Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the influence made by the Holocaust upon contemporary Jewish thought. In particular, the paper looks at the works of Richard L. Rubenstein, Eliezer Berkovits and Emil Fackenheim and notes how these major scholars are forced to grapple with an issue that threatens to permanently undermine the faith of the Jewish people in the God of their ancestors. In addition, the paper also notes the general despair which often seems to characterize Jewish works in the post-Holocaust epoch. In the end, the writer maintains that the horrors of the Holocaust have forced many Jewish theologians to consider that they may be worshipping a God who is either not omnipotent - or not omni-benevolent.

From the Paper
"To start with, the holocaust was an event of catastrophic suffering for the Jewish people and this suffering forced - at least among some prominent intellectuals - a re-assessment of religion and, more especially, a re-assessment of God. Simply put, the horrors of the Holocaust challenged the traditional religious text from which the Jewish people had long read in a way that no other event could possibly have done. Specifically, traditional Judaism had frequently been at odds with modernity insofar as the proponents of historicism and positivism (to say nothing of the teachings of Hegel and Kant and even Marx) took issue with an historical narrative that emphasized the existence of a transcendent deity who not only created the world but who also designated the Jewish people as a "special people" with a special communion with God."

Tags:God, theologians, traditional, horrors

Abstract
This paper explores the topic of television violence and the impact it has on children. In recent years there have been increasing allegations that television violence is having a negative impact on child development. The writer begins with an overview of the problem, looking at specific examples of television in America. Next, the paper defines some key terms for understanding the topic as well as providing a background about why this topic is important to society. The writer concludes by arguing that children are not developmentally advanced enough to separate fantasy from reality and that the increased violence they are seeing on television is creating more violent and aggressive children.

From the Paper
"In recent years there have been increasing allegations that television violence has a negative impact on child development . There have been school shootings, children acting out both at home and in classrooms and other developmental traits that have been laid and the feet of television violence".

Tags:negative, impact, america, allegations, society, advanced, fantasy, reality, aggressive

Abstract
Natural disasters include such occurrences as hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, avalanches or earthquakes. Manmade disasters would include such things as airplane crashes, chemical or nuclear accidents and, of course, war. This paper will demonstrate that the distinction between these two types of disasters is significant, as each triggers different reactions in those individuals and communities who experience them. Such post-disaster impact assumes many forms depending upon variables such as locus of control, and degree of exposure to trauma. It will be argued that community planning to deal with post-disaster impact is equally as important as the reconstruction of the physical landscape after disaster.

Tags:post-disaster, impact

Abstract
The debate in Canada over free trade with the United States has always been heated. Both sides have consistently pointed to evidences that appear to support their own argument. There has, for instance, been reason to believe that free trade has had a beneficial impact on Canada. But this story is somewhat more complicated since the overall impact of free trade on Canada appears to remain negative. Because the American and Canadian relationship is uneven to begin with, it has been no surprise that the United States has benefited disproportionately to the agreement.

Tags:canada, impact, of, free, trade

Abstract
This paper examines how the presence of others affects our performance and behavior. The author argues that the presence of others effects simple/practiced tasks and complex ones differently. Included is an analysis of group consensus and conformity, social impact theory, and a look at possible outcomes such as: diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance.

From the paper:

"Our behavior is influenced in many ways by the actions, views and mere presence of those around us. Many studies in Social Psychology have been carried out on how this influence effects us and how much. It seems that the presence of an audience is beneficial only when the task at hand is simple or well practiced. If not, the audience causes performance to get worse. When acting as part of a group, individuals tend to conform to a common group consensus. This is especially the case when such a consensus in unanimous. However, minorities do have the ability to change group norms or perceptions. Individuals are less likely to help those who maybe in trouble when there are other potential helpers around. This is mainly due to pluralistic ignorance and diffusion of responsibility. Social impact theory states that the level of influence on an individual depends on the number, status and proximity of the observers as well as on whether he is acting alone or with others."

Tags:asch, baron, bystander, conformity, cottrell, diffusion, fright, ignorance, impact, intervention, pluralistic, responsibility, sherif, social, stage, theory, zajonc

Abstract
The paper discusses how in less than twenty years of existence, Internet marketing has had a profound impact on the global economy as well as on local economies, become an integral part of e-commerce, and transformed the way in which sales organizations reach and persuade customers. This paper examines the context, character, and economic impact of Internet marketing in a U.S. and global setting, with particular attention to the economic efficiencies and greater yield-to-cost ratio of Internet marketing.

Tags:internet, marketing, impact

Abstract
Description of the life of Confucius and his important influence in Chinese culture. Development of the philosophy of legalism. Reliance on duties, righteousness, relationships and benevolence towards others. Importance of order. "The Analects." The Five Classics and their impact on legalism as a system of methods and principles for operating a State.

From the Paper
"Confucianism and Legalism

Confucius
In many respects, had there not been a Confucius, it could be argued that the philosophy of legalism would not have developed, or would have developed much later (Murray, 1992). Confucius, often called one of most influential figures in the history of China, was a teacher, a politician, a prophet, and, curiously, a failure when he died.

He lived roughly from 551 BC to 479 BC, a period when China was in great flux, a time when there was no political stability and a time when there was no unified nation. Confucius teachings (usually found in his Analects ) reflected a practicality and a focus on ritual and the way things should be. He believed, for instance, that mankind was obligated to act within the five virtues, comprised ..."

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that De Gaulle was clear that decolonization served the interests of France. The writer points out that the British Labor Party took the same approach, but was more benevolent. The writer discusses that the statements made by de Gaulle and during the British debate were inevitable and that behind the scenes, international events, and especially World War II, had and were making a massive impact. The writer shows that decolonization took place within the context of a profoundly changing world with new and very pressing demands.

From the Paper
"There are several striking similarities between De Gaulle's justifications for decolonization and those expressed by the members of British parliament. There also are several very important differences. De Gaulle was clear that decolonization served the interests of France. The British Labor Party took the same approach, but was more benevolent. The statements made by de Gaulle and during the British debate were inevitable. Behind the scenes, international events, and especially World War II, had and were making a massive impact. Decolonization took place within the context of a profoundly changing world with new and very pressing demands."

Tags:france, britain, interests

Abstract
This paper explains that Rensis Likert is famous for his innovative 1-5 Likert Scales, which measures attitudes, and the founding and directorship of the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research. The author describes the four main types of management styles in modern-day organizations as identified by Likert in his theory of management: exploitative, benevolent, consultative and participative. The paper relates that Likert's books on his theories of management, written in the 1960s and 1970s, became extremely popular in Japan, which impacted modern Japanese organizations and thereby American business management.

From the Paper
"Under the consultative system, the leaders did not have enough trust in their subordinates. The motivation was by rewards and most of the employees had some involvement. Those in the higher levels had responsibility to achieve organization goals. There was some communication with the leadership and among themselves as well as some amount of team work. And under the participative type, superiors had complete confidence in their subordinates. Likert considered this the best type. Motivation was by economic rewards, determined by set goals according to participation."

Tags:scale, exploitative, benevolent, consultative, participative

Abstract
This paper reports that, because of his tremendous wealth and desire to participate in philanthropy, Baron Edmond James de Rothschild supported massive land purchases and financed Jewish settlements in Eretz Yisrael. The author then describes Ran Aaronsohn's recounting of Rothschild's financial plan to settle Russian Jewish refugees in Eretz Israel by supporting the pioneers of Ekron Rishon Le-Zion, Zikhron Ya'akov and Rosh Pinna. The author argues that Rothschild's many charitable acts, which helped build the Jewish colonization of Palestine, probably also were motivated by his desire to show off his assets and have the Jews somewhat indebted to him.

From the Paper
"After hearing about the support Rothschild provided for the two colonies, the Northern colonies of Zikhron Ya'akov and Rosh Pinna asked Rothschild for help. He sent Elie Sheid, the secretary of the Jewish Charity Committee of Paris, to Palestine, where he negotiated agreements in both colonies on behalf of Rothschild. The agreements stated that Rothschild had full financial responsibility of the colonies, once again in exchange for property rights and the colonists' promises to follow his orders."

Tags:pioneers generosity, agricultural school, benevolence impact