Abstract
This paper examines how Carl L. Becker was one of the most eminent American historians of the early 20th century. It looks at how his long and distinguished career and his impressive list of scholarly monographs alone qualify him as an important figure in the development of historical understanding and how his contributions to historical methodology were equally weighty. It shows how Becker was a progressive historian and how his historical analysis tended to focus on how historical process lead to later development and how these later developments could indeed be seen in the earlier historical precedents. He saw history as defined solely by the store of knowledge that we have about a historical event.

From the Paper
"Becker's work was typically presented in book format, and, while in his early work, especially, he presented his work in ways that were meant to be scholarly and academic, his work was to have a much broader popular appeal as well. As a progressive historian, much of Becker's concern was in reevaluating history and in occasionally examining social movements that were not culturally dominant in considering how they also affected history. As a result of his interest in action and untold narrative, Becker has a tendency to bias these elements in his later work. Often, he focuses on how events have continued to be significant today, rather than focusing on their unique historical importance of the time. Similarly, he is often willing to privilege the untold history of a movement that had not received what he considered to be a significant enough amount of historical attention over received historical narratives that were commonly accepted."

Tags:history, scholar, academic, america

Abstract
The paper relates that "Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas" by Carl L. Becker is unique in that it focuses the reader's attention on the document itself rather than its its historical and political origins. The paper discusses Becker's theme that the Declaration is a direct reflection of Jefferson's personal political philosophy and literary skill. The paper also examines the strengths and weaknesses of this book and compares it to other books and articles on this topic. An annotated bibliography is included with the paper.

From the Paper
"Becker's eminent background as an historian, his analytical viewpoint, and his purpose for writing this book are evident in every chapter as he thoroughly analyzes the historical and philosophical antecedents of the Declaration of Independence, first from a natural rights perspective and then from a British Empire perspective. After discussing these influences he proceeds to explain the drafting process Jefferson engaged in, which produced a document of exceptionally high literary quality. In the final chapter, Becker examines the philosophy of the Declaration of Independence in the Nineteenth Century and how it was perceived and understood by succeeding generations. (Becker 1991)"

Tags:Jefferson, American, Revolution

Abstract
The paper relates that "Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas" was written by the highly-acclaimed historian and scholar Carl L. Becker and was first published in 1922. The paper further relates that since its first appearance over eighty years ago, it has come to be considered a classic study of the Declaration of Independence and has been published in many editions, most recently by Peter Smith Publishing, Inc. in 1991.

From the Paper
""Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas" was written by the highly-acclaimed historian and scholar Carl L. Becker and was first published in 1922. Since its first appearance over eighty years ago it has come to be considered a classic study of the Declaration of Independence and has been published in many editions, most recently by Peter Smith Publishing, Inc. in 1991. Unlike many books about the Declaration of Independence which focus..."

Tags:declaration, of, independence

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of Carl Rogers' person-centered theory on society. The author also considers the application of the theory as it relates to family, groups, interpersonal relationships, and conflict resolution. The goal of the theory and how its techniques are used in therapy is also discussed. The paper compares person-centered theory to other psychological theories, including a historical perspective. All of these issues are important and significant for a complete understanding of what person-centered theory really is and how it applies to many various facets of life.

From the Paper
"The primary issue in Carl Rogers' person-centered theory is what he terms the "actualizing tendency" (Rogers, 1980). This term refers to what is considered to be the inherent and the immutable tendency of all organisms, of course including human beings, to do many different things, including grow, expand, develop, differentiate, maintain themselves, restore themselves and realize their natures as much as they are able to and as well as they are able to under the circumstances that they are given (Barrett-Lennard, 1998). This actualizing tendency is seen as the basic characteristic of all organic life, including human life. Rogers (1980) expresses these ideas very well in stating that "The actualizing tendency can ... be thwarted or warped, but it cannot be destroyed without destroying the organism" (Rogers, 1980, p. I 19). "

Tags:person, centered, theory, Carl, Rogers, psychology

Abstract
This paper discusses how each individual progresses through the social order with the expectations of conforming to religious political community and personal expectations. Religion is in theory supposed to address the spiritual needs of the individual. The paper further discusses that as religions are consistently changing in society, this is not often the case. Medicine may address the diseases and illnesses that can be scientifically detected in the patient but often times there is pain that cannot be identified as having a direct physical cause. Psychologists, such as Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, believed that as human beings progressed through life their psychological conditions would create upheaval in a way that could create physical and spiritual unrest, with no apparent cure for the ailment.

Tags:jung, carl, spirituality

Abstract
This paper reviews Jasper Becker's "Hungry Ghosts", a book detailing the Chinese famine that occurred during the Great Leap Forward. The paper considers four main points made by Becker concerning Mao's responsibility for the famine: a reliance on pseudoscience, a faulty industrial policy, fear and intimidation that inhibited truth telling and failure to act once the truth was known. Each of these is considered in turn and Becker's argument regarding each is critiqued.

From the Paper
"In his ground-breaking study, "Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine", British journalist Jasper Becker depicts what is clearly one of the most tragic events in all of human history: the heretofore little known and misunderstood Chinese famine that resulted from Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward from 1958-1962. He outlines the events which led to the massive starvation of an estimated 30 million people as Mao's government pursued an agricultural-industrial revolution based on pseudo-scientific fantasies about manufacturing and production, and backed by state-sponsored violence and intimidation designed to fabricate for official records what was not and could not be realized in actual practice."

Tags:famine, agriculture, maoism

Abstract
This paper describes Becker's novel "Jakob the Liar": Jakob, a Polish Jew in the Ghetto, finds himself a neighborhood hero by fabricating reports from his imaginary radio. The paper illustrate that the radio may not be real, but the impact Jakob's radio reports have on the community is real: The inhabitants of this ghetto community now have a sense of hope as they are told of "reports" that the armies are coming to save them. The paper author feels that Becker's use of the imaginary radio brings the reader into the reality of living in Jakob's ghetto.

From the Paper
"In the case of Jakob and Lina, the radio brings these two people closer together. When Jakob "plays" the radio for Lina, it is a moment that draws them closer and one of sincere comedy. These were bleak times, and the radio essentially brings hope and happiness to a neighborhood that faces the inevitable. These moments happen often within the first half of the novel, as the radio reports are a ray of light. "

Tags:polish, jew, ghetto, hero, imaginary, community, hope, police, wwii, reality

Abstract
The paper explains that Victor, from Geoffrey Becker's "El Diablo de la Cienega," who is a young star basketball player, and Elizabeth, from Ann Packer's "Horse," who is an introverted, bookish young woman excelling in reading, are both individualists who, in different ways, excel in solitary pursuits. The author of the paper points out that the authors of both stories balance the inner and outer life of the protagonists in different ways, depending on the protagonist's gender and maturity; but ultimately, both of these solitary people must come to grips with both their larger world and their developing senses of self. The paper states that Victor and Elizabeth both are driven to close, yet highly conflicted relationships with their surviving mothers because of their status as children in single-parent families.

From the Paper
"Elizabeth's perceived gifts in reading, furthermore, are not admired as unequivocally as are Victor's have upon her psyche. Victor sees himself confidently as a gifted athlete, while Elizabeth sees her body as inadequate to the demands of the game she has chosen to prove herself at. Thus the game functions differently in the narrator's perceptions, the structure of the tale's evolution in a linear or a more discursive fashion, and also in terms of whether the character sees the structure of the game as frustrating, as in the case of Elizabeth, or holding the potential for salvation or damnation, as does Victor. The competitive crux of the game-narrative in "Horse" also takes place off-stage, because it is less central to the character's positive development, as opposed to the more physical Victor and the more physical life of the young male protagonist, in "El Diablo de la Cienega" where the game is the story, in essence."

Tags:protagonists, reader, basketball, gender, mother

Abstract
This paper looks at the life of Belgium serial killer Marie Alexandrine Becker and how she murdered those who were close to her to gain riches and to take herself out of the low life that she had been born to.