A review of the work of Wangari Maathai the woman activist in environmental issues and her efforts in the formation of the "The Green Belt Movement" that she initiated.
Abstract The paper discusses that women in the world have become more prominent in their fight to protect the environment and the ecosystems. In this discussion the paper highlights the efforts of Wangari Maathai, the woman activist, in achieving a reduction of the negative effects on the environment of deforestation. The paper states that in terms of female activism, Maathai has helped to show that women in Africa are capable of playing a leading role in environmental issues. The paper concludes that the Green Belt Movement that she initiated has helped to raise awareness about environmental issues not only in Africa but internationally.
Outline:
Introduction
The Green Belt Movement
Wangari Maathai and the origins of the Green Belt Movement
Conclusion
From the Paper "Environmental activism has become an important part of the battle to save the environment in the age of global warming and climate change. In the last decade, women have become more involved in active and leading roles. Initiatives such as the Green Belt movement have proven their worth as essential in the battle against the decline in environmental standards throughout the world. This paper will discuss will the Green Belt Movement and its founder, Wangari Maathai, from both the environmental and social perspectives. While this movement has been proven to have a considerable affect on the issue of deforestation, it is at the same time a social movement that has also advanced the cause of the empowerment of women in Africa and the world."
Abstract This paper provides a short history of seat belts and reveals impressive statistics about their capabilities. The paper talks about child safety belts in cars and on school buses and relates that the better educated and women are more likely to wear seat belts. The paper emphasizes that wearing seat belts for safety simply makes sense; your life may depend on it.
Outline:
Introduction
Introduction to Seat Belts and Their Capabilities
Child Safety Seats
School Bus Safety Belts Demographics of Seat Belt Users
Seat Belt Usage Grows
Conclusion
From the Paper "Seat belts have been around in some countries since the turn of the century, and they have been mandatory in U.S. automobiles since 1964. Seat belts have been proven to save lives in most cases, because they keep the person inside the car and stable. Many people are killed in car accidents because they are thrown from the vehicle, which is often a deadly situation. Two safety experts note, "Most studies suggest that, on balance, wearing seatbelts is a safety precaution for which the benefits to the average individual exceed the costs" (Hakes, and Viscusi). In addition, since traffic fatalities are the main cause of death in America, the use of seat belts can help save more lives quickly and effectively."
Abstract The paper shows that the dispute over laws requiring seat belt use is not on the basis of safety. Almost everyone agrees that seat belts can prevent injury or death. Rather, opponents point to the issue of personal choice. The paper discusses that how people perceive mandatory seat belt laws also reflect ones attitude and value system that is shaped by their environment, knowledge and experience. This paper reveals how the acceptance of seat belt laws varies across racial, gender and age. Furthermore, this study analyzes how people respond to mandatory seat belts laws based on knowledge and experience. Additionally, of those who favor seat belt laws to what extent is their support.
From the Paper "There were also some fundamental differences in the way women and men responded the questions. The results of the survey showed that the majority of women support seat belt laws (91%), which is 11% higher than the support indicated by men. The majority of women also favor fines for those who are caught without wearing a seat belt, as two-thirds of the women polled hold this belief. More females than males also believed that if they were stopped for not wearing at seat belt and ticketed, that the ticket would be adequate and well deserved. "
Abstract This research proposal examines and analyzes seat belt usage by examining demographic and geographic information to determine if seat belt usage has increased nationwide, and if so, what effect this has had on traffic accidents and fatalities. It explains that research is obtained from other studies that have collected data from observation and surveys. Fieldwork studies are included. Controlled studies have been conducted on a large-scale basis and would be hard to recreate. This paper relies on comprehensive studies that have been conducted nationwide. The primary objectives of the data gathering throughout the course of the study obtains information that can:
? Determine if seat belts indeed save lives
? If there are correlations in some of the demographic data as to seat belt usages
? How successful law enforcement has been in increasing seat belt usage
To date, these studies indicate that there has been an increase in seat belt usage. This paper reviews and summarizes current available data to determine if the hypotheses proposed by this paper have been proven.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Introduction
Problem Statement
Purpose of Research
Unit of Analysis and Variables
Research Objectives
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Research Design
Data Collection
Sample Design
Field Work
Data Analysis
Limitations of Research
Results
Timeline and Budget
Bibliography
Appendices
From the Paper "The purpose of this literature research and review is to investigate the work done by previous researchers on the issue of seat belt usage. My objective is to find current and relevant information on seat belt usage and determine if usage has increased; if enforcement efforts have had any effect and what are the results of increased usage. The research will attempt to support previous works that indicate that seat belt usage has contributed to saving lives in traffic accidents. Several large organizations have studied this problem and there is ample significant research to choose from. The majority of research information for this paper will come from the National Center for Statistics and Analysis Center (NCSAC), National Occupant Protection Use Survey (NOPUS), the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)."
Abstract This paper relates that, despite the encouraging increase in the use of seat belts, it is clear that many Americans are still choosing not to buckle up, endangering both their lives and the lives of their fellow passengers. The author points out that wearing a seat belt is not the only way to increase traffic safety; reducing speeding, aggressive driving, and stopping drunk-driving also are important factors. The paper explains that stricter laws regarding the use of seat belts have been shown to save lives, but recent attempts to make seat belt compliance a primary offence in some states have stalled.
From the Paper "The human collision is what many people correctly associate with human damage that occurs during an automobile crash. This occurs when human occupants hit some part of the vehicle. Occupants who are not wearing a seatbelt continue to move at the speed of the car, and hit a part of the vehicle with this force. These "unbelted occupants will slam into the steering wheel, the windshield, or some other part of the vehicle interior".
Abstract This paper explains that the failure to wear a seat belt is the leading cause of death for people under 35 and cites examples from newspapers in the U.S. and in the U.K. to support this statistic. The writer discusses a few of the chief excuses that people give for not wearing seat belts, such as fear of being trapped in a vehicle, and uses statistics to counter each one. The paper concludes that wearing your seat belt equates to saving your life.
From the Paper "As mundane it may be, the truth of the matter is, wearing a seat belt can save your life. It is this effortless action, taking less than five seconds, that in the end is the difference between life and death. Not to mention, serious and debilitating injuries that can change a person's life forever. There is no reason anyone deserves to be or should be in that situation. When children are involved one becomes even more responsible for enforcing the wearing of safety belts early on. Adults can make the decision for their selves, but why let a child suffer when they can be taught the importance of wearing a seat belt."
Abstract This paper examines the effect of developing technology on the changing dynamic of the railroad system and how, although digital and wireless technologies have replaced many positions traditionally filled by staff, thereby causing downsizing, the increased levels of efficiency businesses can pursue has created jobs in new sectors, along with increased revenues. In particular, it looks at the Indiana Belt Line Railway and explores ways to increase productivity and revenue through technological advancement. It also addresses transforming the organizational culture within the Indiana Belt Line Railway in order to transform the performance of the organization.
Outline
Chapter 1: Railroad Policy Analysis
The Changing Dynamic of the Rail Industry
Mergers and Collaborations
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Opportunities Through Technological Advancements
Opportunities Through Equipment Upgrades
Internet Communications
Managing the Change Process
The Consultant's Work: Lewin's Model of Unfreeze, Change and Refreeze
From the Paper "At the end of the 70?s, by the time Congress reacted to the impending financial crisis, another competitor appeared on the horizon. The shipping container industry was slowly coming of age during the second half of the 1970's decade. By the time the second wave of peacetime economic expansion hit the US during the 1980?s, the rail system was positioned to begin to make up lost ground, but not ready to capitalize on the climbing business cycle. Other businesses have made technological advances during the 60's and 70's which bypasses much of the rail industry. As a result, the rail industry was still at a competitive disadvantage. This time it was not due to financial controls, but to outdated equipment, lowered revenues, and degrading facilities and track conditions."
Abstract This paper examines the article "Psychology of Spending: Where Does Belt-Tightening Begin" by economist Cynthia Crossen, about the impact of the stock market shifts on perception of wealth and spending patterns. The paper thoroughly reviews the article and explains its economic basis, which is the theory of marginal utility. The author then applies this theory to the hypothetical question of purchasing a Rolls Royce Silver Cloud during an economic downturn. The author concludes that the car would ultimately be a good investment because its value depreciates extremely slowly.
From the Paper "As demand shifts downward because of a lackluster economy, the supply also shifts along with consumer needs. Since the consumer demand for certain goods such as luxury automobiles, state of the art electronics, CDs and other luxury goods decrease, the industry supply of such goods also will decrease. The article explains that in the Great Depression, many Americans went back to their rural roots because when they take on more primitive positions they feel less of the affects of the depression. In our current era, this has changed because of our governmental policies to prevent severe depression such as Social Security, welfare, and unemployment insurance. Therefore although consumer spending on luxury goods decreases, there is still a market for goods. Producers will continue to have a supply of goods as long as consumers are willing to spend money on luxury goods. The combination of our dependence of many luxury goods, and our ability to have money even during recessions makes it so that the overall restrictions on supply are not as stringent as if the recession was occurring during the Great depression or the recessions of the 1980s."
Abstract This paper posits that seat-belts must be mandatory on all school buses because they reduce the risk of injury or death, car safety rules must be consistent and there is no valid opposition for this rule. It argues that seat-belts have been proven effective in increasing safety through many years of use in automobiles and laboratory tests have additionally shown them to be safe in school buses. Without seat-belts on school buses, children will be less likely to always buckle up in their cars too. Finally, the paper concludes that the opposition simply does not have grounds for disputing mandatory seat belts on buses because the safety of our children must be the first priority.
From the Paper "Thirty years ago, there were not laws regulating child safety seats in cars, nor would any vehicle produced at that time pass today's rigorous safety standards; obviously, modern technology and knowledge is meant to overcome the safety faux-pas of decades past to create a safer, healthier environment for children. Would any parent today feel comfortable handing their child a mercury-filled thermometer or Happy Meal toy? The answer is no, and this is evidence that yesterday's safety standards are not applicable to child safety today. Another argument against seat-belts is that some kinds of belts may cause more harm than good in case of an accident. The solution to this critique is simple: only install the seat-belt designs that would actually protect passengers in case of an accident. It is well documented which kinds of seat belts (like lap-only belts) are potentially harmful, and which ones are safe."
From the Paper " Seat Belts on School Buses
Introduction
The United States has an affirmative obligation to ensure the highest levels of education and protection for its children. Unfortunately, the administration's unwillingness to meet this obligation is evident in its consistent failure to make available the financial and other support necessary for schools to provide the education required to adequately prepare our children for the successful administration of the country in the future. Even more unfortunate, however, is the administration's failure to provide the financial and moral backing for a nationwide drive to install seat belts on school buses because this failure threatens the physical safety of our children. Sadly, this failure is merely symptomatic of the country's general failure to dedicate.."
Abstract This paper discusses Autosafe Products Ltd's state-of-the-art automotive safety device, the Autosafe Seat Belt Height Adjuster. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of the desirability and market sustainability of this product. The paper examines the automotive safety industry and other competitors, as well as economic factors. The paper discusses the importance of product differentiation and explains that if the company differentiates itself, it has an increased probability of increasing its foothold within an ever expanding market.
From the Paper "The political framework for the current automotive safety industry is very favorable for the expansion of new safety equipment. The government has increased its rigid policy on automotive safety on both a national level as well as many locally sponsored initiatives that will have a positive affect on the automotive safety market. In the last year, new regulations "aimed at improving road safety through appropriate use of child restraints" were adopted by the Road Safety Ministry on a national level (AutoIndustry, npg). The inevitable result is that stiffer penalties and stricter enforcement are now being put into play to increase safety procedures."
Abstract This paper discusses the debilitating effects of Goa's mining industry on health, the environment and economic stability in the area. It presents a project proposed by Dr. Ligia Noronha of the Western Regional Centre of the Tata Energy Research Institute, which aims to strike a balance between economic growth, ecological preservation and human development. The paper also suggests the option of implementing an accountability system that places both the government and the mining companies under the scrutiny of international bodies such as the World Bank. To conclude, the paper advocates combining Dr. Noronha's project proposal with the supervision of the international community for the long-term initiative.
Table of Contents:
Statement of the Problem
The Objectives of the Project
Alternative Options
Analysis of the Options (Pros and Cons)
Recommendation to IDRC Vice-President (Justification for Course of Action, Comparison of Different Options)
Appendix: Summary Table
From the Paper "The objectives of the project spear-headed by Dr. Ligia Noronha of the Western Regional Centre of the Tata Energy Research Institute are manifold. At its core, the proposed sustainable development initiative seeks to encourage the striking of a balance between economic growth and ecological preservation/human development. The project (which appears to be in its incipient stages) has already developed a series of evaluative tools which will allow for the measurement of community and ecological well-being in the region over time so that greater (and presumably more expeditious) participation and conflict resolution can be undertaken as issues arise (Conway, 2; please see summary table for a list of the three tools identified by the project leaders as practicable and effective). Proceeding further, there can scarcely be any question that the project also seeks to unify all stake-holders around the idea that each of them must work with all of the others in order to see to it that the environmental, social, and economic potentiality of the region is reached (Conway, 2)."
Abstract This paper shall provide a summary of the relevant information on the ethical dilemma of car seat safety for small children and infants. This ethical dilemma occurs when the parent or guardian needs to decide whether the child would be safer in the backseat than in the front, or whether the child should graduate to a lap belt according to state law before the child is of a substantial body mass for seat belt safety.
Abstract This paper compares the works of Claude McKay (specifically "Harlem Dancer," "Black Belt Slummers," and "Harlem") and Langston Hughes ("Death In Harlem" and "Harlem Jazz Club"). It views them next to the more concretely illustrated depiction of the "Club" in James Weldon Johnson's "The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man". By doing so, we understand the power structure of the Harlem Nightclub and the struggle of the African American residents within them, against members of the opposite sex and opposite race, which many used to gain power as a tool of survival.
I. Introduction
II. Portrayal of the Nightclub in James Weldon Johnson's "Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man"
III. Langston Hughes's "Death in Harlem" (Primarily Power Struggles between Gender)
IV. Claude McKay's "Harlem Dancer"
V. Claude McKay's "Black Belt Slummers" (Primarily Power Play Between Races)
VI. Langston Hughes's "Harlem Night Club"
VII. Claude McKay's "Harlem"
VIII. Conclusion
From the Paper "The next class of people the narrator describes are three sets of slummers-the sight-seerers, the black face actors, and the female patrons--or whites who come to the club to awe over the spectacle of African American culture and society. In terms of the power structure of the "Club" the female patrons are the most interesting as they pay for the clothes, diamonds, and drinks of their black companions a sight that unsettles the narrator. The narrator's inability to accept the prosperity of the black man in this situation is based on the fact that the money and social status emasculate the man and make him into an animal, a "social phenomena," rather than a person (Johnson, 79). "
Abstract This paper is about Preston Tucker: his life details, his products and his company. It also describes his dreams, as depicted in the movie "Tucker" and how he embraces the entrepreneurial aspects of American business.
From the paper:
"Preston Tucker was a car salesman and inventor. Anticipating WW II, he created a high-speed armored car with a gun on a turret. The army thought that the car was too fast but loved the turret, confiscated the patents and used them during the war. Tucker was given contracts to build turrets for bombers and made his fortune. Tucker dreamed of building a passenger car with innovations such as seat belts, disk brakes, rear engine, safety glass, pop-out windshields, a fully automatic transmission, and self-correcting headlights. The car that he designed and produced was ahead of its time in terms of safety and performance."
Tags: car, production, labor, Second, World, War, Ford, General, Motors, Chrysler, American, Motors
