Abstract
This paper examines battered women syndrome (BWS), women who serve indeterminate life sentences for killing a spouse or intimate partner that was abusing them. It provides a history of BWS, looks at the 'types' of batterings that lead to this syndrome such as physical and sexual and evaluates parole in the state of California by reviewing recent events. It analyzes various cases of women who are eligible for parole, but are not paroled. The paper leans toward the side of battered women who have served their sentences and should be granted parole.

From the Paper
"There are many elements to Battered Women's Syndrome, which makes the definition of this phenomenon broad and complex. The predominant types of battering that lead to this syndrome are physical, sexual, and psychological battering (NVADV). Battering may include emotional abuse, economic abuse, sexual abuse, using children, threats, using male privilege, intimidation, isolation, and a variety of other behaviors used to maintain fear, intimidation and power. The California Board of Prison Terms defines BWS as a series of common characteristics that appear in women who are physically and/or psychologically abused, over an extended period of time, by a dominant male figure in their lives (BPT). In all cultures, the perpetrators are most commonly the men of the family."

Tags: corrections, female, offenders

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the case study by Fraser and Crittendon and the problem facing battered women in the United States today. It then provides a SWOT analysis of the organization, Battered Women Fighting Back! Relevant recommendations and a summary of the research are provided in the conclusion.

From the Paper
"While there has been some progress made in recent years to help battered women in the United States deal with their problem, the issue remains at the forefront of the public's attention thanks to the efforts of authors such as Jennifer Fraser and Victoria L. Crittendon. In their case study, "Battered Women Fighting Back!," Fraser and Crittendon provide an overview of how the organization was started as a prison-based support group in 1992 by Stacey Kabat. Over the years, the group's focus expanded to include providing educational materials and services designed to increase public awareness of the problems facing battered women and what could be done to ameliorate the situation."

Tags: abuse, domestic, welfare

Abstract
This paper presents information regarding the nature of aggressive relationships, as well as the psychological consequences ensuing from recurring abuse. Specifically, studies and laws relating to the battered woman syndrome are highlighted in order to elucidate the occurrence of repeated abuse that form a battered woman's insights, making her believe that she is in danger of impending death or physical injury.

From the Paper
"Domestic assault is frequently fraction of a much bigger system of controlling, forcing, threatening, as well as violent behaviors employed by a batterer to restrain the victim. The violence reasons"or probably will reason"a considerable gap in authority and sovereignty amid the batterer and the victim, as well as it harshly compromises the victim's sovereignty."

Tags: bws, public, policy, primary, agressor, assault, self-defense, battering, retaliation

Abstract
The paper comments on a research document in which the writer was to record and highlight the needs that mentally and physically abused women required, with regard to the family violence option (FVO) and welfare. The paper stresses that the research is necessary to nursing to indicate that the system did not recognize the requirements of the victims who wished to be freed from their previous spouses. The paper also highlights the inefficiency of this method of attending to the victim's requirements. The paper continues in detail with the manner in which information was collected. The paper summarizes the outcome of the study in which an outlook is presented on the participation of FVO, welfare and domestic violence shelters in assisting women.

Outline:
Statement of the phenomenon of interest
Purpose
Methodology
Sampling
Data collection
Data analysis
Findings
Conclusions, implications and recommendations

From the Paper
"Furthermore, the researcher made clear the strategies to analyze the data, which could be reproduced in similar studies. Yes; the study participants recognize the experiences as their own. Their experiences and insights are documented. In addition, these experiences reflected the women's views, whether or not they were congruent with the researcher's expectations. The research was presented in a logical manner and in a way that the researcher's thoughts are conveyed clearly even if the reader is not familiar with qualitative research."

Tags: nursing, battered, women, abuse

Abstract
Battered Women's Syndrome, or BWS, is a very complex psychological problem facing criminal courts today and has caused great debate on whether or not it should even be allowed in the courtroom. United States courtrooms, instead of protecting battered women, have put these women on trial and found them guilty of murder.

Abstract
This paper deals with the global phenomenon of violence against women, explaining it is the result of gender conflicts and inequality in socio-cultural interactions between men and women. The paper provides various sources of information and statistics of women who have suffered physical, psychological and emotional abuse.

From the Paper
"According to Duffy, "historically and cross-culturally, there is considerable evidence that, particularly in the family women have been targeted for victimization" (128). Furthermore, all women are subject to violence regardless of their age, color, race, religion, class or social status. In particular women experience violence at home from their partners and other family members. According to Nelson, "Intimate violence is actual or threatened acts of violence committed against persons by their current or former spouses, common-law partners, girlfriends or boyfriends" (306). Battered women experience physical and psychological abuse directed at them by men as a means of control and intimidation. Duffy cites a Statistics Canada information "that more than one quarter (29&) of ever-married women experience violence at the hands of a current or part marital partner" (132) and that "more than one third of the victims of wife abuse were subjected to such serious abuse that they feared for their lives" (132). Many women experience constant or frequent abuse. Battering "typically progresses from a relatively low level of violence to a level that is more frequent and severe" (Sorenson & Wiebe, 1416). According to Sorenson and Wiebe, "more than 1.5 million physical or sexual assaults are committed by current or former intimate partners each year in the USA" (1412). However, abuse can take many forms, including physical, sexual, physiological and emotional."

Tags: victims, harm, harassment, dominating

Abstract
A look at the legal response to domestic violence as well as the law enforcements attitude to this problems. It examines possible solutions that may improve the way these agencies handle domestic violence cases. Part II provides legal definitions of domestic violence, Part III explains the usual dynamics of this form of violence. Part IV attempts to understand the battered woman and Part V looks at the criminal justice system's response to battered women. Part VI examines police officer's attitude to domestic violence and Part VII looks at the criminal justice system and domestic violence. The paper concludes with suggestions for improvement in this dealing with this crime.

From the Paper
"Domestic violence is one of the most serious, yet least understood problems facing our nation today. This issue is especially troubling because of the unusual dynamics associated with domestic violence; unlike other crimes such as carjacking, random violence, and robbery where the offender and victim are usually strangers, battered women are often highly dependent on their partners for economic support and may be reluctant to leave out of fear or love. Another reason why domestic violence is so troubling is the lack of effective intervention and knowledge that exists among members of the criminal justice system, law enforcement, and public. The attitude that "domestic violence is a family matter, not a crime" which has long existed in society has contributed to this lack of knowledge and is one of the reasons why domestic violence still remains a largely "hidden" problem. Finally, the limited number of economic resources and shelters which are available to battered women also contributes to this problem; women who finally gather the courage and strength needed to leave their batterer may be forced to remain in the abusive situation or to return because the shelters are full or because they may be unable to find a job."

Tags: abuse, physical, violence, domestic, law, criminal, crime, woman

Abstract
This six-page paper deals with Battered Women's Syndrome and how the Law has had trouble recognizing the issue. However it also discusses and illustrates how the US senate has recognized this problem of Violent Acts against women.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to analyze a social problem using a Problem-Policy-Provision-Feedback analysis. The social problem selected for this analysis is the problem of battered women, defined as women who are physically and/or emotionally abused by their spouses and boyfriends.

The Problem
At least two million women are yearly battered by their husbands or boyfriends in the United States.

There is no place so violent as home. About half of all rapes occur there. It is in the privacy of the home, both in cramped flats and in grand neocolonials ... "

Abstract
This article discusses the issue of violence within a family. The writer suggests that attention should also be paid to the to the problems and needs of the abusive men in question. In this paper the writer acts as a hypothetical budget director with complete control over a family and social welfare budget that two important groups organizations representing the needs of battered women and organizations trying to treat abusive men would like to use for their own perfectly understandable and laudable purposes.

From the Paper
"It is often difficult to feel much sympathy for men who abuse women. However, while sympathy may be impossible in some instances, failing to treat them as human beings with serious problems may prove to be as bad - or almost as bad - as over-indulgence."

Tags: family, violence, spouses

Abstract
The paper identifies the purpose, research questions, study design and subjects and settings of J.L. Postmus' report,"In Their Own Words: Battered Women, Welfare and the Family Violence Option". The paper also examines the data collection methods, data analysis procedures and the strengths and limitations of this study. The paper concludes that the study findings were valid and the research of high quality.

Outline:
Problem
Study Purpose
Research Questions
Study Design
Subjects and Settings
Data Collection Methods
Data Analysis Procedures
Strengths and Limitations

From the Paper
"The problem the study was conducted to resolve was the apparent ineffectiveness of the Family Violence Option program as an option in helping battered women leave abusive relationships and eventually become economically independent (Postmus, 2002)."
"The problem is significant to nursing because of the impact of the recipients' experiences, attitudes and actions on their lives when faced with a system (which could be extended to the social services of a hospital) that is not receptive to their individual needs as victims and as person who wishes to establish themselves as emotionally and financially independent of their former partners. The significance of this research to nursing is also seen in the apparent danger that adapting a "catch-all" group of solutions for common problems (e.g. prioritizing rehabilitation over gaining economic independence) and one-sidedness with which each individual was assessed in order to achieve bureaucratic efficiency."

Tags: social, services, data, collection, procedures, strengths, limitations

Abstract
This paper presents a phenomenological study that evaluates life experiences of Persian-American women who live in the southern California area who were able to escape a domestic violence. It reveals their lifestyle, challenges and the journey they select to separate themselves from traditional social male dominated environments to adopt a more liberated lifestyle. Specifically, the paper explores and reveals the central phenomenon of successful stories of immigrant Persian-American women who experienced domestic violence and managed to escape the abusive environment.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Background of the Problem
Purpose Statement
Significance of the Study's Contribution
Nature of the Study
Research Questions
Conceptual Framework
Definition of Terms
Assumptions
Scope, Limitations and Delimitations
Scope of Study
Limitations of Study
Delimitations of Study
Summary
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Sample Population
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

From the Paper
"This original and influential women's movement against the Islamization policies of the new regime began with various anti-veil protests and evolved into sit-ins and work stoppages in ministries, hospitals, government agencies and girls' high-schools, resulting in the creation of dozens of women's associations and groups in public and private institutions and agencies and in every university (Moghissi, 2004). Under other circumstances, these initiatives could have provided the primary catalyst required to ensure the development of an effective democratic movement in defense of human rights, social justice and democracy, which were in fact the three stated goals of the 1979 Iranian revolution; however, in the political mood prevailing in post-revolutionary Iran, feminist demands for women's autonomy and the right to choice were deemed irrelevant to the overriding goals of introducing Islamization policies that would further disenfranchise and marginalize these female activists."

Tags: immigrant, expatriate, abuse, battered

From the Paper
People are generally shocked whenever they hear of a case in which a woman has committed murder. This is because society sees men as being aggressive and women as being passive. Because men are aggressive, it is understood that they are capable of violence and murder. By contrast, biological differences as well as differences in cultural conditioning seem to indicate that women are incapable of killing. In actuality, there are numerous cases of women who kill. Of course, there are far fewer killers among women than there are among men. In the United States, for example, it is estimated that there are less than half as many female murderers as there are male murderers. In recent years, however, there has been a rising incidence of murders by women. Women who kill rarely do so in cold blood. In this regard, there are a variety of motivations for a woman resorting to the act of ... "

Tags: CRIMINAL JUSTICE: GENERAL, WOMEN STUDIES

Abstract
This paper questions when, why and how female victims of domestic abuse elect whether or not to leave an abusive relationship. The writer presents a three-stage cycle of a domestic-violent relationship and examines research in the field of why women choose to remain in such a situation. It examines financial concerns, fear of losing independence, fear of breaking up families and fears for their general safety.

From the Paper
"A battered woman is faced with repeated acts of violence by her intimate partner (IP), who is can be a husband, boyfriend, or former spouse (Help for the. . ., 2000). Such abuse may be physical, sexual, and/or psychological, and can lead to serious physical or psychological damage and, in some instance, even to death. Over one-third of all female murder victims are killed by their male partners, a statistic indicative of the degree to which domestic violence has become commonplace in American society (Help for the. . ., 2000). "

Tags: domestic, violence, physical, abuse, murder

Abstract
This paper describes some of the women who participated in the American Revolution - their lives, their stories and their motives. It examines how these significant women were examples of an undercurrent already present in the American society and how, due to the necessity of war, these women were able to be given the chance to make an impact on the society.


I. Introduction ? Social Status of Women in the Revolution
II. Molly Pitcher ? the real story
A. Evidence supporting her existence
B. Evidence denying her existence
C. An American Icon
D. Other Women who took up Arms
III. Women as Spies
A. Ann Bates
B. Miss Jenny
IV. Life as a Camp Follower
A. Women in Supporting Roles
B. The winds of Equality
C. Abigail Adams
D. Patriotism
V. Men's views on Women in the Revolution
A. Women as a Symbol of the Comforts of Home

From the Paper
"Women in the American Revolution played a deciding factor in the success of the colonists in winning their freedom from the Tyranny of England. Traditional roles of men and women had been heavily influenced by the teachings of Christianity in which men were above women and God was above men. The interpretation of this idea was taken rather literally during this time period and many men regarded women as lower beings. During the Revolutionary war women were not considered fit for battle and this was strictly a man's realm. Women were responsible for cooking, mending, sewing, soap making, and other forms of domestic tasks. The onset of the war forced some of these ideas to be loosened due to necessity. The war played a major role in re-defining women's roles in the late 18th century. These ideas began a long series of reforms, which later led to the suffrage movement."

Tags: women, war, america, american, revolution, britain, colonist, equality, feminism