Abstract
This paper discusses the psychological stress placed upon the main characters in both Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex" and George Ryga's "The Ecstacy of Rita Joe". The author examines the root of their stress: having no true place to call home, and no true sense of belonging.

From the paper:

"Humans need a place where they are comfortable and where they know they belong. The absence of this sanctuary causes severe psychological stress. For Rita and
Oedipus, the tragedy of their lives is this absence. Unable to find their sanctuary, they lead lives beset with confusion. In an attempt to find their home, they searched endlessly for the truth. The real tragedy is that there was no home to find. They were isolated wanderers. Wherever they went, their feet hurt."

Tags:george, joe, oedipus, rita, ryga, sophocles, sanctuary, jocasta, creon

Abstract
The paper discusses how the group-belonging mentality can quickly override individualism in nearly any social form. The paper presents a review of the Robber's Cave experiment and how it applies to current social theory relating to the behavior of individuals and groups. The paper discusses the intergroup contact theory and shows how groups can cause shifts in individual behavior that have both positive and negative outcomes.

From the Paper
"Many studies have demonstrated that when an individual becomes part of a group, if the demands of the group are uniformity of action and thought, then the individual tends to suborn itself to that group, even if the rules aren't written, established, or even understood. One landmark study of this kind of behavior shift, of the quick loss of identity and typical behavior patterns to that of the group, was the Robber's Cave Experiment. Performed in the mid 1950's, a group of homogenous 11-year olds were placed in opposing summer camps and observed while their otherwise typical and self-controlling behavior declined into a state of near animalism in terms of aggression and near violence."

Tags:individualism, inter-group, conflict, intergroup, contact, theory, behavior

Abstract
This paper discusses the issues raised in Caryl Phillips' novel "Crossing the River," i.e. the common desires of love, acceptance and belonging which the black people of the African Diaspora still face, even though they are no longer slaves. The themes are looked at generally and in relation to the novel.

From the Paper
"In the novel's prologue, Phillips presents the reader with the problems of the African diaspora through the voice of a universal father to the book's characters. In desperation this father sells his children, representing two hundred and fifty years of blacks torn from Africa. He explains to his children that now, "there is no return." You are beyond. Broken-off, like limbs from a tree. But not lost, for you carry within your bodies the seeds of new trees. Sinking your hopeful roots into difficult soil? (2). Phillips' metaphor between black people torn from Africa and broken-off branches of trees is important because it serves to clearly explain the father's beliefs about the role of his sold children. These children can never reattach themselves to their homeland; once a branch has been severed, it cannot be put back on."

Tags:black, booker, england, home, novel, prize

Abstract
This paper explores the world of punk rock in central Florida. Various interviews conducted by the author are reconstructed in the paper to tease out different definitions of what the scene means to various people and age groups in this area. It also looks at a history of punk rock from its heyday in the 1970s, in Great Britain, and how its themes of belonging and acceptance still translates to some of today's youth in the 1990s.

From the Paper
"Belonging, acceptance, and repor are a major part of punk to most individuals I interviewed; however, it was by far not the only response I received. A second view, given to me by S, a worker at Sound Idea, was that one of the most appealing aspects of punk was the energy within the scene. This section focuses on that overlying energy in punk. Punk music is loud, fast, and aggressive. Shows as Sound Idea were highly participatory- audience and band members alike ran, circle pitted, and danced across as large of a space as they could seem to niche out of the crowd. Many shows were high energy and physically taxing. However, this energy was focused, and what S was more generally referring to, I believe, is the hands on approach that seems to proliferate so many punk scenes."

Tags:class, culture, modern, modernism, post, rock, roll, sub, acceptance, youth, age, record, bands, tours, lyrics, bond, individuals

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the African-American experience starting from slavery and extending through American history to World War II. The paper also discusses the attempts by African-Americans to "belong" to American society, especially through religion.

From the Paper
"In Crossing the River, Caryl Phillips' construction of desire plays a key role to his depiction of the African diaspora. In his novel, common desires to find love, acceptance, and belonging - tie together the experiences of generations of black people torn from Africa without new places to consider home or new people to consider family. Phillips uses their desires to show that freedom from slavery has only been part of black men and women's fight. Once free, these men and women are rejected by white societies and left with nowhere to turn. Thus, through his representations of this common desire, Phillips puts a focus on a less clear cut problem than slavery or freedom, one that has faced and is still facing black people: that of belonging. His novel serves to urge displaced people to recognize this desire to belong and to be accepted, and, instead of giving up, to always struggle through hardships to try to fulfill it. "

Tags:black, century, england, english, novel, phillips, race, relations, twentieth, white

Abstract
This paper addresses the need that individuals feel to belong to various groups. Through extensive research and informed opinion by some of the best experts in the related field, the paper will begin by defining the term "group" followed by the salient features of all groups and the reasons why people form as well as join groups. Hence, the psychological impact of a strong sense of belongingness will be studied and observed.

Abstract
Recently an oil pipeline belonging to the Dutch Royal Shell Company in Nigeria was attacked by an insurgent group known as MEND. In spite of similar attacks the oil company is making huge profits and the government is not acting. The issue points to tremendous corruption in Nigeria and a failure to share oil wealth with the average citizen. This has created a dangerous situation.

From the Paper
Nigeria's Oil Morass Summary: The immediate topic of this article is the recent shut down of a Dutch Royal Shell Oil pipeline by local insurgents in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. The larger issue is Nigeria's inability or unwillingness to deal with corruption, political dissidents and local poverty in this huge, oil rich region in West Africa. The results include continued discontent among inhabitants, disruption of international oil shipments and frustration on the part of oil companies. However, despite these problems Nigeria's government is only minimally interested and oil companies, like Dutch

Tags:oil, nigeria, corruption

Abstract
Sociologists have long been concerned with the concept of community and with what the community provides in terms of belonging, identity, culture, and more. a concern has also been raised by a number of sociologists about changes in community, especially based on the view that a sense of community is being lost and that this will have unfortunate consequences for society in the future.

From the Paper
Sociologists have long been concerned with the concept of community and with what the community provides in terms of belonging, identity, culture, and more. a concern has also been raised by a number of sociologists about changes in community, especially based on the view that a sense of community is being lost and that this will have unfortunate consequences for society in the future. This idea is addressed directly in Putnam's book Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (2001) and is also a key element in Schumacher's Small Is Beautiful: A Study of Economics as If People Mattered (1989), though Schumacher's book is directed more toward getting the community to act to create a system of

Tags:books, reviews, two

Abstract
This paper discusses the legal battles fought over the concept of "terra nullius" in Australia. The paper explains this term to relate to territory that does not belong to any state - 'no mans land'. The paper explores the discriminatory rulings against the Aboriginal people of Australia and contends that a new constitution is needed. The paper claims that the present constitution was formulated to meet the needs of the invading English and should be replaced with an Australian constitution, which meets the needs of all races now living in this country.

From the Paper
"Australia's coastline is nearly 22,800 miles long. Australia is completely surrounded by water, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The Coral Sea is near Tasmania. The lowest point in Australia is Lake Eyre and that is 39 feet below sea level. The highest point in Australia is Mount Kosciunsko and that is 7,310 feet above sea level. Australia is the oldest continent and the lowest continent with only 6 percent of it is above 2,000 feet. Most of the continent has no mountains. The largest lake is Lake Eyre at 3,700 square miles. This lake has barely any fresh water in it. If you fly over it in a low flying airplane you would see lots of Detail. The Ayers Rocks are a wonderful sight when the sun sets.1"

Tags:aboriginal, constitution, civil, rights

Abstract
This paper discusses the historicity of the Biblical story of Joseph and whether it can be placed in the second intermediate Hyksos period (c. 1650-1550 BC). The author describes what is known about the Hyksos peple from written sources and archaeological excavations, and explains why researchers have claimed that the Joseph narrative can be made to fit in this period. The author goes on to show that on a textual basis, there is a growing inconsistency between the Joseph narrative, which contains elements which point strongly to a 7th or 6th century composition date, and the Hyksos period. Further, sufficient archaeological evidence has been presented to suggest, with reservation, a 12th dynasty date for the narrative should the late-dated Joseph narrative and its plausible historic context be discovered.

Outline:
Introduction
'Men of Obscure Birth from the East'
The Joseph Narrative
Excavations at Avaris, Tell el-Dab'a
Does Joseph Belong?

From the Paper
"This paper agrees with two of Redford's principle assertions. First, that the Joseph narrative should be treated as a separate entity within the larger patriarchal narrative. Second, that Joseph was compiled in the 7th or 6th centuries BC. It diverges from Redford in questioning whether the narrative should be considered purely fictitious, in light of certain evidence both textual and physical, and that a degree of historicity does exist within the narrative. This paper's primary function, however, is to show whether the Joseph narrative can be placed in the Hyksos period, namely the Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650-1550 BC)."

Tags:theologian, historian, scholarship, Asiatic, patriarchal, Pharaoh, tomb, culture