Abstract
This paper explains that the first known bathtub was found in Greece in the great palace of Knossos and included impressive technologies that provided water for the tub, including a system of interlocking terra-cotta pipes. The author believes that the function of the bathroom needs to be pushed to a new extreme, allowing people, spaces, and domestic functions new potentials for hybrid activities. The paper relates that a complete home plumbing system requires three distinct networks of pipes: water supply lines, which carry water under pressure; a network of drain pipes, which works entirely by gravity; and a network of pipes, which serves to maintain equal air pressure throughout the drainpipe so that the flow proceeds without interference.

Table of Contents
Introduction
History of Bathing
Evolution of Sanitation
History of Water Closets
Environmental Aspects
Public Health Aspects
Basic Components of Modern Bathrooms
Toilet or Flush
Sinks
Tubs and Showers
Storage
Ventilation
Natural Lighting
Special Effects with Plants
Appropriate Plants for the Bath
Hydroponics
Spirituality
Landscape of Bathing and Relaxing
Metroscape
Artificial versus Real
The New Landscape in Metro Area
Water Supply Service
Purification
Boosting by Pump
Boosting by Pressure Cylinder Water Pump
Drainage
Vents and Traps
The Ideal Living, the Bathroom in New Product Design Context
The Future of the Bathroom Is Here

From the Paper
"In fact, until the mid-nineteenth century, streets were used as refuse dumping grounds, domestic animals roamed the streets and rodents ran rampant. Cesspools were located near houses and buildings, reeking and spreading germs. The Industrial Revolution and discoveries such as the germ theory brought about major changes in approach, raising the standard of living and ending serious epidemics. By 1900, improved nutrition, better sanitation, and, especially, contributions from bacteriologists increased life expectancy at birth by almost six years to age 47.3."

Tags:ergonomic, sewage, decor, bathtub, toilets

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the famous painting 'The Death of Marat' by Jacques-Louis David is considered to be a masterpiece of neoclassical art. It is also probably one of the most iconic images of the French Revolution. The writer describes that in the center of the painting, the torso of a bleeding, dying man emerges. In his left hand, resting on a table, is a piece of paper with writing on it, while in his right hand, falling down to the ground, is a quill. The writer discusses that David's 'Death of Marat' is meant to dramatize the moment when Jean-Paul Marat, who published the radical newspaper 'The Friend of the People', was murdered. The event occurred dramatically when Marat was writing in his bathtub. The writer maintains that it is largely thanks to the 'Death of Marat' that David is now regarded as one of the great painters of the French Revolution. The writer concludes that the 'Death of Marat' can be found in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts in Brussels, although copies of the painting, created in the revolutionary fervor that followed its unveiling, are on display in museums throughout France.

From the Paper
"It is also not coincidental that David, of all people, would choose to depict Marat's death via painting. Like Marat, David had close ties to the Jacobins. A strong supporter of Robespierre, David became close friends with Marat during his lifetime. Marat and Robespierre both had the charisma and talent of overwhelming large masses of people through their speeches and actions. David would take on the responsibility of organizing Marat's funeral, as well as painting this beautiful, moving homage to the fallen hero. It is in many ways reminiscent of one of his earlier paintings, The Death of Lepelletier de Saint-Fargeau.
"David completed The Death of Marat in a very short time span. It would go on to become one of the most famous paintings of Neoclassicism, and is frequently evoked as David's best painting. Many critics have also evoked David as a precursor of Modernism, thanks to The Death of Marat."

Tags:masterpiece, bathtub, murder, death

Abstract
This paper shows that gambling is a legitimate industry, using the 'bathtub model,' and analyzes its ultimate effects with input-output modeling. It investigates government regulation of the industry and analyzes its effects and the necessity of regulation, also examining moral and legal objections. The paper is well researched and relies heavily on expert opinion to prove the viability of the gaming industry.

From the Paper
"People have had demand for the act of gambling (as well as aversion to it) for many ages. The distant past held gambling in the esteem of being communication from the gods, in whose eyes a lucky gambler held favor (Encarta 2002). Not much has changed, as people still recognize the exceptionality of 'beating the odds,' and the foolishness of expending too many resources in attempt to do so. By nature, the act adversely affects many personal finances; the industry, into which it has developed in modern day America, though, should not be so simply evaluated. This paper will explore the gaming industry's value by questioning its role in the American economy."

Tags:bathtub, berlin, economics, economy, frey, gambling, gazel, industry, model

Abstract
This paper examines the case of Maria Gonzalez, whose 15 month old son was scalded by hot water in the bathtub. It discusses how Maria can use negligence laws, strict tort, and implied warranties to back up her case and bring forth a lawsuit against her landlord and the manufacturer and seller of the water heater.

From the Paper
"It will not be hard for Gonzalez to argue that she did not receive "proper instructions and warnings" of the dangers despite the a warning that appeared in the Morflo manual and on the water heater itself, warning that raising the temperature above 120 degrees increases the risk of a scald injury. There was also a warning printed on the Robertshaw temperature device. The warnings described the full dangers of improperly using the water heater and temperature gauge by setting it to a higher degree than is recommended. This warning could be seen as a disclaimer, removing liability from the manufacturer in case of a scalding accident. In order to claim validity of liability the manufacturer must show that the provision or warning was not "unconscionable, must be conspicuous, and in certain cases must use certain language." However, the disclaimer or warning was not conspicuous to the user because the water heater was kept locked in the basement and was inaccessible to the tenant. "

Tags:negligence, laws, strict, tort, implied, warranties

Abstract
This paper discusses how Alfred Hitchcock laid the groundwork for the character construction and suspense build-up that resonates in modern mystery movies such as "Fight Club" and "What Lies Beneath." Both films are described in detail to show how they exemplify Hitchcock's reliance on character development to unravel the plot. In particular, "What Lies Beneath" contains several Hitchcockian themes and uses several of Hitchcock's suspense building techniques. The paper concludes that the directors of these films knew that the easiest way to involve the audience emotionally was to rely on Hitch's methods, which revolve around creating human imperfection and frailty.

From the Paper
"Fight Club is very reminiscent of Hitch's concept of the doppelganger. There are moral ambiguities and a crisis of character of Edward Norton's character (who is not officially named in the film) in respect to his antagonist Tyler Durden, played by Brad Pitt. The culmination of this complexity results in the revelation that the narrator played by Norton is actually Tyler Durden. Where Jack was a reasonably respectable insurance claims investigator who lived in his safe condo with all his material possessions, he literally becomes his antagonist Tyler Durden, who helped him start Fight Club and influenced him to emerge as the nihilist headman of a terrorist organization. This carefully etched character is reminiscent of the Norman Bates/Mother complex of Psycho."

Tags:Psycho, Rear Window, structuring motif, Suspicion Rebecca, murder bathtub psychopathic