in "The Death of General Wolfe" and "Death on the Pale Horse." It ends with the writer's personal reflections on West's artwork and the meaning they convey.

Table of Contents:
I. Benjamin West
Portrait of Benjamin West
II. The Death of General Wolfe
A Touch of Bright
III. Death on a Pale Horse
IV. Who Immortalized Whom?
Personal Reflections
V. Present Treasures

From the Paper
"The Death of General Wolfe, an oil painted on canvas in 1770 by West, depicts James Wolfe's final moments during the 1759 Battle of Quebec, of the Neoclassical era. General Wolfe is reported to be portrayed West as a Christ-like figure in a triangular composition. ("The Death of General Wolfe") Benjamin West's prominence increased with his painting, The Death of General Wolfe, which portrayed the last moments of Wolfe, an English hero, on September 13, 1759. This visual symbol of the conquest of Canada during the triumph over the French at Quebec won West a massive amount of fame. In fact, James Northcote (1746-1831), who did not admire West, reportedly noted that anytime anyone spent five minutes with West, they would hear about his Wolfe."
"As West did not adhere to stringent prescriptions in color choices, some observers are taken aback that "The Death of General Wolfe" includes bright colors. The vivid hues' deep character, nevertheless, reconcile with this painting's tragic theme, while the "painterly sky" echoes the turbulence and tragedy occurring on the battlefield. Religious connections are embellished as the flag, with the arms of the men on the left stretched out, making a cross, reflecting "La Pieta,' a painting presenting the Christ being struck down. ("The Death of General Wolfe")"

Tags:hue, contemporary, portraiture

Abstract
In this report the author centers on the positive aspects of Benjamin Franklin's autobiography. He describes how Franklin overcame early challenges, such as poor math and grammar and how he presented the idea that a combination of constitution and through the sheer force of will, any disability or disadvantage can be overcome. The author describes that for Benjamin Franklin there was but one definition of success, that, of course, was his definition. He highlights that perhaps more important than this single-mindedness is the idea that with enough work, enough study and enough sacrifice anybody can reach his ideal of what it is to be a successful American. The author concludes that Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the neoclassical age of reason and his thoughts were both liberating and prohibitory.

From the Paper
"First, a man whose works he read and respected was a vegetarian. Obviously, if so am great a person is a vegetarian, than there must be something about being a vegetarian that was good, and Franklin decided he wanted to be great like Toyon. A simple case of "monkey see_monkey do." The second reason he did it appears to be to save money. This was a good way for the curious, young Franklin to get more money to buy books. Thirdly, it seems like an attempt to improve his constitutions. He clearly implies in the last sentence that sacrificing meat, or anything else, makes for a better person. He believed that giving up meat made him smarter. An added bonus was that the time not spent eating with his family, or going out, gave him more time to study his math and his grammar."

Tags:logi, rights, human, nature, society, virtuous, united, states

Abstract
This paper discusses the history of Walter Benjamin. The paper describes Benjamin as one of the most creative of modern Marxist theorists who is also renowned for his philosophical and sociological insights. It describes his work as being influential in various disciplines and more recently being the subject of debate in the postmodern and post - structuralist theoretical arena. Specifically, the paper discusses Benjamin's references to the Messiah in his works.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Historical Significance Of Messianic Thought
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In his work On the Concept of History, he states that "The tradition of the oppressed teaches us that the "emergency situation in which we live is the rule." (Benjamin, 1940) This statement clearly articulates a view which sees history, the "emergency situation", as the norm of all historic struggles against oppression. It is the rule or the norm and this implies that, from the point of view of material progress, there is no utopia at the end of the struggle but rather more of the same."

Tags:theorist, religion, philosophy

Abstract
This paper explains that Benjamin Franklin's autobiography "The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin" relates his entrepreneurial spirit that turned him into a shrewd businessman, a great inventor and innovator, a community leader and later a very well-known and well-respected politician. The author points out that this book indicates that the business environment was changing and industrialization was gaining hold because, as Franklin reported, while the older generation was skeptical and cautious, the younger generation was full of optimism, courage and believed in possibilities. The paper suggests that an important lesson from Franklin's book is that a person may gain success and still be rude and arrogant, but a man who is remembered for ages is someone who remained humble when he was going up.

From the Paper
"The key to success may not be one and the same for everyone but it appears that hard work and believing in one's decision play critical role in shaping the lives and careers of successful people. Benjamin Franklin knew he loved printing and that this was the business to be in. He also had the inclination to start this business in Philadelphia so while some people tried to discourage him, he stuck with his beliefs and worked tirelessly to make himself a success in this business. As we later see that not only he became an immensely successful printer and publisher, he also turned into a competent politician. This wouldn't have been possible if he never believed in himself or if he listened to the negative opinion of other people. "

Tags:entrepreneur, inventor, politician, childhood, humble

Abstract
This paper examines how Edmund S. Morgan fulfills his purpose of presenting a positive picture of Benjamin Franklin with this autobiography and how, in about 330 pages, the author offers a wealth of material related to Franklin's life, exposing his inner longings and his personal ambitions in a way that many historians cannot, due to their unwillingness to take a personal stance on any historical figure. It analyzes how Morgan obviously admires Benjamin Franklin and hopes to enrich the public's understanding of his life and his accomplishments and how, in doing so, Morgan offers the layperson a scholarly, well-researched, and reputable biography that is, nevertheless, approachable and easy to read.

From the Paper
"In fact, Morgan acknowledges the legendary status that Franklin has achieved. The author continually refers to his folk hero status and the urban legends that surround Benjamin Franklin. Regarding the kite-flying incidence, Morgan asserts that unlike George Washington cutting down the cherry tree, Benjamin Franklin really did fly the kite, (11). Morgan devotes a vast amount of his book to Franklin's scientific as well as his political and social achievements. Especially in the early chapters of the book, Morgan accounts Franklin's lifelong fascination with the natural world and the world of physics and electricity, for which he became famous. Franklin was a natural scientist, one who was fascinated with the natural world and who was also dedicated to documenting and understanding its workings."

Tags:declaration, independence, america