Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the Beat writers. The writer explains that the Beats have been infamous for their giving new voices where there is little or none, and to protest societal issues from World War II until much more recently. The writer maintains that perhaps the most fascinating thing about the Beats is their ability to key into when change is needed, and also to further channel their consciousness' in different ways to keep making it new. The writer discusses that with seemingly mutual influence, use of drugs, and further creativity in their writing processes, William Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg, and Lawrence Ferlinghetti are some of the writers that first exposed new truths in society and pushed for a sense of community in the Beats that reflected some openly voiced common views and themes, as well experimenting in their creative writing process.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Conclusion
Works Cited
Notes and Acknowledgments
Attachments

From the Paper
"Through America's growth in the arts, there have been many developments and movements that have helped to individualize and define its place in the world. Among the Harlem Renaissance, Black Arts, and Black Mountain Poets lies a little land of Beat writers. The Beats have been infamous for their giving new voices where there is little or none, and to protest societal issues from World War II until much more recently. Perhaps the most fascinating thing about the beats is their ability to key into when change is needed, and also to further channel their consciousness' in different ways to keep making it new. Their ability to feed off of each other in their writings, reading, and even correspondents with each other as friends and colleagues is unprecedented."

Tags:writings, influence, literary, arts

Abstract
This paper explains how the Beat Generation came about, tells how this generation got its name, explains why and in what way it was a counterculture movement that challenged the mechanical existence of the majority and talks about how it effects American society even to this day.

From the Paper
"According to modern mythology, it has been said that the birth of the Beat Generation can be traced back to the year 1944. World War II raged throughout Europe. This was the year of the D-Day landing, and this was the year that the United Nations first came to power, and this was the year that "Lady Chatterly's Lover" by D. H. Lawrence was found to be obscene in the United States, and this was the year in which New York City was flooded by European Surrealists gathering together with American artists and writers, influencing the thoughts and works and direction of the art movements nationwide. This was also the year that Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, William S. Burroughs, and Herbert Hunckle met in New York City among the artists gathered there, and this meeting around Columbia University and Times Square would lead to the writing of one of the great Beat Generation novels."

Tags:hippos, boiled, tanks, go, john, clellon, holmes, bohemian, libertines, america, artists

Abstract
In the late 1950s groups of young people decided to "drop out" of society and questioned the right of authority to determine what morality was. This paper examines the writers who represented this time in U.S. history, later know as the Beat Generation. The paper looks specifically at the works of Jack Kerouac and William Burroughs, but also mentions Allen Ginsburg and Gregory Corso.

From the Paper
"The Beat movement was especially valid on college campuses, which may seem strange (as it did at the time) to parents whose hard work had scraped up tuition money so their kids could get a better education. The fact that these kids were now reading "Naked Lunch" by William Burroughs, and reading whatever Ken Kesey wrote (including "One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest) and were flocking to "road" movies like "Easy Rider" was something the older generation simply could not understand. Why would these kids, brought up in nice homes, with doting parents, want to rebel against the system that got them to college in the first place?"

Tags:On, the, Road, The, Town, and, the, City, Sal, Paradise

Abstract
This paper explains that Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William Burroughs were the galvanizing forces behind the Beat Generation; their writings and revolutionary narrative techniques created a national sensation that is still debated in modern literary circles. The author points out that Kerouac's "On the Road", the most respected work of the group, at first glance seems incoherent; but, as the novel progresses, we discover the story moves from a superficial sense of order to a deeper, more penetrating sense of openness. The paper relates that "Howl" is not the work of an angry young man; Ginsberg emerges from this rather long poem as a rancorous and somewhat gloomy mystic seer as opposed to a deferential and conventional kind of person that had symbolized the youth of the post-WWII period.

From the Paper
"The sex that is virtually dominant in the world of "Naked Lunch" appears to reflect the sex that Freud revealed as the ultimate cause, means, and end. Anything goes in Interzone, and the sex is there in all varieties and expressions. However, it is "junk" which sufficiently separates the narrator from the group consciousness to let him have this vision of things as they are. Junk has its literal importance as a stimulus, but it is also important as a symbol. In general, it is a symbol of meaninglessness, or life as the be-all and end-all of an evolving world. Only be coming into ultimate contact with junk, by knowing it as a symbol, one can realize the separate life."

Tags:seer, critics, force, revolutionary, narrative

Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of the emergence of Buddhism on the American cultural scene in the 1950s. It discusses Beat literature, the origins and aspects of the Beat Generation, and their effect on American culture. The author illustrates the works of Jack Kerouac's "On the Road" and Allen Ginsberg's "Howl". It analyzes the friendship between the close-knit group of friends and their rise to literary fame, both individually and as a group. It demonstrates how personality and drug addiction is seen in their writing style. This paper also describes the permanent place of Buddhism in American society as a result of the culture of the Beat artists

From the Paper
"Historical events are usually much more complex than the annals of the past can easily demonstrate. The average person has only a cursory knowledge of most historical episodes, leaving intellectual movements like scientific advancements, philosophical developments, and social reforms largely incomplete and misunderstood from a "public relations" standpoint. For example, a common definition for Buddhism might read something like this: A philosophy dedicated to the realization of the essence of life, leading to true selfless enlightenment and the reconciliation of suffering. Now of course that definition leaves an enormous amount of leeway for the real body of experiences and thoughts that are Buddhism. Likewise, the average person might reflect upon the Beat Generation as a social and literary movement motivated by personal escape from the monotony of 1950's American society. But as much as I know about these two subjects (which admittedly I am no expert at but am a learned student of), I cannot develop a brief definition that can come close to adequately representing these topics."

Tags:1950s, 1960s, allen, art, ginsberg, jack, kerouac, whalen, 1950, 1960, 60s, 50s

Abstract
This paper studies descriptive epidemiology as it relates to the natural history of cardiovascular disease. It begins with an overview of descriptive epidemiology and its application to the heart followed by the presentation of a number of findings from the Bogalusa Heart Study of 1972 through 1997. The paper concludes with a look at new studies and techniques, which are based on the Bogalusa model. Included is the beta-cath system for radiating an artery wall.

Outline
Introduction
Problem Background
Findings
Conclusions and Summary

From the Paper
"At its simplest level, Epidemiology can be to have the description of the application of statistical methodologies to analyze the determinants of health and illness of a given population or sub-group within the population. This sort of analysis therefore has an application to the planning and evaluation of interventions and to the causation and prevention of illness. Moreover, as with most sciences Epidemiology presents itself in various formats and although the central role of Epidemiology within a department is to provide valid, reliable and appropriately interpreted data upon which decisions can be based, Epidemiology is usually divided, in a somewhat arbitrary manner along several lines. Our concern here however is with Descriptive Epidemiology as it relates to the epidemiology and natural history of Cardiovascular Disease."

Tags:cardiology, heart, attack, coronary, artery, blockage, Bogalusa, study, descriptive, beat-cath, radiate

Abstract
This is a look at the various literary criticisms of ?Howl?, the famous poem by Allen Ginsburg. The author argues that the criticism is as schizophrenic as the poem itself. Opinions are presented from the following critics and writers: Robert Henson, Diane Middlebrook, Alicia Ostriker and Norman Podhoretz.

From the Paper
"Allen Ginsberg, born in 1926, and often hailed as the poet laureate of "the beat generation" creates in "Howl", a frenzied controversy, among writers, which is the source and subject of much criticism and contradiction. ?Howl,? Published in 1955, perhaps Ginsberg's most famous poem and the center of a highly scandalized censorship case, has been both praised and criticized as a monolith for "the beat generation." Acclaimed by members of what could be considered low culture, the pop cultural masses, as well as by what could be considered high culture, the academic and renown scholar, as a representation of social hypocrisy, "Howl" cannot be categorized by either. The academic and knowledgeable language, references and devices used in a radical and informal style make it impossible to force "Howl" into either high or low culture brackets. "Howl" eludes the past 50 years of criticism as a comprehensive outburst of everything frustrated and repressed in the postwar baby boom era and thus is a deceptively easy yet slippery target for this discussion"

Tags:50, 60, beat, generation, kerouac, poetry

Abstract
This paper studies The Progressive Movement in the early 1900's. The writer uses several examples to illustrate some of the impact that the movement had on education such as removing religion from the school system. The paper includes an in-depth historical look at the Progressive Movement as well as the educational system in the United States. It also includes a discussion of John Dewey's democracy who studied the differences between animals and humans as well as the differences between the education one receives by being born and living their daily lives and the education that can be offered to them on a formal basis. Finally, it concludes that the Progressive Movement has brought America its renowned liberal educational attitudes.

From the Paper
"Throughout American history, the field of education has been a constantly evolving aspect of life. The United States constitution promises a free education to all who live here and the government runs the public schools. Over the last few decades, we have gone back to basics, left that to try new ideas, and then clamored for the back to basics to be returned. It is a never ending battle to keep the students test scores up, failure rate down and work to enrich their learning experience along the way. One of the most critical points in the development of American public education was the Progressive Movement of the early 1900's. This movement was responsible for taking the religion out of the system and replacing it with progressive and active curiosity."

Tags:education, school, Progressive, Movement, 1900's, religion, system

Abstract
This paper examines the history of Latin American music and the influence it has had on American culture, looking at the particular forms that have had the most influence as well as some of the particular personalities that have been the most influential in bringing Latin American music to the United States.

From the Paper
"It would be hard to find any area of 20th-century American pop music " and now 21st century " that has not been affected by Latin American music, including Tin Pan Alley, stage and film music, jazz, rhythm and blues, country music, and rock (Roberts, 1998, p. 14). The musical voices of Brazil, Cuba, and Mexico have made their way into each of these American forms, which have been influenced not only by Latin American rhythms and musical forms but also by individual musicians and bandleaders who came to play an important role in shaping American culture (Roberts, 1998, p. 19)."

Tags:street, American, city, sounds, music, Latin, American, roots, tango, mamba, bossa, nova, Puerto, Rico, Argentina, samba, Brazil, jazz, structures, European, harmonies

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed discussion about the history of the radio and the impact radio has had on the recording industry. The writer takes the reader on an exploratory journey through the history of radio broadcasts as well as what the future of radio looks like with the advent of CD burners.

From the Paper
'Across America, people tune into their favorite radio stations and sing along with their favorite artists. While we enjoy the ability to tune in as well as the songs that are played, we seldom give thought to how the radio has impacted our favorite artists from a recording standpoint. Radio was a boon to those involved in it, and it has provided a forum for artists to have their new material heard which in turn increased record sales for many years."

Tags:radio, music, record, indusry, cd, burners