Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of Middle East history. Specifically it considers Anwar Sadat's address to the Israeli Knesset on November 20, 1977 and Menachem Begin's reply. This paper cites this historic occasion as an attempt for the Egyptian Arabs and Israeli Jews to bury their differences and bring peace to the Middle East. The paper asserts that these speeches show there was a willingness to work together for harmony, however, the peace overtures did not work. The paper concludes that while the two countries did come to an agreement on peaceful terms, this did not spread to the entire region, which seems to have been the ultimate goal Sadat had at the time.

From the Paper
"In these historic speeches, Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt, first addressed the Israeli Knesset in November 1977, in an attempt to bring the two nations together, and in turn bring peace to the entire Middle East. Sadat said to the assembly, "Ladies and gentlemen, there are moments in the lives of nations and peoples when it is incumbent upon those known for their wisdom and clarity of vision to survey the problem, with all its complexities and vain memories, in a bold drive towards new horizons" (Sadat). It seems he truly did want to bring the two sides together, to bury old differences, and to bring peace to the region, and his speech is a stirring call to all the parties to bury the hatchet and just get along with each other."

Tags:Middle East, Egypt, Israel, Knesset, Nobel Peace Prize

Abstract
This paper argues that Gary Soto's 1981 poem "Mexicans Begin Jogging" illuminates the general immigrant experience. The author points out that the poem reflects the unique experiences of Latinos.

From the Paper
"Gary Soto's poem "Mexicans Begin Jogging" is both technically and emotionally skillful a story that applies both at some level to all Americans and one that is in other ways unique to the Latino experience. Speaking as it does of freedom and the desire of all ..."

Tags:Soto, Latinos, meter

Abstract
This paper analyzes the tone, use of irony, and ambiguity in Gary Soot's poem "Mexicans Begin Jogging."

Abstract
This paper examines the question of when human life begins. The author argues that life does not begin at conception, but rather during the third trimester of pregnancy. Current research is used to reinforce these beliefs. The author further contends that since fetuses cannot feel, react, nor function outside of the womb, they are not autonomous humans, capable of body function, some form of thought, and communication. It is these functions, it is argued, which truly define a human life.

From the Paper
"According to Mary Ann Warren, there are two senses of being human. First, there is a genetic human, or one that holds the genetic makeup of a human. Secondly, there is a human that is a person, and thus has rights by morality. Warren believes that being a genetic human is not equal to being a person, and that those with only a sense of genetic humanity cannot be said to have "life". To be a person, Warren argues, a genetic person must be conscious of objects, events, or internal conditions, particularly in terms of pain sensation, must be able to develop reason, must be able to achieve self-motivated behaviors, independent of genetic or external control, must be able to communicate in some way, and must be self-aware (Warren, 223). Warren's point, then, is that life begins at the point where the genetic human becomes a person that is capable of feelings, thinking, reasoning, and communicating. Thus, life begins far after conception."

Tags:conception, abortion, third, trimester

Abstract
This paper discusses abortion on a pragmatic level of when human life actually begins. It explores the Japanese culture and Buddhism in its respect for life and the essence of the spirit and compares it those views of American Christianity. It shows further, how each views life in the context of abortion.

From the paper:

"...at the heart of this debate is the ethical and religious question of "when does human life begin?" Perhaps one of the reasons the issue is both so contentious and so difficult, and why such little light has been shed upon it, is that there are deeper issues at hand than that of politics or law. To explore these issues without passing judgment on the issue in a legalistic fashion is important. Religion is at the heart of this debate, and this paper will attempt to explore notions of the nature of human life from a comparative perspective to give a fresh view on this rather tired issue. It will examine the radically different fashion in which abortion is conceived of in contemporary Japanese Buddhism versus contemporary American Christianity. Through looking at these religions through this very specific focus this paper will also attempt to explicate differences between these two religions in their different cultural contexts in a larger fashion."

Tags:Japan, Buddhism, Christianity, life, conception

Abstract
Is abortion truly, in fact, murder? The answer to this query is explored in this objective speculation of the positions on the controversial topic of abortion. Through citing passages from the Bible and taking into account the strong beliefs of Catholicism, which opposes abortion, the author thoughtfully and respectfully gives insight into the different stances on the issue.

From the Paper
"The issue of abortion, perhaps more than any other single issue, divides all of American society. Our nation is so polarized over the political, legal, and moral status of abortion that an objective evaluation of this issue is hardly possible. The two sides are, of course, "pro-choice" and "pro-life." Simply stated, a pro-choicer would hold that the decision to abort a pregnancy is to be made only by the woman, the state having no right to interfere with their unalienable rights. And a pro-lifer would hold that, from the moment of conception, the embryo or fetus is alive. While these labels may appear definitive in nature, there are a large number of people that I have encountered who, while possibly labeling themselves as pro-choice, do not feel on a personal level that abortion would be a moral decision in their own lives. Since few individuals believe themselves to be against life or against rights, these self-chosen labels fail to encompass the complexity of the opinions involved with the abortion issue."

Tags:bible, birth, catholicism, choice, life, pro

Abstract
The paper addresses the anxiety and inexperience facing new counselors as well as silence during a counseling session. The paper discusses self-disclosure and the need for counselors to be genuine but not too transparent, and the importance of physical and emotional boundary setting. The paper also touches upon transference and countertransference, counselors recognizing their personal limitations, the need to keep confidentiality, the giving of advice and the situation when a client is non-committed. The paper asserts that by being able to recognize the hurdles and having a plan and support system in place, the new counselor will better his chances of succeeding in his new profession.

From the Paper
"Once a student has finished studying how to be an effective counselor, the real challenge begins. There can be great challenges to face once the beginning counselor starts meeting people one on one, and it is important to know that most counselors go through an induction period that can be uncomfortable and even unsettling. These feelings are normal and will become less noticeable as time goes by and the counselor gets more comfortable.
""Because counseling is an intimate form of learning, it demands a practitioner who is willing to shed stereotypes and be an authentic person in the therapeutic relationship." (Corey, pg. 17). Beginning counselors typically enter their new career with mixed feelings about their qualifications and ability to engage in effective counseling relationships. The anxiety a new counselor can feel can sometimes prohibit them from having a comfortable relationship with their client. "The various challenges counselors face in the beginning stages of their career often pertain not only to the counselor's profession but also to his or her own personal attributes." (Issues beginning counselors face, 2009)."

Tags:anxiety, inexperience, self-disclosure, transparency, confidentiality, advice

Abstract
This paper provides the reader an overview of a child's learning process and analyzes the process in which a child encounters when learning how to read. The author has selected topics she feels are imperative to the development of reading skills and explains their importance.

From the Paper
"Understanding how children learn is fundamental to effective teaching. Older methods of teaching consider the student as a passive recipient of the teacher's knowledge. However, research has shown that learning actually is an active process that each learner must form personal understanding. Children work hard to make since of this world! They are constantly thinking: making connections, comparisons, and contrasts. Thinking is the most important part of learning. When trying to figure out right from wrong children often come up with amazing theories. This is proof that children are producing their own knowledge. Children can notice flaws in their reasoning as a result of their own questions about observations. Therefore, effective teaching provides many opportunities for observation through firsthand experiences. Experiences tend to be the basis for the initial explanations children create for themselves. Children depend on different experiences to adjust their understanding."

Abstract
James Wright comments on life in an American steel town with his poem "Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio." Using free verse, Wright is nonetheless able to imbue the poem with flowing cadence. The paper shows how the poet offers his readers a glimpse into a small segment of Americana, while at the same time delivering universal human truths. The paper shows how "Autumn Begins" is an observation of the crowd and activity at a high school football game. In the first stanza, the narrator muses about the various minority groups in Martins Ferry. The second stanza is devoted to the state of affairs of American family life and the state of mind of the wives at home. Finally, the third stanza depicts the young athletes, who play an aggressive sport that mimics their father's hard work. The paper shows that "Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio" combines modern poetic devices and a somber tone to convey life in Middle America.

From the Paper
"While the free verse style of the poem does not provide the reader with metric structure, it does correspond to the content of the poem. The narrator, who remains unidentified throughout the poem, speaks in a reflective tone. He or she wishes to remain an observer and does not reveal anything about him or herself. The focus of the poem is on the people and situations described by the narrator. While any judgments made about life in Martins Ferry, Ohio are subtle, the tone of the poem becomes dark and almost foreboding. Diction is the key to conveying such a tone; the poet chooses such words as "starved," "dying," "suicidally," and "terribly." Even at the beginning of the poem, images of gray-faced "Negroes in the blast furnace," and "ruptured night watchmen" build an atmosphere of depression. While the narrator watches an innocent high school football match, he or she notices that the people in this town do not live lives of joy."

Tags:narrator, Immigrants, American, Dream

Abstract
This paper examines Naguib Mahfouz's book "The Beginning and the End" and focuses on how the author has an art of making his characters seem realistic in any setting and location. Even though the story was set in Egypt, the writer claims that the book deals with situations which are applicable to most people.

From the Paper
"In his novel The Beginning and the End, Naguib Mahfouz presents to us a world in which each character is startlingly familiar, even though the world that his characters inhabit is very different indeed from the reality that most of us live in. But we have all met these people before, all been saddened by women who find their self worth from sexual encounters with men; the person "here the youngest son" whose ambition blinds them to anything, even the harm that he (in this case) is doing to others; the person (here the middle son) who takes the reverse and yet in many ways equally psychologically dangerous course of always putting others (especially family) first so that there is nothing left of himself; and finally the lazy but ruthless person (in this novel represented by the oldest son of the family) who is only interested in money and will sacrifice everything to increase his fortune."

Tags:Islam, nationality, characters, Nefisa, Egyptian