Abstract
This essay argues that global media leads to a homogenization of culture and that the process is a benign one. It shows that the global media only function in a free market, and further argues that the free market respects the multiplicity of cultures. In order to make this point, it considers the historical emergence of mass media from its beginnings in servicing the public sphere. Using Weber's analysis of post-industrial society, it shows how market-driven efficiency gave rise to the multinational corporation and a more benign global media in the interests of globalization. The writer shows that globalization is an integrative rather than a dictatorial process, and thereby refutes the arguments of cultural imperialism. Finally, the writer demonstrates how globalization works as a force of emancipation in the developing world, where otherwise local regimes contrive to stifle democracy and the public sphere.

From the Paper
"Globalization is also a process of homogenization of culture, and the global media become the principal means by which this culture finds realization. This point can be made by a critical analysis of the emergence of global media through history. Through the term homogenization it is implied that the resultant culture is both neutral and benign. The counter-argument is that globalization represents cultural imperialism, and in which American culture forces itself on the rest of the world. But it can easily be shown that the true agency of globalization is the free market. It is often argued that the US is responsible for foisting liberalization and free-marketism on other nations, but this is an unreasonable stance, especially so considering that those who make it are not opposed to the free market par se. A free market is by definition something that cannot be imposed. If native cultures tend towards homogenization through the free market it is only because these cultures have freely participated in it. This essay first considers Weber's analysis of post-industrial society, and how it imposes market-driven efficiency as the principal mode."

Tags:mass media, public sphere, democracy, rights, hybridization

Abstract
The rhetoric of wilderness is a site of conflict in modern Canada as the traditional concept of wilderness is challenged by the country's growing population and expansion of its urban areas. This essay examines this process in terms of contemporary critical revision of the concept of wilderness as a human construct and the consequent reappraisal of our understanding of the relationship between people and the wilderness.

Tags:canada, wild, nature

Abstract
This paper examines in detail the schwannoma, a benign tumor that grows from the fibrous coverings of a peripheral nerve. The author makes reference to Nager?s and Shapsay?s findings on the subject and discusses diagnosis and treatment, with reference to Morita, Sekhar, and Wright. The paper concludes with a number of case studies.

From the paper:

?Morita, Sekhar, and Wright also discuss statistics of surgery for schwannomas. Their statistics are based on the more common vestibular schwannomas. They state that morbidity associated with surgery has been decreasing and that the preservation of the functions of cranial nerves has been improving.?

Tags:neurinoma, neuroma, benign, tumor, peripheral, cancer, nerve, medicine

Abstract
This paper analyzes the motives and methods behind the class overtures in Latin America and how these methods have clashed with the pure-force tactics also employed by those in power. It discusses how paternalism has both hindered and facilitated force and violence in class struggle in Latin America. The writer also explores this topic through looking at missionaries, industry and politics in the region, using specific examples such as factories in Chile and Columbia, Peronism in Argentina and Isabellan legislation in the New World.

From the Paper
"The modern era has seen the rise of class conflict to the forefront of the political and economic arenas of the world. Nowhere is this more clearly seen than in the socially stratified sphere of Latin American history. From violent strikes to repressive politics, Latin America has seen class struggle pit the poor against the rich, labor against capital, peasants against landlords, the people against the government, and the masses against the elite. And yet, class conflict and the lines between the sides involved have never been so clear-cut in reality as in words. In many instances, the powers that be, the elites of politics and the factory owners of industry, have positioned themselves not as the enemies, but as the protectors, of the poor. From European missionary rhetoric to paternalistic factory politics to populist politics, those in power have forged as a much of a legacy in positioning themselves as a benign force in the lives of the lower class as they have in abusing and antagonizing those less fortunate. Incidences of paternalism, control by those in power to mold the lower classes into a way of living deemed or advertised as better than their current status, in Latin America are not only deviations from the them-vs.-us portrait of class struggle; paternalism complexifies and deepens the reality of class relations itself by at times intensifying the exploitation of elite goals, and at other times offering the lower classes genuine help from the above. Often, though, the effects of paternalism have been somewhere in between, both building bridges and burning them in the war between classes. In analyzing the motives behind paternalistic actions and rhetoric, whether they derive from need for control or power, or a genuine conception or misconception of how to improve the lives of the lower class, students of Latin American history can see that the reasons behind paternalistic efforts have been varied and unclear, while the effects of these efforts have touched all aspects of social, economic and political identity in Latin America. "

Tags:allende, argentina, chile, columbia, history, isabella, mexico, peron, politics, struggle

Abstract
The paper explores the issue of benign surveillance and the ethics of capturing customer data and analyzing it to find new strategies to get customers to buy more. The paper also discusses the unethical practice of reselling the information captured from Internet-based marketing campaigns. The paper shows how consumers have become increasingly concerned that their data will be sold without their knowledge, leading to identity theft and junk mail. The paper focuses on the 4th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and examines the strategies of consumers to protect their identities.

Outline:
Executive Summary
The Ethics of Analyzing Data Obtained Through Benign Surveillance
The Ethics of Creating Strategies Using Data Derived From Benign Surveillance
An Explicit Requirement for Transparency and Ethical Use of Data
Benign Surveillance and Consumers Rights: Interpretations of the 4th Amendment
Opt-Out Options Needed from Data Collected Through Benign Surveillance

From the Paper
"The ethical issues of whether benign surveillance is a commentary of a modern high-tech society or a precedent for ethical misconduct and harm to others is discussed in this paper. There are also the considerations of how data captured and stored in data warehouse is used by programmers and management analysts in the devising of selling and loyalty program strategies (Albrechtslund, 63). The ethical considerations of using data warehouses and data marts constructed from data accumulated through benign surveillance requires an entirely different set of standards, practices and processes (Danna & Gandy, p. 374, 5). The ethics of strategies based on data obtained through benign surveillance have conflicting assessments (Ess, p. 220, 221) that highlight the polarity of the use of online data and enterprise-class predictive analytics software applications to ascertain customer segments and understand their preferences."

Tags:benign, surveillance, Internet, identity, theft, 4th, Amendment

Abstract
The paper discusses racial prejudice and cultural prejudice and exposes the myth behind "benign" prejudice and racial pride. The paper then reveals that prejudice is often displaced aggression; aggression-prone individuals express their repressed rage in their treatment of other less powerful individuals. The paper looks at the history of prejudice in American society in contrast to American society today that has publicly embraced the concepts of tolerance and diversity. The paper points out, however, that it is difficult to conceive of the complete eradication of all forms of prejudice until the concept of benign prejudice is no longer considered more acceptable than overt prejudice.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Types of Prejudice
The Myth of "Benign" Prejudice
Aggression in Society
Aggression and Prejudice
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Prejudice is a predictable human tendency that exists in myriad forms in virtually all social cultures. Typically, prejudice derives from some of the same atavistic and xenophobic natural impulses that played some protective role in evolutionary times, much like aggressive impulses. In modern society, the aggressive impulses are largely kept in check by secular laws, but still find expression in various ways.
"To a large extent, overt prejudice and so-called "benign" prejudice derive from the exact same sentiments although that view may conflict with popular sentiment. In reality, the primary difference between overt and benign (or "passive") prejudice may relate to different levels of aggression more than any fundamental differences between them. In that regard, various behavioral clues having to do with aggression levels in the individual may correspond to a greater propensity toward one or the other even given the same underlying sentiments."

Tags:racism, racial, pride, discrimination, slavery, tolerance, diversity

Abstract
The paper looks at the history of corruption in American policing and then discusses the ethical issues that arise in modern policing. The paper explains how the vast majority of ethical issues involve comparatively benign forms of potential misconduct, such as the acceptance of gratuities of nominal value and the extension of professional courtesy to fellow law enforcement officers in traffic stop contacts. The paper then looks at the effects of police corruption on the community and asserts that it is minimal and inconsequential.

Outline:
Background and History of the Issues
Overt Corruption and Benign Ethical Issues in Law Enforcement
Community Effects

From the Paper
""In the earliest era of American policing, corruption was rampant and organized criminal organizations thrived through purchasing police protection, both from apprehension, and although to a lesser degree, even from competition from criminal competitors (Conlon, 2004). Even well into the 20th century, American police agencies varied considerably from jurisdiction to jurisdiction with many Southern municipal police departments complicit in perpetuating segregation and the persecution of black Americans even after the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
"In the decades that followed the landmark series of Fourth and Fifth amendment cases beginning with Miranda in 1964, departments across the nation adopted constitutional requirements in practice in varying degrees at very different speeds until it was firmly established in police procedure (Black, 1971; Hoover, 2005)."

Tags:gratuities, professional, courtesy, ethics

Abstract
This paper discusses the expansion of the American empire from its early days as a nation of farmers through being an imperial power with expanding territories to being the world's only superpower since the collapse of the Former Soviet Union. It evaluates whether it is a good thing for a state to be so powerful and looks at how long America can actually stay in this position in light of today's political world.

Outline
Introduction
Manifest Destiny
Land Acquisition through Conquest and Purchases
Implications of American Imperialism
America's History as an Imperialist Power
America as an Agricultural Country
The Need for Markets
Foreign Markets and American Imperialism
American Hegemony vs. other Imperial Powers
Comparison with the Soviet Union
Comparison with Britain
Negative Implications
America as the World's Only Superpower
America after the Collapse of the USSR
America as a Benign Hegemony
Collapse of Empire
Conclusion

From the Paper
"America began as a small cluster of colonies clinging to the eastern shore of the great continent of North America. As the country expanded westward, and also northward and southward, a spirit of "manifest destiny" gripped the land as pioneers, patriots and politicians sought to bring under American domination ever greater amounts of territory. Through land purchases such as the Louisiana Purchase, and through conquest, as in the case of the lands acquired as a result of the Mexican War and the Spanish American War, the country grew until it stretched from sea to sea, and from the Rio Grande River in the south, far north to the cold stretches of the Canadian wilderness."

Tags:colonies, farmers, agriculture, socialism, territories, iron, curtain, kremlin

Abstract
In this paper the author examines the US Federal Budget during the Clinton administration and how he reduced the deficit to a surplus amount in 1998. He moves on to discuss the changing American economy and provides examples of why he considers that there are times in a nation's life when deficits are necessary and even beneficial. The author suggests that use of debt spending during wars and times of recession help to boost the economy but can be detrimental to the Stock Market. He further examines levels of taxation and compares the effect that different administrations have had on the federal deficit.

From the paper:

"Determining the correct, or economically benign, level of deficit and debt is a subject for endless debate. Economies do not operate by a simple law of cause and effect, of plus and minus, of deficit and surplus. They are complex interweaving of many economic and psychological factors, both domestic and international. Although a huge deficit is never to be praised, there are times in a nation's life when deficits are necessary and even beneficial."

Tags:Clinton, Regan, Bush, Terrorism, War, Federal, Budget, Deficit, Tax, Stock, Market, America

Abstract
Although, certain apologists of colonialism have tried to depict colonial rule and influence as benign and even beneficial for the populations of "lesser" civilizations, the fact of the matter is that colonization of these countries was done for exploitative (economic), religious and strategic motives. This paper focuses on the problems that the two countries had to endure as a result of the colonial rule or influence, and the similarities and differences between their experiences. Issues such as the transfer of wealth, unfair trade, the opium wars and poverty are covered in the paper.

From the Paper
"Although poverty is still a shocking sight in India today, it was even worse during the colonial period. There were 31 serious famines during 120 years of direct British rule in India compared to 17 in the 2000 years before the British rule. (Mike Davis quoted in The Colonial Legacy). If you think this was due to rapid growth in population, you are wrong between 1870 and 1910, India's population grew by 19% while England and Wales's population grew by 58%. Most eyewitness accounts of India before the British colonization describe India as a rich country. ("From Trade to?"). The region is still struggling to climb out of crippling poverty after 200 years of colonial exploitation."

Tags:British, East, India, Trading, Company, Lord, Curzon, 2nd, Opium, War, Manchuria