Abstract
A discussion of the new concept civil society vs. civic community and a series of fresh debates about how it should be defined. A discussion of the following questions: What is the citizen's proper role within the state's structure? How should citizenship be determined and defined?, What degree of interaction should take place between the citizen and the state?. These are just a few questions that plagued philosophers and theorists such as Locke, Hegel and Kant in the many years that followed the transition from subject to citizen.

From the Paper
"As the sixteenth century drew to a close, great intellectual and technological advancements triggered winds of change that swept through Europe, forever changing the region's social and political landscape. Gradually, absolutist monarchs whose royal lineage had ruled for centuries saw their power erode in the face of an emerging merchant class and revolutionary philosophical ideas about government. The enlightenment had arrived and with it came a groundbreaking notion: citizenship. No longer were the masses subject to the arbitrary rule of an omnipotent autocrat. Instead, they now possessed some degree of political self-determination."

Tags:civic, civil, community, international, political, putnam, relations, science, seligman, society, state, Locke, Hegel, Kant

Abstract
This paper explains that the objectives of the study were to describe the general sleeping habits of College of Arts and Sciences students and to evaluate if the student's course is a factor in his or her sleeping habits (defined as the number of hours of sleep and sleep quality). The author points out that the methodology of the study was a descriptive survey of college students using a stratified random sampling design with the sample size set at a 90% confidence level. The paper concludes that, although statistically the students' courses do not have bearing on what time and how long the students sleep, the respondents themselves believe that their courses affect their sleep. The paper includes several tables, figures and the survey used in the study.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem and Objectives of the Study
Definition of Terms
Hypotheses
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
Variables Used
Scope and Limitation
Significance of the Study
Review of Related Literature
Related Literature on Sleep
Related Studies on Sleep
Methodology
Research Design
Sampling Method
Data Collection
Data Analysis Method
Data Analysis
Profile of the Respondents
Data and Analysis
Relationship of Independent Variable (Course) to Dependent Variables
Course vs. Number of Hours of Sleep/Total Sleep Time
Course vs. Sleep Satisfaction
Relationship of Independent Variable (Course) to Intervening Variables
Course vs. Bedtime
Course vs. Schoolwork
Course vs. Entertainment Activities
Relationship of Intervening Variables to Dependent Variables
Bedtime vs. Number of Hours of Sleep/Total Sleep Time
Bedtime vs. Sleep Satisfaction.
Schoolwork vs. Number of Hours of Sleep/Total Sleep Time
Schoolwork vs. Sleep Satisfaction
Entertainment Activities vs. Number of Hours of Sleep/Total Sleep Time
Entertainment Activities vs. Sleep Satisfaction
Results of Students' Reactions to Statements, "My being in this course affects my sleeping (habits, quality of sleep, etc.)"
Interrelationships Between Bedtime, Total Sleep Time, and Sleep Satisfaction
Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Questionnaire

From the Paper
"Sleep deprivation causes emotional disturbances in people. It may also lead to aggressiveness, apathy; result in fluctuations between euphoria and depression and vice versa. One can also experience pain in joints, hallucinations and visions. People also lose their ability to think straight and act quickly. Those who have been sleep deprived for long, usually find it hard to finish a sentence or find an appropriate word to describe something. One's short-term memory also tends to fail. Therefore, one should never economize additional time for sleep. A sleep-deprived individual does everything twice as slow."

Tags:satisfactory, bedtime, deprivation, sample, mode

Abstract
The paper explores a common problem in the control of diabetes, nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes. The paper explains how many people experience hypoglycemic (low blood sugar) levels during the night. As a remedy for this situation, many doctors have suggested a snack before bedtime to help get the patient through until morning. The paper discusses how there has been mixed evidence from clinical studies that indicates that a bed time snack may not always be able to control night time hypoglycemic episodes. The research examines the role of carbohydrate loading throughout the day as a possible solution to the dilemma. The paper concludes that this study will play an important role in the development of better guidelines to help patients control their diabetes.

Outline:
Introduction
Understanding Diabetes
Pathogenesis
Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Episodes
Study Aim and Hypothesis
Research Questions
Literature Review
Current Research on Nocturnal Hypoglycemia
Conceptual Framework
Study Design
Study Population
Sample Size
Variables
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Diabetes is a condition that affects millions of people on a global basis. It presents a major medical expense for insurance companies and if not controlled, can lead to serious side effects such as stroke or heart disease. In 2003, it was estimated that close to 194 million people suffer from diabetes around the world (IDF, 2003). In 1985 it was estimated that 30 million people had diabetes. The IDF estimates that by the year 2025 nearly 350 million people will have some form of Diabetes. Among the nations monitored by the IDF, North America has the highest percentage of diabetes in the world."

Tags:carbohydrates, blood, sugar, nocturnal

Abstract
This paper describes a compline service and the writer's observations of the service after having attended one at the Chapel of the Cross church. The paper describes the start of the service, the first song of the service, and the practice of exiting the church in complete silence after the service has ended. The writer concludes that the visit to the compline service taught him a great deal about early music and worship services.

From the Paper
"Before going to the service, I was very intrigued about it because I had never attended a service like this one before. When I first entered the church, the choir was warming up and someone was swinging incense throughout the church. It was very interesting to take in the majestic beauty of the church while everyone was getting ready for the service. Inside, the church was very magnificent and beautiful and I was taken aback by the size and ornate beauty of it all."

Tags:benedictine bedtime silence songs, live performance