Abstract
Arnold, a young firebrand, clashed with the stolid, traditional Gates, even though the men were friends. Arnold's "rash, thoughtless" actions may have won the battle whose victory is often attributed wholly to Gates' maneuvers. The contrast between the two tactical styles points up a transition in American military culture from old European formalism to new guerrilla-style tactics, a result of both the character of America's forces, and the generals like Benedict Arnold who commanded them.

Abstract
The author gives a detailed account on the life of Benedict Arnold, from the beginning of his career in 1775 to his sad and lonely death in 1801. The paper also explains how Arnold became one of America's most famous traitors and one of Britain's greatest heroes, while also examining how the colonial loyalists, also known as the Tories, and the British loyalists, felt about Arnold before and after his switch. The paper also hones in on those involved in aiding him in selling out his country, including John Andre and Beverly Robinson.

From the Paper
"So how did he end up or how was it found out that he was a traitor? Well, he changed sides mainly for financial reasons. He married a Peggy Shippen, who was in dept, and stayed in dept. He also didn't help matters any with the social parties he had. So he decided he would profit from the ruin of America. He contacted Sir Henry Clinton and promised to give him West Point and its defenders for 20,000 sterling, which is the same thing as $1 million today. However his British contact, Major John Andre, was captured, and with him there was incriminating documents in Arnold's handwriting, including routes of access to the fort.
After this incident he became a hero for the other side, fighting as hard as he did for America. Again he was awarded brigadier general. Again he led many victories, but this time it was for the British."

Tags:history, U.S., Britain, biography

From the Paper
The purpose of this research is to examine the life of Benedict Arnold with emphasis on his reasons for betraying the revolution.

Arnold is remembered as America's most infamous traitor. One of the Revolutionary War's greatest military heroes and field commanders, Arnold defected to the British side and offered to surrender West Point for money in 1780. The plot was discovered, and Arnold escaped, fought with the British Army and eventually went to England to live.

The reasons for Arnold's defection and betrayal of trust are complex and manifold.

The man who today is remembered in history only as a traitor was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticut. He and his sister Hannah were the only two of their parents' six .. "

Abstract
The paper looks at a review of a biography of Arnold Schwarzenegger, a man who has reached three completely different peaks in his life, as body builder, actor, and politician; "A few years ago, it would have seemed inconceivable that Arnold Schwarzenegger would one day merit a 400-page biography with an index that contains an entry for 'Berlin, Sir Isaiah'. But then the notion of a sex-crazed Austrian bodybuilder becoming Governor of California would also have seemed pretty farfetched." (Thompson, 2005, p. 73)

From the Paper
""A few years ago, it would have seemed inconceivable that Arnold Schwarzenegger would one day merit a 400-page biography with an index that contains an entry for 'Berlin, Sir Isaiah'. But then the notion of a sex-crazed Austrian bodybuilder becoming Governor of California would also have seemed pretty farfetched." (Thompson, 2005, p. 73) Thus begins one review of a biography of Arnold Schwarzenegger: a man who has reached three completely different peaks in his life, as body builder, actor, and politician. In each of these fields, he has risen to heights..."

Tags:arnold, schwarzenegger, freud

Abstract
The paper explores how the central theme of the Oedipal complex helps to shed light on the modern sociological factors of why father/son relationships can become deadly. The paper discusses the hidden tension that rises between them in a competitive manner and explains that for Armstrong, the idealized and often unrealistic expectations of men drive them to interact in this manner, much as Sohrab and Rustum had done within Arnold's deeply tragic epic text.

Tags:arnold, poem, epic

Abstract
The paper discusses how the novel circumstances of the lengthy Victorian Age, positioned as it was between a more rural time and the onset of modern industrialism, spawned a unique and, it may be argued, powerful body of literature that in its highest examples calls into question the nature of human expression. The paper explains that Victorian literature was written during an age when the rapidly spreading Industrial Revolution was threatening traditional ways of life and even risking the loss of individual inspiration in the face of mechanization and uniformity. The paper relates that in response to this inevitable material circumstance, much of the best of Victorian literature evokes a strong yearning for the sublime. The paper looks at how two of the era's greatest thinkers and writers, Matthew Arnold and John Ruskin, interpret the Victorian atmosphere of creeping malaise and its pervasive effect on British literature of the period in distinct but closely connected ways.

From the Paper
"The novel circumstances of the lengthy Victorian Age, positioned as it was between a more rural time and the onset of modern industrialism, spawned a unique and, it may be argued, powerful body of literature that in its highest examples calls into question the nature of human expression. Victorian literature was written during an age when the rapidly spreading Industrial Revolution was threatening traditional ways of life and even risking the loss of individual inspiration in the face of mechanization and uniformity. In response to this inevitable material circumstance, much of the best of Victorian literature evokes a strong yearning for the..."

Tags:ruskin, arnold, victorian

Abstract
This paper explains that, on the surface, the subject matter and rhyme scheme of the poem "The Forsaken Merman" by Matthew Arnold appears very similar to Pre-Raphaelite poets of the past decade, but Arnold's poem illustrates contemporary concerns about shifting moral norms. The author points out that Arnold inverts the conventional, moral storytelling function of many nursery-rhyme poems designed for children into a story about a pagan hero, who is cruelly rebuffed by a mortal Christian woman for a religion, which ultimately affords her an unfulfilling and death-driven way of existence. The paper relates that Arnold emphasizes the superstitious component of religion in the poem's reference to religion in terms of bells and books rather than of Christ and eternal life, which might be considered the higher aspects of religion.

From the Paper
"This cruelty of the Christian woman, who spurns the truest lover of the poem, should come as little surprise to persons familiar with the poet Matthew Arnold's own system of beliefs. Matthew Arnold was a professed agnostic. But according to the Victorian scholar David DeLaura, Arnold's attitude towards religion was more complex than this word might suggest. It was not simply that Arnold did not believe, in fact he did think there was a strong value to be found in religion and supported many of his religious friends, like John Henry Newman, an Anglican covert to Catholicism."

Tags:nursery-rhyme, superstitious, water-children, morality, pagan

Abstract
This paper discusses "Dover Beach" and "The Buried Life," two poems by the Victorian English poet Matthew Arnold which highlight his position between the Romanticists before him and the Modernists who would follow him. The writer discusses the conflict between humanism and traditional Christian beliefs in Arnold's work, and how he seems to voice the human response to both through a sense of desolation in the realization of the inadequacy of his art to express the essential divorce of man from both the spiritual and the natural. After a brief analysis of both poems, the paper concludes that, not surprisingly, not long after writing "Dover Beach," Arnold withdrew to writing Christian responses and criticism.

From the Paper
"Key in his writing is the divorce in man from his spirituality. It's a concern that he expands to include society's desolation from a Christian God and, more, how the works of man - including Arnold's poetry - are doomed to be insufficient in expressing both the individual's sense of nostalgia for a prelapsarian mode and his yearning for a perhaps impossible-to-recapture state of grace. It's not too much to use Arnold's work to encompass the greater scope of consideration that man's fall into knowledge and experience is irrevocable and, in a way, unforgivable. "

Tags:humanist, immortality, ambivalence, self-pity, hopelessness, faith, Carlyle

Abstract
This paper discusses the ideas and works of poets, Augustus Toplay and Matthew Arnold. The paper contends that Toplay, like Arnold, believed that human life was empty and lonely without the presence of the divine and the striving of humanity to understand God and to integrate God into the daily life of humans. The paper examines Toplay's belief that judgment absent of pure democratic will must reign, but unlike Arnold, he was concerned that such a moral regime would be coherent theologically with what Toplay considered true, that is, traditional.

From the Paper
"In Matthew Arnold's prose and poetry, such as his essay "Hebraism and Hellenism," and his patriotic poetic panegyric "Dover Beach," the Victorian intellectual literary critic Arnold stood as an apostle of Englishness, and all that was good about conservative, British values and the British value structure versus mob rule. However, despite this posturing, Arnold was also a devout exponent of the lack of value of the British Empire as an institution and exporter of Englishness. Arnold instead believed that British culture, rather than the British Empire, should be the dominant way that England communicated its schema of values to the world. "Dover Beach" is a melancholy meditation on the long "withdrawing roar" of the "Sea of Faith," in other words, that God has abandoned humanity, because humanity has abandoned God in its line of thought, and human life is empty without God and a seeking-after God as opposed to world riches, as is common when government obeys the populist will and whim towards empire building."

Tags:hebraism, hellenism, dover, beach

Abstract
The author looks at the America's armed forces around the time of the War of Independence, as detailed in James Kirby Martin and Mark Edward Lender's book, "A Respectable Army." This book review examines whether or not the authors were true to the details of history from the period of the American Revolution. The reviewer looks at the author's sources, and examines the makeup of the army at the time in order to determine whether or not republicanism was the overwhelming motivator in many of these men joining the fight.

From the Paper
"When I first read this quote, I knew this is exactly what I was taught in school and always knew of the militia and the role of citizen soldiers. To my dismay this was totally not accurate and the authors did a good job proving this. Now with their first supporting point, they only stated the myths of the war. Now another supporting point later in their historical research proved that the common thought of militia filling the ranks of the army was not true. The Continental Army was hurting badly because of the defeats in Long Island in 1776 and in the Philadelphia Campaign in 1777. So in their third chapter of the book, they looked at how the American army got their manpower to sustain British attacks and wait out until the French arrived. For one the Continental Army started to be the direct opposite of what Americans were fighting for, republicanism."

Tags:american, book, review, revolution, philadelphia, republicanism, continental, army, philadelphia, campaign, recruits, washington, benedict, arnold, treason, lexington, concord