Abstract This paper discusses sleep deprivation in children and refers to studies conducted on the topic. The paper states that children with insufficient sleep showed a lower performance on tests associated with complex tasks as well as a significant correlation between sleep quality and neuro-behavioral functioning. The paper states that these children also had a higher rate of behavioralproblems as reported by their parents. The paper continues by relating that there is a relationship linking ADHD with poor sleep since daytime symptoms of insufficient sleep in children overlap with those of ADHD. The paper questions the primary problem and further asks whether ADHD results in behavioral and other sleep disorders, or do primary sleep disorders result in ADHD? The paper concludes that a thorough evaluation of the problem and a treatment plan is required.
From the Paper " One study suggests that preteens are not getting enough sleep to meet their daily physical and mental needs. This comes from a study of 140 Israeli students in grades two, four, and six. The results show that sleep onset time in second grade was more that one hour earlier than that in sixth grade. The sixth graders reported increased morning drowsiness compared with those of the younger grades. The researchers state the reason for the later sleep onset time is not due to their physiological needs as much as psychosocial reasons. They have increased school demands, a need to feel more like adults by having a more active night life, and there are incentives to stay up later like late-night television shows and internet surfing. The study also links poor sleeping habits with lower maternal education, and adds family stress, illness, and emotional turmoil to the causes."
Abstract This paper looks at the idea of education and behavioralproblems, with special reference to three major schools of thought and philosophies, these are Apple and Beane and their Democratic School theory, Kohn and Glasser.
This paper looks at Alex Molnar's approach to changing behavior and argues that even though Molnar's approach is an old idea, it is still one of the best.
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that throughout the country, at-risk adolescents regularly experience many varied behavioralproblems in school, including low grades or proficiency scores, a high number of school absences, disciplinary infractions, grade retention and dropping out. In many cases, the writer notes that the continual experiences of economic pressure, unstable family relationships, and a negative environment, in conjunction with the stress and uncertainty of daily life responsibilities and expectations may be too overwhelming to handle. The writer maintains that an approach by Alex Molnar for changing behavior, that dates back to the 1980s, is a reversal of this negative paradigm - thinking that a student has a positive reason for his/her behavior. The writer claims that this is an old way of looking at an old problem in a new way. The writer concludes that what Molnar suggests for educators to do unfortunately goes contrary to standard human behavior--thinking the worst before the best. However, as shown many times, if these teachers are able to transpose their own thoughts and behaviors, they can greatly enhance the entire classroom ecosystem.
Outline:
Introduction
Conclusion
From the Paper "Although problematic behavior by adolescents has long been a given at public schools in the United States, it was not until the end of the 19th century that cities began to face the issue and only early in the 20th century that an emphasis was placed on the emotional health needs of these troubled youths. Since then, this issue has received increasing prominence with the dissemination of numerous studies, models, and authoritative reports on how to work with children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral needs by educators and government."
"Studies began to research information about the causations of problem behavior, which was then incorporated into specific prevention and intervention programs. As they began to analyze similar problem areas, researchers recognized the common antecedents."
Abstract This paper discusses the phenomenon of defiant and destructive behavior among adolescents. The paper examines research done by Hill Walker that addresses the growing problem of anti-social behavior in schools and its impact on safety, effectiveness, and ecology in those schools. The paper presents Robert J. Harrison's research on overt categorical aggression in children and adolescents referred for psychiatric consultation. A more recent study by Ester Schaler Buchholz, which linked adolescent self-image and related behavioral decisions, is also covered in the paper.
From the Paper "Defiant and destructive behaviour is prevalent enough among adolescents that it has been the subject of myriad research investigations in recent years. Some of the research attempts to explain the behaviour itself, while other research attempts instead to offer corrective actions for what it views a priori as a significant problem in society. Walker, in a study reported in the journal Exceptional Children in 2000, address "the growing problem of antisocial behavior in schools and its impact on safety, effectiveness, and ecology" in those schools. Walker's work also focused on screening and early intervention for children and adolescents at risk for adopting antisocial patterns of behaviours."
Abstract The following discussion provides an evaluation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the treatment of a female patient who suffers from alcoholism and depression. The writer points out that it is expected that this type of therapy is highly effective in the treatment of these problems, as it provides a greater understanding of the negative influences in life, as well as the positive.
From the Paper "For individuals that develop any number of psychological or emotional problems that require professional intervention, it is necessary to consider the many options that are available. There is a necessity to utilize specific techniques in order to treat such problems as depression and alcoholism, amongst others. With this in mind, the purpose of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a means of offering support for the management of these problems is a critical step in a positive direction for many patients. A wide body of research supports Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as an effective treatment for a variety of disorders, including the issues related to alcoholism and depression. The following discussion describes a specific case study involving a young female, who has suffered from serious bouts of alcoholism and depression concurrently, and has initiated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a means of supporting her wellness regimen."
This paper reviews the 2003 report written by Karen Olness in the "Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics" called "Effects On Brain Development Leading To Cognitive Impairment: A Worldwide Epidemic".
Abstract This paper explains that the article "Effects On Brain Development Leading To Cognitive Impairment: A Worldwide Epidemic" is both a technical overview of some possible causes of mental and other cognitive impairments in children in developing countries and a cry for help. The author points out that Dr. Olness states that iron deficiency suffered in infancy has been attributed to behaviorproblems in children such as anxiety, depression, social problem and other attention issues. The author of this paper believes that these cognitive brain issues are preventable by giving pregnant mothers and infants iron supplements; however, the resources needed to prevent famine situations are too limited at best in second-world nations and nonexistent in third-world nations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Plot
My Thoughts & Do I Agree/Disagree
Conclusion
From the Paper "Unfortunately, according to the author, cognitive limitations in children appear to be on the rise. Because the majority of these cases are in underdeveloped poor nations, medical help or professional expertise is limited or totally nonexistent. The fact that many of the associated causes of these cognitive concerns stem from malnutrition makes this even a bigger concern as famine continues to spread as the rich get richer and the poor die."
A review of an article about General Motors that appeared in CBC, followed by an analysis of the problems that General Motors is facing and various suggested solutions.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, 2005, $ 71.95
Abstract The paper discusses an article from the CBC (attached) which focuses on the 2nd quarter losses for General Motors corporations, exceeding $236 million. The paper discusses the article, and then provides an analysis of the companies problems using organizational behavior strategies. The paper further discusses the Total Quality Management system and how this program would benefit general Motors over time.
Abstract This paper discusses the impact that diet has on human behavior. The paper first looks at how serotonin, an important neurotransmitter involved in mood, sensory perception, pain suppression, sleep and appetite, is highly impacted by diet. Research that shows that a diet high in carbohydrates tends to increase serotonin levels is examined. The paper then explores how long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega 3, 6, and 9 may impact behavior by having a direct impact on neural function. The paper refers to studies that highlighted how deficiencies in vitamins, minerals and fatty acids could lead to behavioralproblems, as well as a study that found that students with decreased overall diet quality were significantly correlated to students who performed poorly on an academic assessment. The paper therefore concludes from the research that a healthy and balanced diet meeting the recommended daily allowance of vitamins and minerals, and providing essential fatty acids is one important step to be taken in improving human performance and behavior, and overall mental and physical health.
From the Paper "There is significant evidence to suggest that diet has a profound impact on human behavior. In such complex issues as human diet and behavior, it is difficult to attribute specific dietary elements to their psychological impacts. It is quite apparent that a healthy body helps sustain a healthy brain, but the specific dietary attributions are largely speculative. Many vitamins, minerals, and amino acids are vital to cognitive functioning and affect production of chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine (Massachusets General Hospital, 2006). Studies have shown that dietary correction or supplementation can reduce antisocial behavior and violent tendencies in incarcerated adults (Gesh, 2002) and adolescents (Schoenthaler, 1997), and improve cognitive functioning (Rogers, 2007) and academic performance (Florence, 2008)."
Abstract This paper explains that, rather than arguing who is at fault for problems of youth, constructive solutions to address the inequalities of society must be enacted now to aid students experiencing difficulties. The author points out that poor behavior can be traced to young people who have lost their dreams for life after graduation. The paper states that schools must create a viable culture to outweigh negative influences by simultaneously validating the difficulties of students, yet offering them a comprehensive guidance, and by mentoring the network, which challenges their minds, yet provides them with concrete ways of resisting negative pressures.
From the Paper "This is not because their parents are bad parents, quite often it is because society has given little impetus to these children?s? parents to view education as a worthwhile investment of time and labor, as opposed to immediately remunerative jobs. Sometimes even this is not even the case, and parents find themselves caught in a cycle of welfare dependence, because the working world has similarly been discriminatory and unrewarding as was their own educational environment. Also, student's peers, even when students come from more supportive home environments, can also create a culture and climate both within and without of school walls that fosters as sense of disenfranchisement."
Abstract The paper examines the literature on the adverse outcomes for children from single parent families and focuses on three quantitative studies and the statistical methods used. The paper concludes that there appears to be a significantly higher risk of mental and physical ill health, substance abuse and educational and behavioralproblems for children raised in single parent families. The paper notes the different statistical methods and data sets used in these different studies that lend further support to this hypothesis. The paper concludes that policy makers need to consider the health and educational needs which are specific to single parent families.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the Problem Literature Review
Findings
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Single parent families comprise a significant portion of the American population, and so it is important to identify the specific needs of this group. Studies which have been conducted indicate that children from single parent families are at an increased risk of mental and physical ill health, and are at increased risk of some specific problems including schizophrenia and psychosis. In addition, children from single parent families are also at increased risk of substance abuse and some other educational and behavioral problems. The large number of studies, across different countries, using different data sets and statistical methods, which give similar conclusions indicates the validity of the data. This therefore supports the theory that policy makers need to take account of there being health and educational needs which are specific to single parent families."
Abstract This paper begins by explaining that behavior therapy is dependent on the belief that a person's psychology is learned and can, therefore, also be unlearned. The paper then looks at the major psychologists who used behavior therapy, including B.F. Skinner and Arnold Lazarus. The paper the looks at the key components of behavior therapy, the philosophy behind it, and the relationship between the counselor and patient.
From the Paper "The second key aspect of behavior therapy is based on the individual learning new behaviors. This learning behavior can take several forms. Systematic desensitization is where classical conditioning is used to change a person's response to a stimulus. Operant conditioning uses reward and punishment to change behavior. The common feature regardless of how the new behaviors are learned is that they replace the learning that caused the unsuitable behavior, and in doing so, alter the behavior."
Tags: patient, care, psychologist, problem, crime, skinner, lazarus, arnold
This paper looks at the abnormalities within human behaviors in four different works of literature: Swift in 'A Modest Proposal', Anton Chekhov in 'Enemies', Frank Kafka in 'The Metamorphosis' and Wordsworth's poem: 'World is Too Much With Us'.
Abstract This paper compares the way in which these poets and writers examine the dysfunctional behavior of society. Swift attacks abortions and death of young babies to unwed Irish mothers, Chekhov is embittered about his childhood, Kafka presents a bleak picture of human nature and Wordsworth thinks that the problems of the world are too much to bare. It concludes that normality and abnormality is defined by the needs of the humans within a society and thus dependent more on the perspective than the actual morality and sociology of the act.
From the Paper "In 1729, Jonathan Swift, wrote the Modest Proposal, the greatest short satirical piece in the English language. Completely appalled at the abortions and murders of the Catholic Irish children born of unwed peasant mothers he writes this proposal that attacks the English politicians. In trying to make known such inhumane acts from desperate mothers he makes his protagonist an American, who the British consider, 'uncivilized." Through his protagonist he pens the words that shatter the emotional balance of the people who like living in conditional ignorance. He writes, "I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London," he writes in a satire that became a classic of English literature, "that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome food whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout." "
Abstract This paper examines moderate behavioralproblems in both adults and in children in respect to how such behaviors can be altered or prevented altogether.
Abstract In this article, the writer relates that, for years, psychologists have studied how individual human beings make decisions; how men and women process information, pool their ideas and arrive at workable solutions to problems. Further, the writer notes that behavioral psychologists analyze and quantify the full range of cognitive processes. The writer then points out that a corporation ultimately arrives at its decisions in much the same way as an individual, or collection of individuals. In addition, the writer maintains that the successful business is not static in its organization; rather it is a learning organization. The writer concludes that success is based on continued learning and working together.
From the Paper "Change is the new constant. Old ideas and methods must give way to new challenges if today's businesses are to survive in a global environment. Globalism demands an ability to adapt to rapidly changing circumstances; a talent for understanding different cultures; for working in different legal and regulatory environments. A company must be able to employ the latest technology and the most qualified personnel. A modern learning organization is shaped by its organizational behavioral paradigm."
"The significance of change, and the concomitant importance of adapting to that change, makes the behavioral structure of a successful modern business much like the behavioral mindset of a successful entrepreneur - the main difference being that the first is an organization, while the second is an individual."
Abstract The hypothesis being tested in this paper is whether children who display poor reading skills in first grade have a 90% chance of continuing to have poor reading skills three years later. The paper examines how, based on a review of 25 studies, 50% of children in third grade exhibiting emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) also had reading achievement lower than expected, based on their assessed intellectual levels. The also paper discusses how, in addition to EBD and learning disabilities (LD), third grade children with poor reading ability are also affected by serious antisocial behavior.
From the Paper "Reading curriculum was the differential influence in students' growth in this study by Kamp, et al. (2003). Accelerating growth patterns for the three fluency measures, with some slowing in letters and oral reading, showed that curriculum type led to significant differences in performance at the end of first grade. One of the curriculum choices (Reading Mastery, Success for All) was found to positively affect students skills in each area more than literature-based curricula. By Grade 3 endpoint, performance showed significant differences in the group with no risk, compared to the behavior risk group, the academic risk group and the students at risk for both."
