Abstract This paper explores the character of Esther Greenwood in Sylvia Plath's "Bell Jar". The paper focuses on Esther as a woman and discusses gender roles, their causes and their repercussions. The paper argues that Sylvia Plath speaks out in "Bell Jar"; publicizing the effects of society's maddening restrictions placed on women.
From the Paper "Through her narrative, Esther was continually at battle with the social definitions of women. However, she ultimately does not want to transgress the boundaries by being overtly sexual like Doreen nor does she desire to be the overly masculinized, independent career woman Jay Cee is."
Abstract This essay is about the life and times of Alexander Graham Bell. The author discusses his innovations and contributions to the progress of communication and global revolution.
From the Paper "Alexander Graham Bell lived in an era of rapid change. Change was occurring in every aspect of life including the economy, population, transportation, and communication. Even the people's needs and wants were changing. The era that he lived in was called the transportation and communication revolution. Bell is responsible for half of this revolution. His innovations in communication were of a global magnitude."
Abstract This essay discusses Ernest Hemingway's "For Whom the Bell Tolls" in terms of analyzing Robert Jordan's reasons for fighting in the Spanish Civil war. Several quotes are taken from the book to illustrate Jordan's motives.
Abstract This paper provides a medical explanation for Bell's Palsy, a condition that causes temporary facial paralysis. The paper also describes the causes, epidemiology, and symptoms of the condition and how it is diagnosed and treated.
From the Paper "A person might wake up one morning and discover that one side of his or her face shows signs of paralysis. The symmetrical nature of the face might have a mismatched appearance. The afflicted side may have varying levels of deformity and droopiness. The person might discover the inability to close the eye. The paralysis of one side of the face means that speech is often distorted. Feeding is difficult. Drooling is frequent. The person finds it impossible to pucker the lips into a shape that is often used for whistling. The direct diagnosis is that this person is suffering from Bell's Palsy. This condition is relatively temporary. Only few people who suffer from this condition have permanent effects. Bell's Palsy can develop over a few hours or a few days. It is not uncommon for a person to find that the condition has developed overnight."
Abstract This paper describes the medical condition of cerebral palsy that affects a person's control of his muscles and therefore may have trouble walking, talking, eating or playing in the same methods as many other people. It formulates a transition plan for a eighteen year old high school graduate in order to understand the limitations and opportunities available for an individual with cerebral palsy.
Outline:
Introduction
Defining Cerebral Palsy Causes of Cerebral Palsy Characteristics of Cerebral Palsy Classifications of Cerebral Palsy Meet John Smith
John's Diagnosis
John's Post-Secondary Outcome
John's Residential Needs
John's Financial Income
Enjoying Life
Health Care Needs
Creating a Social Life
Transportation Issues
Advocacy and Legal Needs for John
Managing a Home, Money and Personal Life
Conclusion.
From the Paper "Individuals with cerebral palsy often exhibit distinguishing characteristics. These include convulsive muscle contractions that may be intermittent known as tonic or continuous, which is clonic. A person can develop contractures and abnormal spinal curves. The person may exhibit rigid, primitive reflexes and distorted deep tendon reflexes (Dzienkowski, 1996). Exaggerated posturing, fragmented motor movements, and lack of balance may also be observed in an individual with cerebral palsy."
Abstract This paper looks at how cerebral palsy (CP) affects motor development. A brief introduction to cerebral palsy is provided. The paper describes the different types of CP and outlines the possible causes of the illness. The paper focuses on the specific effects of cerebral palsy on motor development through a review of the measures used by clinicians to assess cerebral palsy.
From the Paper "Cerebral palsy is a general term for a variety of disorders caused by damage to the brain (Schuelein, 2002). The damage occurs before or during birth or in the first few years of life, and may cause severe crippling, or the symptoms may be so mild that they hardly interfere with the patient's activities (Schuelein, 2002). There are several types of cerebral palsy, and all involve lack of muscle control: common effects of the disorder include a clumsy walk, lack of balance, shaking, jerky movements, and unclear speech (Schuelein, 2002). In many patients, the brain damage also causes mental retardation, learning disability, seizures, and problems in sight and hearing (Schuelein, 2002)."
Abstract This paper discusses cerebral palsy (CP), a range of disabilities caused by brain damage before or during birth or in the first years of life. The paper explains that CP is characterized by a loss of voluntary muscular control and coordination. The paper defines the disorder and presents statistics of the prevalence of CP in the United States. A brief history of CP is provided and the possible causes of the disorder are examined. The paper explores several medical breakthroughs in the field.
Outline
Introduction
Definition and Prevalence of the Disorder
Variations of Cerebral Palsy History
Causes
Medical Breakthroughs
Conclusion
From the Paper "Cerebral palsy, because it influences the way children develop, is called a developmental disability; it is more prevalent in the United States today than any other developmental disability, with about two out of every thousand children born in the United States exhibiting some form of cerebral palsy. Approximately 500,000 people in the United States have some degree of cerebral palsy, with 5,000 infants and toddlers and 1,200 to 1,500 preschoolers diagnosed with cerebral palsy each year. The United States has not system for monitoring the incidence of cerebral palsy, so there is no way to know if the incidence is increasing, decreasing or relatively static (About cerebral palsy Web site). "
Abstract The paper defines cerebral palsy as an overarching term that refers to or describes a group of related chronic disorders which impair the control of movement and commonly occurs in the first few years of life. The paper describes the various diagnostic tests that confirm the presence of cerebral palsy and the incidence rate today. The paper details the various causes of this disorder and what can be done to help students with these disabilities. The paper explains the use of the term management as opposed to treatment that consists of helping the child achieve maximum potential in growth and development.
Outline:
Overview and Diagnostic Criteria
Incidence Rate and Comorbidity
Prevalence
Course of the Disease
Causation Theories
How Do We Help Students With This Disability?
From the Paper "The term incidence refers to the "...annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Cerebral Palsy diagnosed each year." (Cerebral Palsy - Facts & Figures) Jones (1983) estimated that the incidence of cerebral palsy to be about 2 per thousand in the school age population. (Willard-Holt, 1998) Research indicates approximately that 764,000 children and adults in the United States manifest one or more of the symptoms of cerebral palsy." Currently, about 8,000 babies and infants are diagnosed with the condition each year. In addition, some 1,200 - 1,500 preschool age children are recognized each year to have cerebral palsy.""
Abstract This paper attempts to investigate parents/caregivers' experiences with neurodevelopment intervention for children who suffer from cerebral palsy. The paper discusses four variables that influence the parent/caregiver experience. The paper explains that neurodevelopment treatment (NDT) is able to deliver treatment programs that are unique and tailor-made for every individual and this makes it relatively more successful than other treatment programs. The paper hopes that the research will change the way treatment-providers deal with parents/caregivers of children with mental disorders.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Summary of Some Important Findings
Dependent Variable
Independent Variables
Research Questions
Methodology
Ethical Issues
Data Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "Studies have shown that families have a great influence on the growth and development of handicapped children. The impact of handicapped children on the family is also well documented (Fewell, 1986). Amongst all mental disorders, Cerebral Palsy has shown to have the most profound impact on both families and children (Schleichkorn, 1983). Cerebral palsy has been defined as a mental disorder, which originates either before, or during, or immediately after birth, which restricts physical movement of a child. Gersh (1991a: 1991b) proved that children who suffer from restricted physical movement due to a brain disorder are more than likely to suffer from additional disorders, which too need special care."
Abstract This paper discusses the work of the physicist John Bell, who's great recognized achievement occurred during the 1960s when he brought new life into the foundations of quantum theory. It examines how Bell demonstrated that discussion of such concepts as 'realism', 'determinism' and 'locality' could be formed into a rigorous mathematical statement, 'Bell's Theorem?, which is capable of experimental test. It looks at how his work has become a point of interest for scientists throughout the world who have found applications not only in quantum theory, but in investigations of the physical universe as well and how current applications of Bell's Inequality have been found in the development of quantum computing and quantum cryptography.
From the Paper "Quantum mechanics, however, fails to satisfy Bell's Inequality. He predicts correlations that cross over boundaries that are delineated by the structure of that inequality. Quantum mechanics predicts "odd" correlations that seem to defy a common, classical conception of reality, and in fact it is for basically this type of reason that Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen argued in 1935 that it was incomplete. The formulation of Bell's Inequality, however, allowed the possibility for determining, through experiment, which was right: quantum mechanics or a local reality theory of the sort Einstein postulated, because it stated what must be the case in our experiments if a locally real theory is correct."
Abstract This paper explains that, in Poe's poem, ?The Bells?, each stanza represents a phase of life, moving from the happy moments at birth and ending with the melancholy moments of death. The author points out that, in the first stanza of the poem, the bells the poet describes are silver bells that deliver a merry melody; in the second stanza, the mellow wedding bells ring in delight, foretelling a "world of happiness". The paper relates that, in the third stanza, the images become darker and less pleasant, sounding like a "tale of terror"; in the fourth stanza, the poet reveals that the bells, transformed from silver and gold to a rusty iron, are tolling.
From the Paper "This image is one of peace and calm. We can almost see the golden notes floating through the night air with the turtle-dove listening peacefully under the bright moon. The images of the bells swinging, ringing, rhyming, and chiming are positive and filled with energy. Because the poet makes a point of mentioning wedding bells, we can assume that this segment of the poem represents the next stage in life, which is marriage. Because the ringing bells swell and dwell "on the future" (29), we are left with a feeling of hope for the future."
Abstract This paper is about Alexander Graham Bell. The author addresses his early life and his contributions to the revolutionary world. The author discusses the historical context of Bell's era: the social and psychic needs of people during the time and the developments in communication taking place and how these impacted on Bell's creation of the telephone.
From the Paper "Alexander Graham Bell lived in an era of rapid change. Change was occurring in every aspect of life including the economy, population, transportation, and communication. Even the people's needs and wants were changing. The era that he lived in was called the transportation and communication revolution. Alec is responsible for half of this revolution. His innovations in communication were of a global magnitude. The telephone is the world's most influential innovation in communication. It revolutionized the way the world communicated. It hastened all aspects of life and made previous method of communication almost obsolete."
Abstract The paper sheds light on the central idea of the poem, ?The Bells? by Poe. The poem revolves around different phases of human life and connects them to chiming of bells. ?The Bells? is considered a near-perfect example of a poetic device called onomatopoeia.
From the Paper "The Bells? on first reading would appear to be a happy song, which talks about various stages of man's life and the significance of different sounds. But in-depth analysis reveals that this poem is actually more autobiographical in nature and though it does mention the four stages that man goes through, it is by no means a happy song. This brings us to the central idea of the poem. The poem chronicles four stages of man's life with first being the happiest yet shortest and last two being saddest yet longer. Man's childhood is the sunniest time of his life but it lasts for a brief period whereas maturity and near-death moments are saddest and highly undesirable yet they appear to last a very long time. It is important to understand here that keeping in view these thoughts, Poe deliberately gave his first two stanzas fewer lines than the last two. He did not specifically complain about the shortness of childhood or youth, yet he wants to convey this idea through the number of lines that these stanzas contain. The sudden leap from short to long stanzas surprises the readers and make them think about the obvious and deliberately created difference."
This paper discusses the work of contemporary poet Marvin Bell, the author of numerous books on poetry, winner of many prestigious awards and the first Poet Laureate of Iowa.
Abstract This paper explains that the poetry of Marvin Bell questions existential aspects of life, which are often taken for granted such as relationships, nature and the concepts of who and what a person is. The author points out that a central characteristic of Bell's work is the use of comparatively simple and colloquial forms of speech and word usage including nature imagery, which refers to everyday sights and sounds. The paper relates that, in his work, Bell stresses his need to "express the inexpressible" as the process he uses in his writings.
From the Paper "What the poem does is it make us realize the mystery of self in that self cannot be defined or capture in a concrete sense but rather is "beyond words", and is essentially inexpressible. An analysis of the poem reveals that the identity of nature cannot be categorized or captured; just as much as human identity is continually moving and changing. It is this sense of mystery and the sense of the depth of complexity of the self and nature which lies at the heart of much of Bell's poetry."
Abstract This paper discusses that, while meter and rhyme in Poe's poem ?The Bells? is magical in its own right, these patterns also contribute greatly to the overall effect of the poem. The author feels that rhyme goes hand-in-hand with meter to create the overall mood and tone of Poe's ?The Bells.? The paper explains that, although each stanza begins and ends with the same metric pattern, trochaic octameter with frequent catalexis, and rhyme scheme, Poe mixes up the meter and rhyme within each stanza.
From the Paper "The bulk of the stanza bodies is composed in trochaic octameter with alternating catalexis. The first stanza is almost entirely catalectic except for the two lines in the middle: ?While the / stars that / over / sprinkle // All the / heavens / seem to / twinkle.? Similarly, Poe includes lines without catalexis in all the stanzas, and about at the same point in the overall metric pattern and often with the same exact rhyme pattern as well: in the second stanza, the line without catalexis ends in an ?-ing? word, ?ringing,? just as in the first stanza. In the third stanza: ?By the / twanging // And the / clanging,? and in the fourth: ?Feel a / glory / in so / rolling.?"
