Abstract This paper argues that, by looking at Wagner's political writings in conjunction with his opera "Die Meistersinger", only one conclusion can be reached: Wagner coded the character Beckmesser as a Jew, whom the community fears and who disrupts the growth of musical art. The author examines Wagner's view of the threat of foreign influence on German art especially as re-enforced by the appropriation of the opera by the Nazi party as an ideological tool. Within the opera, the paper investigates further the character of Beckmesser and his place among his peers in the opera and the exalted 'Sacred German Art' as the opera ends on a C major chord, a sound dissonant in the wake of the Third Reich.
From the Paper "The roots of Wagner's anti-Semitism can be traced to his jealousy of the success of two Jewish contemporaries, composers Giacomo Meyerbeer and Jacques Fromental Halevy. Meyerbeer's and Halevy's operas were especially successful in Paris; Wagner himself was never able to gain a foothold in the "capital of opera" during his lifetime. Furthermore, Wagner had come to passionately despise the "grand operas" which had made Meyerbeer and Halevy so popular and had kept Wagner impoverished and in obscurity."
Tags:beckmesserleitmotifnaziscelebration, german artistic ideals
Abstract This paper examines the relationship between the parapazzi (journalistic photographers) and celebrities, which has been bought into the spotlight by the death of Princess Diana in a car crash trying to escape from them. It evaluates the lack of clear cut boundaries when it comes to the paparazzi and their rights and proposes a new law to be enacted that will restrict the photographing of the famous to public events or events that the paparazzi is invited to by the star in question. Anything outside of those boundaries should be considered a crime. It reviews several famous court cases on the topic of invasion of privacy of celebrities and argues that celebrities should not have to give up their right to basic privacy simply by becoming famous.
From the Paper "For many years the press and the famous were friends. The press attended openings of films, causes that were important to the stars, and other events in which the public had an interest, and the celebrity benefited from their presence. It began to change several decades ago when the press began to invade the private lives of the celebrities that they covered. Over the years there have been several famous court cases in which the celebrity has asked for relief from such stalking and harassment from the press."
Abstract The paper studies the use of celebrities in marketing communications. This includes the origins, rationale, advantages and disadvantages. The paper discusses the methods of gauging the effectiveness of celebrities in marketing communications.
From the Paper "The use of celebrities in marketing is as old as marketing itself, at least in the organized mass-communications sense. Picture histories of advertising show that as soon as true advertising campaigns emerged from the background of storefront signs and the equivalent of classified ads in the th century they began using the images and endorsements of actors and actress sports stars and other public figures who in modern terms we would describe as celebrities."
Abstract This paper examines and describes the focus of National Socialism on anti-Semitism and the Nazis' hatred of the Jews. It addresses how the Nazis tried to prove that anti-Semitism responded to Germany's problems, how the Nazis justified the persecution of the Jews, and what Hitler's personal role was in all of this?
From the Paper "Anti-Semitism is probably one of the most infamous platforms of Hitler and his Nazis, and the Holocaust was its horrific instrument of destruction. While anti-Semitism was not the only plank in Hitler's Nazi platform, it was an important part of his theology, and appealed to the German people for a variety of reasons. Many authors are not surprised so many Germans found this view "admirable," as they were searching for a way to blame someone else for their failures, and Hitler's ideas were the perfect solution to their search. After the First World War, Germany was a defeated and depressed nation."
Tags: holocaust, nazi, platform, hatred, first, world, war, scapegoat, race, theory
Abstract The defeat of Germany in the First World War came as a tremendous shock to Adolf Hitler and the German people, and is the primary reason why the Nazi Party was able to rise to power. Ever since the founding of the German Empire and Bismarck's victories over Denmark, Austria, and France on the nineteenth-century, the German public had placed supreme confidence in the German Army and its generals. Defeat on the battlefield was unimaginable, so when the armistice ending World War I was signed on November 11, 1918, millions of Germans believed that only treachery and betrayal could have caused such a catastrophe. This paper explains the reason behind the success of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party. The paper asserts that when the Nazi Party was founded in 1920 it took advantage of the belief that the German Army had been betrayed and portrayed itself as the only party that could bring Germany back to a position of superiority.
Abstract This paper describes how Mark Twain's short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County," made him an overnight sensation in the American literary scene. The reviewer gives a brief plot summary of the story, yet focuses on why this particular work gave Twain such widespread recognition. Also included are critic's remarks about whether Twain actually intended this short story to be humorous. The reviewer concludes that it is quite obvious why "Calaveras" made readers take interest in Twain. Besides its humor and interest, it is an insightful tale about the people who lived in the West during that time period.
From the Paper "In the story, Twain described a betting man by the name of Jim Smiley (a unique name in itself) and his leaping frog. "He'd give him a little punch behind," Twain wrote, "and the next minute you'd see that frog whirling in the air like a doughnut--see him turn one summerset, or maybe a couple, if he got a good start, and come down flat footed and all right, like a cat." Smiley bet on anything he could, similar to unfortunate gambling addicts today."
Abstract In this paper, the theme of self versus other through national identity is important through the Nazi example due to the horrific genocide that was aimed toward the Jewish peoples. History has developed along these lines in understanding the dangers of fascism or dictators that pose as socialist or democratic institutions. This paper shows that by understanding the dangers of governments that govern with extreme reactionary differentiation toward minorities, one can realize the scope of the Nazi Party and its evolution over the 20s, 30s, and onward into the genocide of the 40s.
From the Paper "The aim of this study is to present an argument for the development of Nazi nationalism that developed over a time line of the late 1920s and into the 30s. The development of psychological propaganda was critical in how the Nazi Party developed from a Socialist platform in regards to the evolution of a nation state in the 20s. In this manner, the theme of self versus others becomes the dictates of a national identity through race and economic political objectives in the 1930s. By understanding the basis of self (the national identity) and the others (Jews and other foreigners), the theme of identity through Nazi nationalism becomes the basis for realizing the evolution of the Nazi Socialist Party into a fascist regime into the Second world War of the 1940s."
A look at how the American Civil Rights Movement and the Nazi regime in Germany that led to the Second World War stand as examples of how social and political perspectives interact with each other.
Abstract The paper relates that the actions of the Nazi regime regime both internally and externally were justified by legal and political rule that gave justification to social segregation, war and even in principle, the holocaust. The paper then points out that, similarly, the Civil Rights Movement highlighted that despite social enlightenment regarding the equality of races, there has been little effect on the political and social representation of minorities in the U.S. The paper concludes that Martin Luther King's statement reminding that the legality of Hitler's actions in the war reflects how the law can be used to the disadvantage of society. This reflects that social conditions influence politics and legislation just as much as they affect society and the need for these various social institutions to check and balance each other.
Outline:
Introduction
Impact to society
Legal foundations as justification
Implications to the civil rights movement
Contemporary legal and political systems
Conclusion
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From the Paper "According to Stychin and Mulcahy (2007), the establishment of legislation, aside from creating legitimacy for an action, also protects the action from legal consequences even if they interfere with civil or natural rights. In contemporary legal and judicial systems, there is an assumption of the law to take precedence. The only avenue in such settings otherwise is through the order of appeals or higher courts. Thus, the provision or availability of legal justification also implies the political support or justification of the action. At the same time, as illustrated in King's illustration of the right of African Americans to civil liberties, there is an assumption that the public can hold its political institutions accountable. "architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir" (King, 1963b)
This has significant implications to socio-political systems. Pattison and Evans (2006, p. 712) point out that public policies such as laws, "fundamentally change the relationships between citizens and their careers and among careers and the law and the state". This also implies that the law, which is separate from the system itself since it is defined by legislature, is the overriding component in the system (Unger, 1977). Thus, the law may not reflect what is just or equitable but more evidently political perspective of the state. This then requires active action to change and implement legislation through reform or social movements."
Tags:Nazi, Martin, Luther, King, Hitler, political, civil, rights, social
Abstract The paper examines Margaret Atwood's groundbreaking 1985 satire, "The Handmaid's Tale" that contends that considerable forces have levied their authority in order to detain, and in some ways reverse, the progress of the female gender and the dismantling of obsolete gender roles. The paper attempts to show how Atwood's novel is a social critique which remains current and disturbingly connected to the past. The paper also highlights the pressing concern that the persistence of inequality and oppression of individualism may ultimately lead to internal societal destruction as occurred in Nazi Germany.
From the Paper "The feminist era, which began in earnest at the tail end of the protest age, entered American society into a period of mounting awareness of the imbalances which had inherently persisted in the home, in the workplace and in the images presented by the media. Gradual shifts began to take place, both in the way that women communicated for the first time as a collective their individual hopes and dreams and in the way that women fought for access to the same social opportunities which awaited American men. These changes, still quite certainly observable today by the presence of women at every level of government, professional occupation and social strata, have been nonetheless diminished by what we may suggest through the lens of Margaret Atwood's groundbreaking 1985 satire, The Handmaid's Tale."
Tags: Holocaust, Nazis, Jews, women, gender, inequality, government
Abstract This paper explores the various reasons many celebrities and athletes develop eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. The writer of this paper contends that although the causes for anorexia and bulimia are the same for celebrities as everyone else, celebrities are more prone to eating disorders due to intense pressure from the media to aspire to "perfection." The public's attitude towards female celebrities is defined by the media, which puts enormous pressure on celebrities to achieve and maintain an unattainable look. This paper examines the eating disorders of several celebrities including Paula Abdul, Karen Carpenter and Calista Flockhart. This paper also contains a brief yet concise overview of anorexia and bulimia, which includes the symptoms, causes and treatments for these disorders.
From the Paper "Denial is a large part of any neurosis. By emphasizing Ally McBeal's attitude towards an obvious weight problem, the network belittles the problem, and in effect says it is cool to extremely skinny all this talk of Anorexia and Bulimia is silly. One of the problems for Paula Abdul was peer pressure and poor role models. Abdul fit the mold for eating disorders. She was a portly young girl who loved ballet and wished to look like her peers. The exact cause of anorexia varies in different patients. There are many factors to take into consideration. "A number of factors, including cultural and family pressures, chemical imbalances, and emotional and personality disorders collaborate to produce both anorexia and bulimia, although each disorder is determined by different combinations of these influences. "
Tags: media, perception, society, pressure, calista, flockhart, paula, abdul
Abstract The paper discusses the effect of celebrities such as O.J. Simpson and Paris Hilton on American culture, which illustrates the extent to which virtually anyone who is famous even for negative behavior can inspire emulation. The paper explains the psychology behind this emulation and discusses how celebrities are generally negative role models. The paper therefore concludes that although there may be reason to admire celebrities for their specific accomplishments, the blind admiration of fame without regard to personal shortcomings is damaging, especially to young people still in the process of formulating their personal values.
Outline:
Introduction
The Psychology of Celebrity Emulation and Its Detrimental Effect on Society
Celebrities Tend to Make Bad Role Models
Conclusion
From the Paper "According to news reports at the time, when O.J. Simpson was on trial for murdering his ex-wife and Ron Goldman in 1995, national sales of white Ford Broncos, Bruno Magli shoes, and white Akita dogs all increased dramatically. In fact, Bruno Magli sales of the particular model skyrocketed as a result of the unexpected publicity of the association with Simpson, and pet stores reported that people asked for "O.J. dogs" instead of referring to the Akita by name. Such is the power of celebrity in American culture."
Abstract After an outline and introductory paragraph, the author starts the piece by describing the traditional Christian view of sexuality. Then, the author describes the sexual revolution of the 1960s and how both views paradoxically exist in modern society. Using this scizophrenic view of sexuality as a backdrop, the author then discusses America's obsession with celebrities and how that obsession makes it dangerous for gay celebrities to reveal their sexuality. The author then argues that all celebrities are entitled to their privacy and while gay celebrities should be commended for asserting their sexuality, no one has the right to demand that they disclose such private matters.
Abstract The writer of the paper contends that a celebrity enjoys a potential revenue fetching force that has to be exploited by the firms or institutions that market the fame of the celebrity. The author then examines and discusses the question that, if we accept that a celebrity can and will fetch revenue by his or her participation, is the very high premium paid for their endorsement or participation justified? The writer uses examples from both the world of entertainment and sports to illustrate and support his conclusions. The paper is heavily annotated.
Outline:
Introduction
The celebrity Endorsement and Profits
Looking at the Model
The Economics of Endorsement
Conclusion
Citations
From the Paper "The public which is enamored of a person, and a person who creates successfully a following for himself or herself in the chosen activity commands the power of bargaining for not only participation, but for the use of the image, endorsements of products, news worthiness and corporate advertising and marketing. In considering such activities, particularly sports, there are two aspects of the financial implications and there is evidence to show that team sports like cricket or football have lesser profitability and small clubs with marginal operations cannot compete with famous ones and the monopoly in profits is always held by the popular city club. A sports club cannot generate a positive cash flow for the reason that there is a potential fear of political involvement and therefore such clubs show the balances in negative. Sports franchisees fare better with the capital appreciation of the stock."
Abstract This paper compares cause-related marketing and the use of celebrity endorsements in promoting products. The paper discusses how both methods strategically tie symbolism to the point of purchase to the extent that the purchase holds deeper meaning than simply satisfying personal needs. The paper then looks at and compares the history and development of each method.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Comparative Histories
Relevancy of Cause-Related Marketing
Strengths of Cause-Related Marketing
Weaknesses of Cause-Related Marketing
Relevancy of the Use of Celebrity Endorsements
Strengths of Celebrity Endorsements
Weaknesses in the Use of Celebrity Endorsements
A Comparative Review of Current Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper "Celebrity endorsements personalize products for consumers and assist them in establishing whether a product has value or not. Typically celebrities are trusted as long as their image matches the desired brand image. Celebrities are increasingly interested in cause-related marketing approaches and are investing in supporting particular causes as a means of giving back to society. The future of marketing will continue to focus on meeting the needs of consumers. If consumers demand corporate support for social and emotional causes, and there is potential for profit growth, corporations will continue to accommodate this trend."
Abstract This paper looks at several factors which would determine the successful marketing of a celebrity. It looks at issues such as target markets, the celebrity's selling points and timing. The paper also looks at the advantages and disadvantages of the media as a tool to promote a celebrity.
From the Paper "Timing is everything! This phrase refers to the concept that the key to success in promotion is to make sure that the time is exactly right for a particular event. This requires a keen sense of awareness of trends in the American scene. American history is filled with examples of events that could have been successful had the timing been right. The most blatant example of ill-conceived timing is the eight-track recorder. It was a good product but the tastes of the public had not been analyzed, and the cassette recorder took over the market."
