Abstract
The paper contends that advances in imaging technology, made over the past five decades, have enabled the recognition of many of the cognitive and behavioural correlates of organic brain impairments. As a result, a new range of psychological tools has been developed that have proven effective as diagnostic indicators of lesions or other malfunctions. The paper concentrates on the frontal lobe regions. It reviews the types of damage that occur and the behavioural patterns and problems associated with them. The paper then examines and reviews measures that have been formulated to assess the nature and extent of that frontal lobe damage.

From the Paper
"The idea of cerebral localisation of psychological functions has existed in various forms since Gall (1935), but only recently have researchers been able to locate specific psychological processes to particular brain structures with any confidence; and studies of malfunction have been found to hold critical value here in identifying normal functioning. Kolb and Whishaw (2003) offer five discrete categories of psychological abnormality associated with frontal lobe lesions: (1) disturbances of motor functions; (2) loss of divergent thinking; (3) impaired response inhibition and inflexible behaviour; (4) poor temporal memory, and (5) impaired social and sexual behaviour imaging. Evidence, however, suggests a degree of overlap and interaction between categories. For the present analysis, the 'cognitive' categories, (2) and (4), will be discussed together, as will the categories relating to social behaviour and inhibition: (3) and (5)."

Tags:brain, psychological, abnormality, cognitive, cortex, dysfunctional

Abstract
The paper describes the case study subject's behaviour that conforms to the anxiety and fearful complaints found in the Cluster C personality disorder in the DSM. The paper focuses on her dependent personality disorder as well as her avoidant personality disorder, and provides the psychodynamic and cognitive perspectives on these disorders. The paper offers a comparison of cognitive behavioural therapy and psychodynamic therapy and reaches the conclusion that some form of brief psychodynamic therapy would be the best option for her treatment.

Outline:
Psychodynamic Perspective on Dependent Personality Disorder
Cognitive Perspective on Dependent Personality Disorder
Psychodynamic perspective on Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD)
Cognitive Perspective on Avoidant Personality Disorder (AVPD)
Comparison of Cognitive Behavioural therapy and Psychodynamic Therapy
Conclusion

From the Paper
"This case study involves Sally, a 41-year-old mother of two school age children. She appears to be attempting some counselling which we must assume she has done through her own volition possibly due to the need to corral her often explosive emotional states and behavioural swings. It also appears that she has begun an adult relationship at the age of 14 as she confesses to have had conflict within that relationship at that time. Such early attachments to another individual may certainly indicate an attachment disorder of some kind. Many research studies have indicated that early attachment relationships provide an important foundation for later development and that a secure attachment may serve as a protective factor against the negative impact of various adversities and risk factors (Egeland & Erickson, 1999). Here there may be more insecure attachment involved as the case unfolds. Furthermore, there is certainly some lack of parenting as evident by her being allowed to form such an intense relationship as a 'partner' at 14. Furthermore, six years later, due to possibly increasing conflict, her partner threatened to leave her and Sally then threatened suicide. She also admits that she had often done so in the past in order to manipulate the situation, an unequivocal indication of a dependent personality disorder."

Tags:dependent, personality, avoidant, personality, cognitive, behaviour, therapy, psychodynamic, therapy

Abstract
The paper discusses the theoretical and historical foundations of cognitive and behavioural therapy; they are compared and contrasted and their relevance to social work practice is illuminated. As time allows, the following items are explored: the historical origins of each therapy; major contributors to the development/application of each; main sub-divisions of each therapy; strengths and limitations of each one and the similarities and differences between the two branches of therapy. The paper then looks at how a social worker might incorporate these therapies into his or her practice.

From the Paper
"The following paper will discuss the theoretical and historical foundations of cognitive and behavioural therapy; they will be compared and contrasted and their relevance to social work practice will be illuminated. As time allows, the following items will be explored: the historical origins of each therapy; major contributors to the development/application of each; main sub-divisions of each therapy; strengths and limitations of each one; similarities and differences between the two branches of therapy. The paper will then look at how a..."

Tags:psychology, cognitive, therapy

Abstract
This paper examines cognitive behavioural therapy and how is used in psychotherapy. First, a discussion of the founder of this method is discussed. The background behind his developing this theory are presented. Then the various disorders for which CBT is appropriate is analyzed. Finally, criticisms of the psychological theory are debated.

From the Paper
"Some time ago, behavior therapy have no reltionshpis with cognitions, such as perceptions, evaluations or expectations. Behavior theory only studied behavior that could be observed and measured. Scientific research has found that , etc. are all human experiences that affect behavior. But our behavior affects perceptions, expectations, values, attitudes, personal evaluations of self, fears, desires, which are cognitive experiences. Thus, cognitive and behavioral experiences were assembled together, and the science get the name of Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)."

Tags:albert, behavior, behavioral, cbt, cognitive, ellis, emotive, psycology, rational, therapy

Abstract
The paper discusses the positive developmental attributes that are acquired by childhood play, including health, cognitive development and personality development. The paper relates that recently, levels and types of childhood play activities have changed significantly; this report attempts to identify how these changes in childhood are affecting adult health behaviours. The paper outlines the method of the study and how it reaches the conclusion that if more active play was encouraged in childhood it would have a positive effect on adult health behaviours.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Discussion

From the Paper
"Play is such an integral part of childhood that it is recognised by the United Nations as essential for all children. There are many long and short term benefits of good levels of childhood play for individuals. These will be discussed briefly. Recent studies have indicated that childhood play has important links with cognitive development. A major component of childhood play is pretense. That is the child placing themselves in imaginary situations and characterisations. For this to take place the player must be able to use many cognitive processes such as joint planning, negotiation, problem solving and goal seeking (Bergen 2000)."

Tags:pretense, imagination, video, games, diet, exercise

Abstract
From the 1950s onwards, behavioural ecologists have explained animal behaviour in terms of quantitative models. The key goal of their research has been to figure out why animals will forage for one food type over another, or why animals select one particular mate over another.

From the Paper
Neuroeconomics Introduction: The beginning of math and behaviour Back in the 1800s, philosophers discussed human behaviour in terms of what we now consider mathematical or economic terms. Mathematical theories of probability and valuation became increasingly the "centerpieces around which all quantitative thinking in the social and behavioural sciences was organized" (Glimcher 206). This probability theory was to become the foundation for economics as we know it, including the behavioural sciences that have grown to accompany economics. The Emergence of the Behavioural Ecologist

Tags:neuroeconomics, behaviour, selection

Abstract
Cumulative records reveal a history of behavioural and learning problems. In kindergarten John showed difficulties with learning the alphabet and numbers, as well as printing letters. He also displayed problems with focusing on tasks, which led to outbursts of frustration.

From the Paper
Track 2 Individualized Program Plans Case 1 Student Information Name: John Grade: 7 Age: 12 School: Brookville Junior High School Relevant Background Information John lives with his father, stepmother and younger sister. Parents have demonstrated willingness to work with John at home, reading assignments to him and scribing written answers for him.

Tags:plan, program, individual

Abstract
The paper relates that gambling activities, such as the card game poker, have become increasingly popular forms of entertainment over the years; once a round-the-table household activity for men, poker games now constitute major attractions in casinos. However, the paper reveals that many individuals have developed patterns of gambling behaviour characterized by addiction and loss of control, and this has occurred to the extent that gambling addiction groups are sprouting up all across the world. The paper shows how gambling activities such as poker provoke addictive behavioural responses, which should be recognized as such by society as a whole.

From the Paper
"Gambling activities, such as the card game poker, have become increasingly popular forms of entertainment over the years. Once a round-the-table household activity for men, poker games now constitute major attractions in casinos. However, many individuals have developed patterns of gambling behaviour characterized by addiction and loss of control. This has occurred to the extent that gambling addiction groups are sprouting up all across the world. It is evident that gambling activities such as poker..."

Tags:poker, addictive, gambling

Abstract
This paper discusses how gambling activities, such as the card game poker, have become increasingly popular forms of entertainment over the years and how, once a round-the-table household activity for men, poker games now constitute major attractions in casinos. It looks at how many individuals have developed patterns of gambling behaviour characterized by addiction and loss of control and how this has occurred to the extent that gambling addiction groups are sprouting up all across the world. The paper also contends that gambling activities such as poker provoke addictive behavioural responses, which should be recognized as such by society as a whole.

Outline:
Introduction
An Addiction
Research on Poker: Gender Differences?
Conclusion: Cause for Action - An Increasing Problem

From the Paper
"Poker is one of the most common forms of gambling, and one of the oldest. As a legalized form of gambling, many gambling addicts are poker addicts (or slot addicts, or horse betting addicts, etc). Pathological gambling is recognized as a disorder of impulse control in the DSM-IV, though it was first listed in the DSM III in 1980 (Black & Moyer, 1998, p. 1434). The DSM-IV criteria recognizes pathological gambling as a serious disorder whereby individuals: are preoccupied with gambling; need to gamble in increasing amounts of money; report repeated unsuccessful efforts to cut down or stop gambling; become restless and/or irritable when attempting to cut down on gambling; are tempted to return to gambling to "break even"; lie to conceal the extent of gambling; jeopardize their relationships with others owing to gambling; may lose their job owing to gambling; and rely on others to relieve their desperate financial situation caused by gambling (Petry & Armentano, p. 1022). "

Tags:casinos, entertainment

Abstract
This paper discusses the use of theories within social work in order to inform practice. In particular it compares two popular theories, cognitive behavioural therapy and task-centred work. It attempts to show some of the positive and negative aspects of the theories involved, in relation to service user's feelings at being the beneficiary of such work. It also looks at how the use of theories can influence the levels of empowerment, an anti-oppressive practice within social work, and the level of service user participation attained by the use of such theories.

From the Paper
"Task-centred theory has five states to its approach which are exploring problems, reaching an agreement, identifying and objective, task achievement and finally termination of the work (Howe 1987). It is an approach which focuses on how individuals interact within their own environment, in order for improvements to be made in their current circumstances, by the accomplishment of negotiated and easily achievable tasks. This method relies on the service user making decisions about what they want changing and enables them to identify resources they already have in order to achieve this. This approach can increase the awareness and self esteem of service users and is in direct contrast to the theory of labelling (Coulshed and Orme 1998).
"

Tags:empowerment, oppression, tasks