Abstract
In this article, the writer first discusses the origins of the name of Satan. The writer then explains that one of the most widely debated aspects concerning the origin of Satan revolves around the question as to exactly what extent the power of evil is manifested in Satan. The writer maintains that perhaps the most powerful image of Satan in today's world is linked with the concept of Armageddon, a time in the distant future, or in the distant past, when Satan and his evil minions will gather together to battle God and Christ for the ultimate and supreme control over man and the universe. The writer concludes that Satan remains an elusive yet easily recognizable figure, due to the fact that this personage of evil and destruction has survived untold numbers of revisions for more than three thousand years and continues to pervade the minds and hearts of believers and non-believers alike.

From the Paper
"However, other theological scholars and students of ancient religions have devised another path toward associating evil with Satan via non-canonical Hebrew literature which supports the idea that not only is Satan a true adversary of God but is also the leader of the fallen angels, contained in such works as The Book of the Secrets of Enoch and several Islamic texts. Yet also Satan eventually evolves into the ultimate symbol of evil, the ancient Hebrews offered "no suggestion of any dualism, neither temporal, spatial or ethical," meaning that Satan was either pure evil or was not. Additional apocalyptic literature maintains this stance but it was only in later Judaism when Satan was viewed as being a dualistic figure. Tom Radcliffe points out that as the Jewish church became established and grew in prominence, many of its enemies were linked to Satan, such as heretics and the Syrians."

Tags:evil, God, devil, angel

Abstract
This paper discusses the Book of Revelation, the last book of the Bible, written around 96 CE in Asia Minor by John the Elder, probably a Christian from Ephesus. The paper describes the visions contained in the book and then discusses its structure, imagery and language, and what these reveal. The paper also looks at the opposing views on the reliability of the predictions made by the Book of Revelations.

From the Paper
"Researchers have also found certain inaccuracies and points of contention. The troubling seven-headed Beast, which rises from the sea and demands to be worshipped as God, symbolizes Rome, the city of seven hills (BBC Team 2001). The number 666 of the Beast has led to speculations and computations, which ascribe its value to Nero. But late 19th century British archaeologists found manuscript fragments of the Book of Revelation, which give the number of the Beast as 616. This number points to the Emperor Caligula who built a statue of himself in the temple of Jerusalem. This greatly offended the Jews of the time. The image of the four horsemen of the Apocalypse was adapted from the Hebrew prophet Zacariah. The red horse was Zacariah's symbol for war and destruction, the black horse for famine, the pale horse for death, but the white horse for vengeance and salvation. The word "Armageddon" was apparently drawn from al-Megiddo, which was a place in the Jazreel Plain found in modern-day Israel. Many of John the Seer's own battles occurred in this place in the first century. He could have envisioned Megiddo as the suitable location for the final battle between good and evil (BBC Team)."

Tags:worship apocalypse, Battle of Armageddon, the Four Horsemen

Abstract
This paper addresses the Battle of Antietam in terms of its significance as a military victory, and how this battle helped to change the conduct of war during its era. This paper demonstrates that the fighting tactics used by the Union Army at the Battle of Antietam helped prove that a small, maneuverable fighting force could win over superior firepower, demonstrating that a lack of strategy could not be compensated through weaponry. Through doing so, it can be seen how the Battle of Antietam helped redefine war protocol to a significant degree.

Tags:AMERICAN STUDIES AND HISTORY / MILITARY, battle antietam impact

Abstract
This paper discusses the 1571 Battle of Lepanto. It explores tactics of the last great battle of oared galleys. The paper expands on the significance in development of Muslim-Western relations. The author expands on the cause of War and Ottoman sea power. in conclusion, the impact of battle on Muslim power and the rise of the West in the area is explained.

From the Paper
"The Battle of Lepanto fought off the western coast of Greece on October was the last great battle between fleets of oared galleys. It was also a turning point in the balance of power between Christian and Muslim states in the Mediterranean in which the initiative shifted from Muslims to Westerners. On one side was the Ottoman Turkish along with North Africa's Barbary corsairs. They were nominally subjects of the Ottoman sultan in practice they were semi-independent allies ..."

Tags:galleys, battle, 1571, Ottoman, Turkey, Venice, Spain, Ottoman

Abstract
This paper examines the historical background and the events of the Battle of Platea. It shows how the Greeks were able to defeat the mighty Persian Empire through superior battle tactics. The Persian style of warfare consisted of generally unorganized troops under the leadership of leaders who had shown particular bravery in battle. The Greek army was less than a tenth of the size of the Persian army, but had more advanced weaponry and were well trained.

From the Paper
"A note must be made as to the numbers of troops for this battle. Herodotus is the primary source for the documentation of this battle. He wrote about the battle after the fact. His works did not give accurate accounts of numbers. According to McGoodwin (2002), the numbers of the Greeks numbered 110,000 and the numbers of the Persians, 750,000. There are many discrepancies in secondary sources as to the number of actual troops on both sides. All of the numbers do however, reflect that the Greeks were heavily outnumbered by the Persians. The lower numbers would seem to be more consistent with other battles of the time."

Tags:battle, tactics, army, athens, xerxes, mardonius, phalanx

Abstract
This paper is an examination of the third battle of the Aisne. It details this excellent demonstration of the strengths of the German army during World War I as well as demonstrates why these particular strengths were not sufficient to win the war. It describes this German offensive that began on May 27, 1918. The author believes that the German success in this battle came about as the result of the finely honed German infantry tactics combined with a furiously concentrated artillery bombardment, operating under a sky dominated by the 'Jagdgeschwader' of the VII German army. But he feels that in the end, this battle did not help the Germans win the war in any way, in fact, it actually backfired at them.

From the Paper
"The Third Battle of the Aisne is most certainly not one of the best known battles of World War I. Perhaps this is merely because of that oldest of all war adages, which is that the victors get to write the histories, and that in the aftermath of the war late German victories were brushed aside. Perhaps it is not that often cited simply because, while every battle in a war is important, this one was not a turning point. And yet the battle does deserve to be examined as an excellent demonstration of the strengths of the German army during the Great War as well as a demonstration of why, in the end, these particular strengths would not be sufficient to win the war."

Tags:Great, War, World, I, Aisne, River, Battle, Germans, French, Belgian, Canadian, American, Allies

Abstract
This paper explains the effects, circumstances, causes and happenings of the Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Battle of the Ardennes. It also suggests what went wrong for the Germans and what mistakes Hitler made. Military tactics of both sides are analyzed - Germans and Allies.

From the Paper
"The Battle of the Bulge, which lasted from December 16, 1944 to January 25, 1945, was the largest battle of World War II in which the United States participated (Toland). Over a million men fought for their lives, countries and families. Although many a soldier dreamed of the day they could return to their families, many of them did not make it home. At the conclusion of the battle there were 81,000 American casualties including 23,554 captured and 19,000 killed. The British suffered 1,400 casualties, with only 200 killed. Also, the greatest number of all, there were 100,000 German soldiers killed, wounded or captured (Cole)."

Tags:allies, ardennes, army, battle, belgium, casualties, germans, hitler, ii, offensive, red, russian, war, world, wwii

Abstract
This paper discusses and comments on interpretations of the causes, course and consequences of the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 between the Venetian colony of Cyprus and the Ottoman Empire. It explores the issues of religious ideology and territorial, national and political interests and ambitions. The author expands on the long term consequences of the battle.

From the Paper
"This research paper discusses and chooses among various extant interpretations concerning the causes, course and consequences of the Battle of Lepanto which took place on October. That clash of arms was triggered by the invasion and ..."

Tags:Battle, Lepanto, Cyrus, Ottoman Empire

Abstract
The Battle of Antietam, both directly and indirectly, was the most decisive battle of the U.S. Civil War. This paper examines military and political consequences of this battle and how these effected the remainder of the war and the political future of the country.

From the Paper
"The battle of Antietam was a pivotal point in the American Civil War. A victory by either the Union or the Confederacy would have severe and long-lasting implications for both sides. The battle of Antietam in September of 1862 resulted in a significant military success for the Union army, the failure of Britain and France to recognize the Confederacy as an independent nation, and Lincoln s issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation, making Antietam the most decisive battle of the Civil War."

Tags:antietam, battle, civil, confederacy, emancipation, lee, lincoln, proclamation, robert, us, war

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the relationship between James I and the Puritans, focusing on the significance of foreign policy. The writer notes that the Puritan's view regarding foreign policy, although the Millenary Petition of 1603 acknowledged James's authority over all such matters, was stringently anti-Spanish. The writer maintains that in the eyes of the Puritans, Spain was something of a Catholic super-power and, along with the traditional hatred of the Spanish, they took the more extreme view that the Pope was the "Anti-Christ" and that all Catholics were irretrievably evil. The writer points out that when compared to James's tolerant attitude, this was potentially dangerous for both parties. The writer notes that before 1618, foreign policy did little to damage James's relationship with England's Puritans, who were largely conformist. The writer concludes that after 1618, however, with the increasingly serious negotiations with Spain over the match, the Puritans became far more concerned about James's tolerant attitude towards Catholicism and, in a Millenarian point of view, the potential danger of James failing to ensure a Protestant victory in the Battle of Armageddon.

From the Paper
"James's 1618 Book of Sports was, by going against extreme Puritan Sabbatarianism, a further attempt to separate the conformist Puritans from the non-conformist individuals, which added to his lengthy list of such efforts. These endeavours, whilst casual, did help James in recognising some extremists, but also helped to further alienate some - such alienated groups would have been particularly adverse to any foreign policy sympathetic to Catholic powers (and more prepared to resort to extreme measures), which was especially dangerous because most such Puritans were by no means poor: Puritanism required, to some extent, literacy, and literacy was largely restricted to richer members of society, who were therefore more likely to be MPs, or MPs' more important constituents (as part of the Gentry). Such Puritans were, fortunately for James, rare (partly owing to their emigration) and so they had little effect. Puritans in Parliament were conformists at least to the extent that they recognised parliament, and so had little effect on foreign policy - the reasons for anti-Spanish sentiment in Parliament were varied, but had little to do with extreme Puritanism. Until 1618, there was little reason for souring the relationship between James and the majority of Puritans (specifically) through domestic policy, finance, the constitution or other areas, as the dissatisfaction that could arise from these problems were not religious issues. After 1618, however, with the increasingly serious negotiations with Spain over the Match (now with Charles, since Henry, James's older son, had died), the Puritans became far more concerned about James's tolerant attitude towards Catholicism and, in a Millenarian point of view, the potential danger of James failing to ensure a Protestant Victory in the Battle of Armageddon."

Tags:Catholicism, Spain, Protestant, Elizabeth, neutral