Abstract
This paper describes and analyzes a study that provides a perspective on the psychology of criminal conduct in relation to Battered Woman Syndrome. The paper reviews relevant literature on Battered Woman Syndrome, further describing it as the psychological and behavioral symptoms of women involved in abusive relationships. In this respect, Battered Woman Syndrome identifies two critical concepts in relation to legal defenses which are terned learned helplessness and the cycle of violence.

From the Paper
"The current study provides a perspective on the psychology of criminal conduct in relation to Battered Woman Syndrome. As a review of relevant literature reveals, Battered Woman Syndrome describes the psychological and behavioral symptoms of women involved in abusive relationships. In this respect, Battered Woman Syndrome identifies two critical concepts in relation to legal defenses. These components include: learned helplessness and the cycle of violence. As a legal defense in criminal cases involving..."

Tags:battered woman syndrome, syndrome defenses, rape tra

Abstract
This paper briefly discusses autism and William's Syndrome, further describing the physical, cognitive and social/emotional characteristics of each disorder. The paper also provides specific examples of behaviors associated with these maladies. Finally, the report concludes by describing appropriate treatments.

From the Paper
"The following paper will briefly discuss autism and William's Syndrome. In so doing, the paper will look at the physical, cognitive and social/emotional characteristics of each disorder; the paper will also provide specific examples of behaviours associated with these maladies. Finally, the report will conclude by describing appropriate treatments. Autism: the physical characteristics The sources this writer has consulted are not unequivocal, but it does appear as though autism is frequently accompanied by lesions or structural..."

Tags:life, development, syndrome

Abstract
This paper discusses the complexities and mysteries surrounding fragile X syndrome. After explaining that fragile X syndrome is a serious genetic disorder that is believed to be the most common form of inherited metal impairment, the paper then attempts to clear up the confusion and misconceptions that surround the syndrome.

Table of Contents
Fragile X Syndrome: The Basics
Causes of Fragile X Syndrome
Females' Milder Symptoms: Explanation
Characteristics
Physical Characteristics
Cognitive Impairments
Behavioral Issues
Sensory Issues and Hypersensitivity
Speech and Language
Treatment

From the Paper
"Fragile X syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes a variety of physical, behavioral, cognitive, sensory, social and speech problems that present themselves at birth. The symptoms are often similar to those with autism, especially in males. In fact, around one-third of all children diagnosed with fragile X syndrome are also diagnosed as autistic, and fragile X syndrome is the most common known cause of autism. The main difference between fragile X syndrome and autism, however, is that children with fragile X syndrome are usually much more interested in social interactions than are autistic children."

Tags:flat, feet, inappropriate, autistic-like, social, behaviors, molecular, abnormalities, hereditary, factors

Abstract
The paper describes Asperger syndrome (AS) as a high-functioning disorder that is part of the autism spectrum. The paper explores the literature to provide a concise definition of AS and looks at various interventions being used to address behavioral, social, academic and medical issues. The paper shows how although there is no "cure" for this condition, there are many ways to manage life with AS and in addition, educate all those affected directly and indirectly by the condition. An appendix of facts about Asperger syndrome is included with the paper.

Outline:
Abstract
Condition
Interventions
Efficacy/Effectiveness Research
Summary

From the Paper
"Asperger Syndrome (AS) is a condition that is part of the autistic spectrum first described and discussed by Austrian psychiatrist Hans Asperger. It is often categorized as a type of high functioning autism under the umbrella of Pervasive Developmental Disorders. "Autism is defined as a spectrum of social impairments, ranging from mute lack of awareness...to the high functioning autism or Asperger Syndrome end of the continuum..." (Schopler, 2001, p.13). According to the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), a Pervasive Developmental Disorder is characterized by "severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development: reciprocal social interaction skills, communication skills, or the presence of stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities" (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, p. 64)."

Tags:autism, communication, behavior, impairment, interaction, relationships

Abstract
This paper presents working guidelines for martial arts instructon and discusses how the instructor can teach children with Asperger's syndrome to sustain focus on training. The paper first discusses the challenges related to martial arts that a child with Asperger's syndrome faces. The paper then focuses on how children with Asperger's syndrome can be taught how to maintain their concentration during martial arts training.

Table of Contents:
Introduction: Recognizing Asperger's Syndrome Children
Typical Displays of the Inability to Sustain Focus
Root Causes of the Maladaptive Behaviors
Connecting with Asperger's Syndrome Children
Adjusting the Teaching Environment and Methods
Creating the Best Learning Environment
Teaching Concentration and Training Behavior as Skills
Adjusting Learning Objectives and Approach
Building a Calm, Productive Rapport
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Moreover, the experience with martial arts can be a critical turning point for AS children. With enough understanding of Asperger's Syndrome, martial arts instructors can make a profound and positive change to support the children's self-confidence, social competence and school experiences. With that solid foundation they will function well in the workplace as adults. Many AS children are exceptionally intelligent and will develop deep knowledge of their areas of interest, making them fully capable of making important contributions to the arts and sciences."

Tags:behavior, focus, teaching, student, training, AS

Abstract
This paper critiques a study to determine clinical efficacy of cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IRB) in hospital-based outpatients. The paper discusses patient selection, variables and results.

From the Paper
"The purpose of the study was to determine clinical efficacy of cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IRB) in hospital-based outpatient patients. An experimental study with IBS patients referred by physicians was conducted. Patients were randomly assigned to CBGT or SMTC treatment groups..."

Tags:CBGT, IRB, patients, hospital, cognitive-heavioral, group therapy

Abstract
This paper discusses fragile X syndrome, the specific collection of often quite diverse physical, behavioral and mental afflictions that are caused by a specific gene change. The paper discusses the range of symptoms and concerns regarding the transmission of the syndrome as well as the controversy over attempting to identify carriers of the syndrome.

From the Paper
"Medical ethicists like Dorothy Nelkin oppose such programs, even with the parent's consent, arguing that the school system should treat the symptoms of the syndrome, if it is present--in short, an autistic-like Fragile X sufferer should be treated in the same method as a child with autism with another cause, just as a Fragile X sufferer experiencing difficulty reading should receive resource room help. The argument is that because the level of impairment is so varied, a relatively mildly impaired child could be unfairly tarnished with the label of hopelessly unable to learn because of a genetic defect. Of course, the issue of genetic testing is, invariably a thorny one, as is the danger of identifying a child with a mild case as 'marked' may do more harm than good, and stigmatize him or her for life. Nelkin even argues that there is a danger that "a false diagnosis of Fragile-X could stigmatize a child as potentially disabled" wrongfully (Nelkin 1996: 540). However, there is no denying that this disease is genetic, and an unidentified individual could pass on the trait to his or her offspring."

Tags:DNA, impairment, carrier, defect

Abstract
This paper takes a look at Asperger syndrome. According to the paper, Asperger syndrome is similar to autism yet is distinctly different. The paper reports that while individuals with autism are generally withdrawn and uninterested in the world around them, individuals with Asperger syndrome truly want to be socially involved, yet have difficulty in the areas requiring social, behavioral, motor and sensory skills.

From the Paper
"According to Bauer, one of the most useful and interesting sources on outcome has come from observing parents and relatives of children with Asperger Syndrome, for they themselves seem to have the disorder. These observations strongly indicate that Asperger Syndrome does not "preclude the potential for a more 'normal' adult life" (Bauer 1996). More often than not, adults with Asperger Syndrome will naturally gravitate to a career or job that relates to their special interest area, often becoming very proficient (Bauer 1996). Although many students with this disorder often complete college and even graduate school, in the majority of cases they will continue to exhibit, to some extent, "subtle differences in social interactions" (Bauer1996). While many of these adults do marry, they will likely continue to be challenged by the emotional and social demands of marriage. Moreover, notes Bauer, their "rigidity of style and idiosyncratic perspective on the world can make interactions difficult, both in and out of the family" (Bauer 1996). They are also vulnerable to emotional problems such as depression and anxiety, thus may eventually seek out psychiatrist and other mental health care professionals, yet they may likely be misdiagnosed and the true nature of their problems go unrecognized (Bauer 1996). "

Tags:nonverbal, social, cues, motor, skills, language, development, intimate, relationships, emotional

Abstract
The paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes how fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is diagnosed, and the effects of FAS both physically and mentally on children and adults. The paper discusses how fetal alcohol syndrome is a pervasive disease that affects both mother and child. The paper examines how FAS can cause both physical and mental symptoms in each patient. The paper concludes that diagnosis indicates even a small amount of alcohol can have neuro-behavioral effects on the child, thus it is imperative to identify the problem in the mother early in the pregnancy and advise against alcohol consumption.

Outline:
Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
References

From the Paper
"If the mother drinks during pregnancy, and many scientists believe even one drink can have an effect, then the child will probably have some sort of damage. The entire group of disorders is usually referred to as FAS or FASD (Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder). This disorder can create a number of physical, mental, and behavioral effects in the children born with it, and these symptoms can last into adulthood and throughout life. FAS is a serious disorder with equally serious consequences. Diagnosis can be difficult, but early diagnosis is crucial for treatment and management of the disorder."

Tags:gestation, prenatal, wine, beer, binge, drinking, low, socioeconomic

Abstract
This paper gives a detailed discussion on the characteristics of FAS, including statistics. It expands on the effects of the syndrome,and the author explores the reasons why this syndrome effects specific demographic groups. Finally the paper researches the academic and behavioral consequences for the FAS child, and means of prevention.

From the Paper
"Also quite disturbing is that FAS children frequently do not accept the consequences of their bad behavior, either to themselves, their peers, or their family; they do not view their actions as wrong and are baffled by or angered by punishment. They are very susceptible to peer pleasure and may have a warped view of the morality taught to them. In essence, these children could become powder kegs in their classrooms; this behavior occasionally even leads to sexual aggression and criminal activity (1-3). Although the academic and behavioral consequences of FAS can appear quite grim, students with the disease have also achieved success in their scholastic careers."

Tags:children, statistics, prevention, effects, demographics