Abstract
This paper evaluates the claim that Napoleonism (Napoleon's Reign) was in essence a benevolent dictatorship?

Tags:POLITICAL SCIENCE / STUDIES IN DEMOCRACY, LIBERALISM, napoleon reign benevolent

Abstract
This is a paper that reports on a particular theme in the Mencius, a classic Chinese philosophical text. It gives a very brief discussion of the author and his context and then proceeds to show specifically how Mencius and his co-authors use familiar (and familial) examples to illustrate the overarching principle of benevolence in government. This was meant to appeal to Chinese rulers and bureaucrats at the time, by using simple language and concrete examples as well as a simplified doctrine of governmental behavior that reduces to one principle of benevolent rule.

Abstract
This paper argues that the proposition set up by J.L. Mackie whereby he claims to prove that an all-mighty, all-good God and the existence of evil are logically contradictory is itself in error. The paper uses the concept of a "process-relational" God, first proposed by Alfred North Whitehead, to disprove Mackie's argument. The paper also shows that this does not damage God's omnipotence any more than neo-Thomist arguments do.

Tags:God, omnipotent, logic, evil, nature, Whitehead

From the Paper
"In spite of the process of emancipation and criticism against slavery, the South hung onto slavery even after the Revolutionary Period (Moore 140). At first, they defended the institution of slavery as a necessary evil. However, in time, the South, through the voice of the intellectuals, wove an impressive web of justifications. It not only defended the institution, but extolled it as an ideal system to be emulated by all societies. In their complete embrace of slavery, these intellectuals justified the institution on several levels: physiological, racial, social, religious, cultural and economic.

By pointing out the physiological and racial differences from the whites, the doctors and scientists of the South played a large part in undermining the humanity of the slaves. This "knowledge" set the stage for the justification of the ..."

Abstract
This paper reviews Paulo Coehlo's novel, "The Alchemist" and suggests that it is a story founded upon Christian (and Islamic) values prizing humanity, beneficence and charity. It specifically examines the benevolence and willingness to give that characterizes the people who assist Santiago (the protagonist) on his long journey of self-realization.

From the Paper
"At the same time, the "Old King," is quite interesting because of the biblical connotations and denotations his character offers. He is, first and foremost, an ancient biblical figure - his real name is Melchizedek, as he tells Santiago (Coehlo, 7) who once brought wine and food to Abraham after the latter had defeated his enemies. He is also viewed by scholars as the progenitor of all priesthood and as the King of Uprightness - or at least he is when he surfaces early in the Old Testament. Lastly, the Old King, Melchizedek, receives a tithe from Abraham even though the latter hardly knows him (Thomas, 403-404). Like Abraham in the Bible, Santiago gives the Old King something; in this case, his time rather than a portion of his riches. Beyond that, Melchizedek blesses Abraham (Thomas, 403) and it may be said that Melchizedek, by reminding Santiago of his duty to fulfill his Personal Legend, blesses him, as well. In the end, Coehlo has given a distinctly biblical connotation to the Quest motif at the heart of the story."

Tags:self-realization, giving, assistance

Abstract
This paper explains that Rensis Likert is famous for his innovative 1-5 Likert Scales, which measures attitudes, and the founding and directorship of the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research. The author describes the four main types of management styles in modern-day organizations as identified by Likert in his theory of management: exploitative, benevolent, consultative and participative. The paper relates that Likert's books on his theories of management, written in the 1960s and 1970s, became extremely popular in Japan, which impacted modern Japanese organizations and thereby American business management.

From the Paper
"Under the consultative system, the leaders did not have enough trust in their subordinates. The motivation was by rewards and most of the employees had some involvement. Those in the higher levels had responsibility to achieve organization goals. There was some communication with the leadership and among themselves as well as some amount of team work. And under the participative type, superiors had complete confidence in their subordinates. Likert considered this the best type. Motivation was by economic rewards, determined by set goals according to participation."

Tags:scale, exploitative, benevolent, consultative, participative

Abstract
This paper discusses the response to the request for ethics information in relation to advertising, and the following considerations that should be noted prior to the interview meeting that is scheduled for the president and CEO. The first point the paper discusses is how the virtue theory contends that each individual within society has a moral and ethical obligation to not harm others in the social order. Virtue by nature is part of the character of the individual and must guide the person to act in a benevolent manner toward others.This benevolence is based on the concepts of virtue, wisdom, courage, temperance and justice. The paper further discusses how within the theory of virtue there is the consideration that all adults within society are responsible for teaching ethics to young children so that they will inevitably act in a virtuous manner within the social order.

Tags:ethics, memo, morals

Abstract
This paper examines how social research is very dictated by political leadership, political parties and particular cult-of-personality politicians. It looks at how this concept took an evil approach in Nazi Germany, but a more benevolent approach in the post-war West. It evaluates how social research thrives on method, but relies on politics to take its cue and therefore topics such as cloning research are as relevant and as popular as a social science study not only because the pure science has advanced so much that such a feat is possible, but because the politicians in America and other more conservative countries have cried out long and hard against it.

From the Paper
"Eugenics, viewed today rightfully as a racist study of genetics, had surprisingly innocuous roots: It began in Stanford University, and one of its proponents was Alexander Graham Bell. From these surprising roots, eugenics became the driving force for Hitler to exterminate the Jews, whom he believed were genetically inferior and therefore pollutants to the Aryan race. Such spurious philosophies were not relegated only to the government offices to Hitler's cabinet meetings. Nor were they relegated only to the Army and to those who carried out Hitler's maniacal vision. No, the politics in Hitler's social theories affected social research in Germany to the extent that talented philosophers, scientists and sociologists were swayed to follow Hitler down his path of racism and violence."

Tags:genetics, cloning, hitler, science

Abstract
This essay puts forward arguments why the United States should attempt to develop positive relations with China. It discusses historical relations and those policies being adopted by the President Clinton as opposed to the isolationist Truman/Eisenhower/Bush, Jr. ideas. The paper discusses China's new growth and industrial potential as well as the effects political relations will have on trade. It also covers nuclear non-proliferation treaties and WTO membership implications.



From the paper:

"In the past, the U.S. has shared benevolent, if at times, uncertain, ties with China and Taiwan. Profitable trade with the Qing dynasty in the 1700's for opium, tea and coal let subsequent 19th century administrations to continue with Sino-engagement through an "Open Door Policy." U.S. forces even fought alongside the Republic of China (ROC) against Japanese forces during World War II. However, in five short decades, 200 years of close ties have unraveled due to ideological differences. The People's Republic of China (PRC) and the U.S. have pursued divergent roads to civil society. Communism and a command economy have monopolized China, while democracy and capitalism have absorbed America. The U.S. needs to form a constructive relationship with China for several reasons."

Tags:trade, non-proliferation, economics

Abstract
This paper is a critical and historiographical examination of the nature of warfare and the natures of the men who wage it. It analyzes the fundamental moral prohibitions against warfare and violence and the circumstances and situations in which the human responses of sympathy and morality can be broken down. It looks at how philosophers and scholars have long debated the fundamental tenets of human nature and how some, including Thomas Hobbes, argue that man is naturally barbaric and that social constraints are necessary to restrain these violent tendencies. Others, such as Immanuel Kant, contend that man is inherently benevolent and that the group dynamics of society should seek to harness these altruistic forces.

From the Paper
"However, certain factors can overwhelm and neutralize these moral responses, thereby effecting a fundamental transformation of the people involved in the acts of violence. War often results from the manifestation of the destructive, cruel, and violent tendencies that coexist within all humans along with the restraining forces of sympathy, compassion, and respect. Glover maintains that the moral resources typically restrain the savage impulses of humankind, but when these moral resources collapse in the midst of war, barbarism and cruelty rise to the foreground. In his descriptions of various instances of torture and cruelty in times of war, Glover makes a compelling case for the perverse appeal of such cruelty for many people, particularly emotionally stunted males seeking to buoy their self-confidence through the assertion of their power over weaker creatures."

Tags:nature, violence, nazis, stalin, conflict, society