Abstract
This paper examines conceptual aspects of the novel "Adam Bede" by author George Eliot, otherwise known as Mary Ann Evans. It describes the need for deeper analysis of behavior and its cause- and-effects, both individually and as a society. The paper explains that we are formed and defined by our actions.

From the Paper
"Eliot says first that we are formed by our deeds, but that we also determine our deeds. We make choices and take actions, and this process forms our character. This would seem to be a combination of the nature versus nurture issue, suggesting that our choices first emerge from our inner nature and that the choices we make shape our character, thus influencing our character and the future choices we make. This is a circular argument, and in a sense it suggests that there is no beginning and no end but only a constant state of acting and becoming throughout our lives. The nature versus nurture argument was always too simplistic, suggesting that only one answer was possible, when it seems more likely that both forces operate to shape us. The two forces operate without our conscious control in any case and interact to make us who we are."

Tags:mary, ann, evans, actions, inner, nature, personality, truism, reality

Abstract
This paper makes the argument that George Eliot uses some of the conventions of the romantic novel while violating others in her work "Adam Bede". It looks at how Eliot goes beyond asking the question of whether or not a particular romantic pairing will turn out well and addresses the larger issue of what makes a human life happy. Her use of romanticism and realism is explored through the plot of the novel.

From the Paper
"Adam and Dinah have some real chance at happiness as this book ends because we understand that Dinah - unlike Hetty - is a force that brings moral as well as emotional order into Adam's life. Hetty, with her lack of intellectual and ethical depth brought chaos and confusion to Adam, but Dinah reverses this process. Dinah is in some ways a stereotypical Victorian heroine, the angel in the home that redeems men from their baser natures and the temptations of the world. But she is also a Romantic heroine, and we see in her natural goodness something of the nurturance that women - with what was perceived as their close connection to the natural world - could provide to men."

Tags:romanticism, realism, hero, tragedy, love, society, fate, tradition

Abstract
This essay will argue that the theme of rescue is key to the novel's representation of English society at that time in that, centred largely upon the figure of Hetty Sorrel, it touches upon the dominant social issues of justice, love and marriage, and morality. .

From the Paper
" This paper will discuss George Eliot's novel Adam Bede. This novel gives a beautifully descriptive picture of life in a rural English village at the turn of the eighteenth century. The village of Hayslope is an idyllic setting of abundant farmlands populated by simple, good-natured country people. The romanticism of the setting is enhanced by the fact that the story takes place in the past; George Eliot's narrator informs the reader as such in the very first sentence of the novel. Furthermore, the narrator allows the reader to believe that this is a true story of which she is attempting "to give a faithful account," despite the fact that "the mirror is doubtless defective; the outlines will sometimes be disturbed, the reflection faint or confused; but I feel as much bound to tell.."

Abstract
The paper gives an overview of the novel and then analyzes a passage in which we see that the relationship between Dinah and Adam is defined by their silence. The paper analyzes Eliot's use of language in order to convey to the reader a sense of the rightness of the pairing of these two characters.

From the Paper
"Eliot makes the point in these lines that these two characters are destined for each not because they love each other passionately but because they are united in purpose. One of the most striking elements of this passage, which is in fact about a kind of passionate love, is that there is such a distinct absence of flowery language. The language almost has a legalistic aspect to it and yet we are entirely convinced at the end of it that the two characters do indeed love each other."

Tags:love, relationship, man, woman

Abstract
The following paper examines how Charles Darwin's discoveries had a substantial effect on the writers of his age. This paper discusses literature of the Victorian age focusing on the importance of the senses, when reading books from this era. The writer discusses the ways in which important authors of this era were fascinated by the ways in which their characters and themselves were linked to the world through the use of their senses and that sensory information could be counted upon to be reliable in a way that few other things might be in a world in so much flux.

From the Paper
"The world of Victorian writers and readers was one whose epistemological and physical borders were each day being pushed further back. For those living in such times the choices were to sink into a reactionary railing against such change or to embrace it and the most direct way to embrace it whether in science or art of simply in life was to walk through the world with one's senses entirely and absolutely engaged, George Eliot's 1859 Adam Bede is very much a work of Realism and in it we see the author's warning that while fuzzy Romantic writers might think that could discern the true nature of a person simply through the act of observation, the Realist novelist and reader were not so easily fooled."

Tags:Western, civilization, 19th, England, traditional, certainties, ancestors, generations, Victorian, era, Age, of, Exploration

Abstract
This paper presents a brief biography of George Eliot. It examines the social climate at the time and the reason the woman Mary Ann Evans felt she had to choose a man's nom de plume. This paper analyzes a few of her works, in brief : "Scenes of Clerical Life;" "Silas Marner;" "Adam Bede" and "The Mill on the Floss."

From the Paper
"Mary Ann Evans was born in Warwickshire and was the daughter of an estate agent or manager. Her education was a conventional one that was dominated by Christian teachings and touched by the enthusiasm generated by the Evangelical movement of church reform. While in her 20's she came associated with friends who were freethinkers. During this time Mary Ann underwent a radical transformation of her beliefs. The German school of biblical scholarship known as Higher Criticism influenced Evans. This thought attempted to treat sacred writings as human and historical documents and she devoted herself to translating its findings for the English public. She published her translation of Strauss' Life of Jesus in 1846 and her translation of Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach's Essence of Christianity in 1854 (Encyclopedia of World Biography, 1998)."

Tags:scenes, clerical, life, silas, merner, adam, bede, mill, floss

Abstract
This paper examines the content of "The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" as a primary historical source for the creation of English and England. It shows how the work of historian Venerable Bede documents England prior to the "Chronicle" and details religious and cultural life in that era, while the Chronicle focuses on the broader historical scale of war. It also focuses on the linguistic significance of the "Chronicle" the first important piece of English prose.

From the paper:

"One of the most important aspects of 'The Angle-Saxon Chronicle' is that it is the first continuous national history of any western people in their own language. Written down by a succession of generations of scribes, 'The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle' covers such fundamentally important events in the history of early England as the migration of the Saxon war-lords, the results of the Romanization of Britain, the onslaught of the Vikings, the Norman Conquest and on the reign of Stephen."

Tags:England, English, Bede, Alfred, literature

Abstract
Celtic paganism is often used to explain "inexplicable" elements in the Grail legend. However, other explanations are also possible. The paper demonstrates this by showing how some "inexplicable" facets of the Grail legend that are usually ascribed to Celtic paganism may have their origin elsewhere, including in Christianity, secular symbolism, Bede's "Life of Saint Cuthbert" and the Lives of St. Kentigern," and/or medieval history and geography. It also examines whether the historical, geographical and hagiographical sources were used consciously or unconsciously. The paper concludes that, when faced with "inexplicable" elements in a Grail legend, scholars are often too quick to find connections, often very tenuous ones, to Celtic paganism.

From the Paper
"How are these narratives connected chronologically? And are the similarities deliberate? In their opening plot, these romantic and hagiographical stories are almost perfect Campbellian hero quests, so I think there may have been some pre-existing correlation between the early or oral versions of Peredur and the hagiographies. Yet the details of the Romances are so much like the saints' lives that I believe there is clearly some deliberate imitation. I will now attempt to untangle the way in which these books influenced on another. Bede's Life is based on the anonymous Life, which comes from the tradition that developed in Lindesfarne during or soon after Cuthbert's life. Bede wrote the Prose Life at the end of the 7th century and it influenced the writers of the Lives of Kentigern. The two Lives of Saint Kentigern were compiled in the 12th century, and the author of the fragmentary Life mentions his familiarity with the story of Cuthbert."

Tags:chretien, round, table

Abstract
The following paper critically analyzes 'Beowulf', a collection of heathen tales of the early Northland, put together and shaped by a Christian Anglo-Saxon poet in the era of Bede who was influenced by both Greek/Roman and Church sources. This paper examines the significant parallels apparent between Beowulf's adventure and Christ's death, decent into hell and resurrection. However heathen the original story was, the writer argues that it is reasonable to suppose that the account of Beowulf's decent into the grim fen, his encounter with the demon-brood staining the water with blood and his triumphant emergence from it into joyous springtime is at least an allegory of baptism. The following paper gives "Beowulf" and the "Historic Age" a far fuller historical meaning and even greater artistic value than the writer would have if it were only interpreted on a story level. The writer contends that if one were to start from scratch and invent a story whose every detail was to allegorize the story of salvation (which C.S. Lewis did in his "Narnia" series, for example), one could not do much better than was done in Beowulf by using plot inherent in the ancient tales.

From the Paper
"A classic work of literature is one that endures past its own generation. One reason a work endures is because it can be read, enjoyed and promote thought not only for the author's contemporaries, but for people who read it for years to come. In order to do that, it must contain universal themes that remain true across times and cultures.One thing that successive generations of readers do with a classic is relate its themes to their own lives and times. A classic may mean one thing to one person who reads it and another thing to another person. Quite often readers recognize a simple story as an allegory for something else. A recent example of this is how the "Star Wars" saga has come to be "adopted" by Christian readers because Christians realized that many of the main concepts could be metaphors for Christian ideals. "The force" can be God or the Holy Spirit who helps the Jedi (those chosen to lead and defend the common people, or in the Christian tradition, the clergy or ministers or even "everyman" Christians) to fight "the dark side"."

Tags:encounter, demon-brood, staining, triumphant, emergence, joyous, springtime, allegory, rite, baptism, England, impressive, circumstances, masses, converts