Abstract
This paper explains that the dispute over beef hormones between the United States and the European Union has been ongoing for two decades, escalating to a ban on American beef treated with hormones, despite scientific studies supporting the fact that certain approved growth hormones posed no public health threat. The author points out that the pandemonium in the E.U. started in the early 1980s over synthetic hormone diethylstilbestrol (DES), which was banned in the United States in 1979 because of its links to cancer and birth defects, was detected in some imported baby food made with veal. The paper shows, therefore, that four European countries prohibited all hormone use in cattle, which eventually led to the ban of American beef. The paper relates that the core of the difference is that American consumers and authorities have embraced technological breakthroughs relating to foodstuffs; whereas, the Europeans tend to shy away from such advancements: In the end, the beef hormone dispute appears to be at a stalemate.

From the Paper
"The use of certain growth hormones in the American beef industry was a common occurrence in the 1970s and 1980s. American farmers saw the immediate benefits of growing beefier beef cattle and enthusiastically accepted the practice. The growth hormones, used by the United States, are actually a pellet that is implanted under the animal's skin, behind the ears. This time-release capsule slowly releases the hormones over the period of several weeks, during significant stages of growth. The cost effectiveness of this process is significant"

Tags:decades, ban, des, culture, stalemate

Abstract
The writer of this well-researched paper details the health risks which can and do result, due to the use of hormones in the beef produced in America and around the world. This paper traces the use of hormones in beef back to the 1970s, when the U.S. began using hormones to accelerate the growth rate of animals in an effort to conserve time and money. The writer contends that over 95% of the cattle in the U.S. are currently being administered growth promoting hormones. This paper examines the ongoing conflict between the U.S., the European Union and Canada over the ban on cattle products produced with growth hormones. Since the 1950s, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has been researching the effects of growth hormones and it, as well as other scientific experts, have found that there is no difference between beef raised on hormones and those raised without. This paper delves into the various FDA laws which permit the use of hormones in restricted amounts. The writer of this paper also focuses on the health risks involved with the ingestion of these hormones. Scientists and health experts contend that any increase in the level of hormones, above that which occurs naturally in humans, carries a potential risk of carcinogenic effects.

From the Paper
"Beginning in the 1970's the United State's meat industry began using hormones to improve the growth rate of animals in an effort to conserve time and money. In 1981, the European Union began restricting the use of growth hormones within the Union itself, and also began restricting the import of meat and meat products derived from cattle that had been given hormones. During the past years, the European Union have updated and/or amended its regulations several times, generally to include more hormones, however, for the most part, the regulations have remained the same. The dispute at the World Trade Organization concerns the use of six scientifically approved hormones used for cattle growth promotion, estradiol, melengestrol acetate, progesterone, testosterone, trenbolone acetate, and zeranol."

Tags:beef, industry, health, steroids, eu, canada, conflict

Abstract
The paper discusses how the change that is on the tongues of cattlemen today involves the creation of two different marketing systems based on two different production systems. The paper explains that the first system involves the traditional beef producing and marketing mechanisms that provide commodity beef. The second is a new value-based beef system that produces a higher quality of beef that is specifically designed to meet specific consumer wants and needs (Hughes).

From the Paper
"In the beef market the word "change" is nearly an everyday occurrence. The change that is on the tongues of cattlemen today involves the creation of two different marketing systems based on two different production systems. The first system involves the traditional beef producing and marketing mechanisms that provide commodity beef. The second is a new value-based beef system that produces and higher quality of beef that is specifically designed to meet specific consumer wants and needs (Hughes). The most important decision a beef producer makes today is which system..."

Tags:value, based, beef

Abstract
The paper discusses the ethics of the beef industry, focusing on the question, is it ethical to produce beef for the marketplace based on the current methods found in the industry. The paper looks at the inhumane method of slaughtering animals and the issue of animal cruelty.

From the Paper
"The ethical issue addressed herein posed as a question is: is it ethical to produce beef using the current methods found in the industry. According to the Humane Farming Association HFA beef products found on grocery store ..."

Tags:ethics, beef industry, animal, humane

Abstract
The paper discusses how meat and in particular beef play an important place in diet. The paper relates that in the EU, households expenditure for meat is among the highest in the world, representing 35% of total food expenditure in Denmark, France and Belgium, 30% in Spain, Italy and Ireland and 25% in Great Britain, the Netherlands and Greece (Krystallis and Arvanitoyannis, 2006).

From the Paper
"What are the food safety issues related to micro biological contamination of beef? Meat and in particularly beef play an important place in diet, (beef consumption). In the EU, households expenditure for meat is among the highest in the world, representing 35% of total food expenditure in Denmark, France and Belgium, 30% in Spain, Italy and Ireland and 25% in Great Britain, the Netherlands and Greece (Krystallis and Arvanitoyannis, 2006). Negative public perception associated with the world meat industry,..."

Tags:beef, food safety, contamination

Abstract
The paper relates that hormone replacement therapy is a viable option for postmenopausal women and has been for over half a century. The paper discusses how over the years, there has been much controversy about this type of treatment; its safety, effectiveness, and even ideas that menopause may be avoided altogether. The paper discusses how there are various methods of hormone delivery, and therefore, women can choose which works best for them. In addition, the paper looks at recent long-term studies that have given the medical community new information regarding hormone replacement therapy, its risks and benefits.

From the Paper
"Hormone replacement therapy is a viable option for postmenopausal women and has been for over half a century. Over the years, there has been much controversy about this type of treatment, its safety, effectiveness, and even ideas that menopause may be avoided altogether. There are various methods of hormone delivery, therefore women can choose which works best for them. In addition, recent long-term studies have given the medical community new information regarding hormone replacement therapy, its risks..."

Tags:hormone, replacement, therapy

Abstract
This paper discusses the advantages of taking alternative dispute resolution rather than legal action and the specific conditions under which it is more beneficial. This paper shows us that the advantages of alternative dispute resolution are not universal, nor automatic, but should be the result of early screening and careful decision making.

Contents:
Overview
Overview of Alternative Dispute Resolution
Reported Advantages of Alternative Dispute Resolution
Recommendations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Alternative dispute resolution describes the settling of disputes outside of a traditional legal arena (Legal Information Institute). Alternative dispute resolution can be used in almost any type of situation. This can include family, neighborhood, housing, and environmental disputes. Dispute resolution can be used in a number of business situations, including personal injury, employment, and consumer disputes (Center for Analysis of Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems). Alternative dispute resolution is also sometimes called dispute resolution or appropriate dispute resolution (Center for Analysis of Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems).
Alternative dispute resolution is actually a catch-all term that refers to a number of different processes used to resolve disputes. In reality, there are a number of different types of dispute resolution processes. These include arbitration, early neutral evaluation, mediation, a mini-trial, negotiation, neutral fact-finding, ombuds, private judging, settlement conferences, a summary jury trial (Center for Analysis of Alternative Dispute Resolution Systems), and conciliation (Legal Information Institute). Arbitration and mediation are the most common forms of disputer resolution (Legal Information Institute)."

Tags:litigants, Legal, Information, Institute, appropriate, dispute, resolution, arbitration, jury, trial, mediation, settlement

Abstract
This paper discusses how a mediator can develop as a professional adept at dealing with difficult personalities who find their way into Alternative Dispute Resolution settings. The paper provides a commentary on assumptions to do with ADR, claims to its success, and the nature of ADR proceedings, as compared to timeless matters of human nature and personality. The paper discusses how a skilled mediator appreciates how to work well with difficult people and also is skilled in gaining the attention of parties.

From the Paper
"Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is increasingly used in Canada and other English-speaking countries to settle a range of private and public sector matters that might otherwise involve court proceedings or formal arbitration. The central feature of parties engaging in a process of mediation can seem ideal in the promise of workable compromises, capitalizing on communication before disputes take on hardened adversarial positions. Proponents of ADR note how parties tend to speak more openly, issues discussed transparently as compared to court proceedings that may..."

Tags:alt dispute r, prof style, difficult personalities

Abstract
This paper discusses the refusal of one company to promote a female employee to the supervisor position after promising to do so. It includes the background of the dispute, its resolution, the effectiveness of the resolution and its outcome and finally an analysis of the conflict resolution process. Several issues are discussed such as employee gender, management policies, human relations, compensation and more.

From the Paper
"The dispute occurring is between an employee and a supervisor. The employee has worked for the company for three years, working towards a position as a supervisor. This was noted in their performance review and was also incorporated into their work plan. The employee both worked and completed studies in business to assist them in gaining the expected promotion. After three years, the promotion became available. The employee was told by their supervisor that they would not be getting the promotion but that somebody else would be hired from outside of the organization. The position was advertised and a new person recruited. The employee inquired as to why they would not be considered for the position but was given no direct answer. Their employment record had no problems so the employee was left to assume that the only reason for their not getting the promotion was their gender, being that all other supervisors in the company were male, including their boss and that they were female."

Tags:employee, supervisor, promotion, position, dispute, company, business, female

Abstract
The paper is an economic geography discussion of the regional effects of the softwood lumber dispute in Canada. The paper argues that British Colombia is the biggest loser economically of this resource, with the current level of taxes and tariffs. The paper notes how as British Colombia's industry declines, the industries in other provinces improve.

From the Paper
"The economic development of Canada has largely been dependent on the extraction or harvesting of natural resources. Economies based on the extraction or harvesting are generally known as staples economies. In Resources Dean M. Hanink states, "Staple production, consisting of direct exploitation and initial processing of natural resources, or staples, began with the Atlantic Fisheries in the late fifteenth centuries and early sixteenth centuries, and progressed to the interior with the growth of European demand for fur. Expansion into Canada's interior occurred in response to the development of the timber industries of lumber and pulp" (Hanink 235)."

Tags:softwood, lumber, dispute