This paper discusses the history of Hawaii from the time that Kamehameha the Great unified the islands in 1810, to its annexation as Hawaii Territory, a United States territory, in 1900.
Abstract This paper explains that, from the time when Kamehameha the Great unified the islands in 1810, to the overthrow of the Hawaiian government in 1893, Hawaii metamorphosed from a feudal society into an independent constitutional monarchy, which, compared to the similar development in Europe, practically happened overnight in Hawaii. The author points out, that in 1887, a group of American and European businessmen and an armed militia, associated with a secret society called the Hawaiian League, which favored annexation to the United States, forced the king at gunpoint with a bayonet at his throat to accept what is today known as the Bayonet Constitution. The paper relates that President Grover Cleveland had refused to approve the annexation of Hawaii; however, in 1896, William McKinley replaced Cleveland as president and gave his blessing to annexation.
From the Paper "The Wilson-Gorman Act passed by Congress in 1894 discontinued the bonus to sugar producers in the United States and restored the tariff on sugar imported into that country, so that the Hawaiian sugar industry once more enjoyed the benefits conferred by the reciprocity treaty. Consequently the labor question again became pressing. In the 1880's the government had begun the introduction of contract laborers from Japan in order to counterbalance the Chinese and restrictions had been placed upon the immigration of Chinese. In the 1890's the situation was reversed. By 1896, the Japanese made up nearly a fourth of the whole population. There were real fears that Hawaii might become a Japanese colony. Various measures were therefore adopted to reduce the volume of Japanese immigration and to encourage the immigration of Chinese. Yet during three years, from 1895 to 1897 that this policy was followed, the number of Japanese immigrants still exceeded the Chinese by more than two thousand."
Abstract This paper describes the history of the lack of tolerance for the Indians from the time that Hernando De Soto set foot in Cherokee country to the expulsion of Native Americans to Oklahoma.The author points out that the early white settlers justified their harsh stance by believing that the Indians obstructed the progress of the whites who could use the land much more efficiently and that it was the God-given right of the settlers to obtain this land. The paper reports that, in 1835, the Treaty of New Echota forced Indians at bayonet point and shackled in chains to be transferred to Oklahoma. The paper concludes that thousands of Indians died due to disease, absence of shelter and lack of food on this journey called the "Trail of Tears".
From the Paper "The Federal Government received their plea, and in 1832, the Supreme Court reviewed the case of Worcester vs. Georgia. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled on behalf of the Cherokee Indians and stated that the Federal Government was responsible for the Indians rather than the state of Georgia. This ruling appeared to be a triumph for the Native Americans; however, it was short lived. For example, Jackson stated that John Marshall has made his decision and that it was up to him to enforce it."
Tags: cherokee, removal act, new echota, trail of tears
Abstract The paper examines the weapons and warfare tactics that were invented between the 17th and 18th centuries primarily in Europe which has a history of violence, bloodshed and military conquest. The paper focuses on the development of the wheel-lock and the flintlock and how they offered Europeans ever-increasing killing power.
From the Paper "The art of making war had been one of humankind's primary activities for thousands of years. As Bernard Brodie points out, the art of warfare and combat probably first occurred during the Paleolithic Age circa 10,000 BCE when "crude stone weapons were used in battle against other groups over food, women or land" and according to some recent archeological evidence unearthed in the Middle East, Neolithic people appear to have waged war against each other going as far back as 7,000 BC. Exactly why warfare between groups of people in ancient times was found to be necessary is unknown, but many historians agree that the development of weapons and warfare tactics had much to do with the population of any given geographical area, whether in Europe, Asia or North America. "
