Abstract This paper examines how architecture is inseparable from its social purpose and from its environmental setting. This concept is demonstrated through first examining the function of architecture and how the impact of a specific function directly impacts those who come in contact with a given building, and then by describing how the building impacts the local environment.
Abstract The paper discusses the environmental impact assessment and how it is more complex than other types of impact assessments. The paper notes that the ecological impact assessment is a form of risk assessment to indicate what the risks of an action may be. The paper considers this in terms of various examples as well as what will be required for an EIA for a massive project in Hong Kong in the near future.
From the Paper "Assessment is required for all major construction projects and for other mass alterations to the natural or urban landscape and there are different types of EIA that can be made according to the needs of the project, the requirements of the law and other parameters of change. Some types of impact assessment are more difficult to attain than others and the Ecological Impact Assessment is the most difficult, more than other types, with more uncertainties to be included and a broader potential for change to be considered. The ecological impact assessment is a form of risk assessment to indicate what the risks of an action may be. This will be considered in terms of various examples as well as what will be required for an EIA for a massive project in Hong Kong in the near future."
Abstract This paper examines how the presence of others affects our performance and behaviour. The author argues that the presence of others effects simple/practiced tasks and complex ones differently. Included is an anlysis of group consensus and conformity, social impact theory, and a look at possible outcomes such as: diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance.
From the paper:
"Our behaviour is influenced in many ways by the actions, views and mere presence of those around us. Many studies in Social Psychology have been carried out on how this influence effects us and how much. It seems that the presence of an audience is beneficial only when the task at hand is simple or well practised. If not, the audience causes performance to get worse. When acting as part of a group, individuals tend to conform to a common group consensus. This is especially the case when such a consensus in unanimous. However, minorities do have the ability to change group norms or perceptions. Individuals are less likely to help those who maybe in trouble when there are other potential helpers around. This is mainly due to pluralistic ignorance and diffusion of responsibility. Social impact theory states that the level of influence on an individual depends on the number, status and proximity of the observers as well as on whether he is acting alone or with others."
Abstract This paper explores the topic of television violence and the impact it has on children. In recent years there have been increasing allegations that television violence is having a negative impact on child development. The writer begins with an overview of the problem, looking at specific examples of television in America. Next, the paper defines some key terms for understanding the topic as well as providing a background about why this topic is important to society. The writer concludes by arguing that children are not developmentally advanced enough to separate fantasy from reality and that the increased violence they are seeing on television is creating more violent and aggressive children.
From the Paper "In recent years there have been increasing allegations that television violence has a negative impact on child development . There have been school shootings, children acting out both at home and in classrooms and other developmental traits that have been laid and the feet of television violence".
Argues that natural disasters impact society and community differently than do manmade disasters and that this distinction is important to the recovery of communities that have experienced a disasterous event.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, 2002, $ 62.95
Abstract Natural disasters include such occurrences as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, avalanches or earthquakes. Manmade disasters would include such things as airplane crashes, chemical or nuclear accidents and, of course, war. This paper will demonstrate that the distinction between these two types of disasters is significant, as each triggers different reactions in those individuals and communities who experience them. Such post-disaster impact assumes many forms depending upon variables such as locus of control, and degree of exposure to trauma. It will be argued that community planning to deal with post-disaster impact is equally as important as the reconstruction of the physical landscape after disaster.
Abstract The debate in Canada over free trade with the United States has always been heated. Both sides have consistently pointed to evidences that appear to support their own argument. There has, for instance, been reason to believe that free trade has had a beneficial impact on Canada. But this story is somewhat more complicated since the overall impact of free trade on Canada appears to remain negative. Because the American and Canadian relationship is uneven to begin with, it has been no surprise that the United States has benefited disproportionately to the agreement.
Abstract This paper attempts to estimate what the real total economic cost of the Vietnam War was to the United States. The paper concludes that a reasonable estimate of the economic impact of the Vietnam War on the American economy is that an entire year's worth of productive activity was used to fight the war.
From the Paper "The Vietnam War was the defining experience for a generation of Americans. Indeed, it is arguably one of the defining experiences of America as a whole in the Twentieth Century. Its impact on the men who fought there, the men (and women) who did not, the American military in general, American society and popular culture during and following the war has been well documented. However, it was not just a life changing experience for soldiers and protestors, or a force for social change, or even an inspiration for thousands of books and dozens of movies. War is not least an economic event. In addition to being a military defeat, a political blunder and a human tragedy, the Vietnam War was also an economic disaster."
Abstract This essay discusses the impact of the Cold War on Canadian society. . While the Canadian government was more liberal in dealing with internal security, it also tightened up on democratic rights to a certain extent.
Abstract This paper addresses demographic changes regarding the aging of the population and its impact on nursing practice. Included in the paper is a review of three journal articles. The paper also takes a look at the implications all this has for the health care of older Americans.
From the Paper "According to Carol Gavan, in an article in Holistic Nursing Practice, over the next thirty years America will see a dramatic increase in the number of older adults in the United States. This increase in the size of the older U S population will have significant implications for the health care system as well as changes in family..."
Tags: demographic changes, aging of the population and the impact on nursing practice, geriatric, health care gap, nursing, medical school, stereotypes, senility, rigid patients, nursing home
Abstract This paper discusses the psychological impact of film as conveyed through its visual, nonverbal elements, arguing that visual choices are more important to the story than dialogue. The paper cites details from the films "Sunset Blvd", "Working Girl", "Blonde Venus" and "Richard III".
From the Paper To suggest that nonverbal aspects of film communicate psychological and sociological realities may seem like the most commonplace and self-evident tautology. Even so, the power of images to dominate the narrative and psychological sense of film and indeed to convey more of the narrative truth of a motion picture than its dialogue can be overlooked particularly if the onscreen talent speaking the dialogue has star power. It seems perfectly natural for a film spectator to wait for every next moment that something comes out of the mouth..."
Abstract This paper studies the economic impact of apartheid in South Africa between 1948 and 1991. It looks at post war economic problems and the rise of the National Party, its ruthless enforcement of apartheid and South Africa as one of the most unequal countries in the world.
From the Paper "This sent shock waves through the white community particularly among white South Africans in the lowest economic strata who feared that companies would replace them with lower wage earning Black workers. This resulted in a knee jerk reaction among the all-white electorate. According to Stephen Lewis this reaction resulted in the surprise election victory ..."
Tags: Economic impact, apartheid, south africa, mandella, anc, sanctions, united nations, national party, poverty, minority, majority
Abstract This paper discusses the impact of the vast technological advances on education, as well as delving into the topic of whether technology is making the teaching profession obsolete. The position taken is that technology is extremely important in the delivery of classroom information but that education involves more than a technological base and therefore, ultimately, human teachers will always be needed.
From the Paper "Technology and technological advances have changed the world in which we live. Given the acumen of today's scientists, there appears to be no limit to the manner in which goods and services are delivered. While several years ago cable television and cellular telephones were considered luxuries, today these very same items are part and parcel of almost every household. Similarly, society is faster paced because of the advances technology has wrought. Technological advances do not stop at the front door of educational institutes, instead these advances have altered the manner in which students learn; the question, however, is have these changes improved the quality of education and, moreover, is the burgeoning growth of technology making the profession of teaching obsolete? Throughout the course of this paper I shall present the position that technology, in fact, does not - and cannot - make the profession of teaching obsolete."
Abstract This paper presents several cases that demonstrate disparate impact and treatment in the workplace. The paper defines disparate impact and treatment as when an employer uses employment practices that have a negative impact on a protected class. Such practices can include tests, academic requirements, and physical necessities. The specific cases are highlighted for their importance to this issue and their verdicts are clearly presented.
Outline:
Disparate Impact Disparate Treatment
Case Overview: Patricia Hill V. Forum Health
The Final Rule: Patricia Hill V. Forum Health
Implications in Today's Business Environment: Patricia Hill V. Forum Health
From the Paper "The first case in history to examine disparate impact, Griggs V. Duke Power Co. made its way to the Supreme Court of the land. First heard in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina, African American employees of the Duke Power Company brought a class action suit against their employer (Griggs, 1971). At the time, the power company required employees to hold a high school diploma and satisfactory scores on an intelligence test (Griggs, 1971). During times of heated racial debate, these requirements were put in place for positions previously held only by Caucasian employees (Griggs, 1971). While the District Court dismissed their case, Griggs V. Duke Power went on to an appellate court, where the decision was reversed, but the diploma and test requirement practices were upheld (Griggs, 1971). "
Abstract The paper discusses why the U.S. felt it necessary to conduct nuclear testing and explains the types of nuclear tests, what the bomb does and its impact on humans. The paper reveals the extent of the testing, the growing awareness of it and the government cover-ups involved. The paper then describes the Nevada tests and reveals the human guinea pigs used and the long-term impact of these tests. The paper provides a discussion on modern concerns about radioactive fallout exposure but believes that information from people who are seeking compensation for injuries that they link to radioactive fallout exposure should be treated in a cautious manner. The paper does conclude, however, that one becomes inclined to agree with the downwinders' assertions that many scientists are willfully ignoring the overwhelming facts. The paper asserts that the government must realize that the willful poisoning of American citizens is untenable and those who are suffering because of this experimentation deserve compensation.
Outline:
Introduction
Necessity of the Testing
Types of Nuclear Tests
The First Nuclear Test
What the Bomb Does
The Bomb's Impact on Humans
Extent of the Testing
Growing Awareness
Government Cover-ups
Island Testing
The Nevada Tests
Human Guinea Pigs
Impact of the Tests
Long-ranging Impact The Most Famous Victim
The End of Above-Ground Testing
Modern Concerns
Conclusion
From the Paper "Though modern people have concerns about atomic testing and the impact of radioactive fallout, ignorance about the atomic bomb and radiation meant that people who were exposed to such testing in the 1950s and 1960s were frequently unaware of the toxic and possibly fatal consequences of such radiation. On the contrary, rather than strive to avoid toxic fallout for bystanders, the government actually went out of its way to minimize the perception of risk. For example, in Las Vegas, businesses actually touted the nuclear testing as "a super fireworks spectacle for tourists." The government did not discourage this use, but instead allowed thousands of civilians and military personnel to fallout that it knew, or certainly suspected, would be hazardous if not lethal."
