Abstract This paper explains that the first known bathtub was found in Greece in the great palace of Knossos and included impressive technologies that provided water for the tub, including a system of interlocking terra-cotta pipes. The author believes that the function of the bathroom needs to be pushed to a new extreme, allowing people, spaces, and domestic functions new potentials for hybrid activities. The paper relates that a complete home plumbing system requires three distinct networks of pipes: water supply lines, which carry water under pressure; a network of drain pipes, which works entirely by gravity; and a network of pipes, which serves to maintain equal air pressure throughout the drainpipe so that the flow proceeds without interference.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History of Bathing
Evolution of Sanitation
History of Water Closets
Environmental Aspects
Public Health Aspects
Basic Components of Modern Bathrooms Toilet or Flush
Sinks
Tubs and Showers
Storage
Ventilation
Natural Lighting
Special Effects with Plants
Appropriate Plants for the Bath
Hydroponics
Spirituality
Landscape of Bathing and Relaxing
Metroscape
Artificial versus Real
The New Landscape in Metro Area
Water Supply Service
Purification
Boosting by Pump
Boosting by Pressure Cylinder Water Pump
Drainage
Vents and Traps
The Ideal Living, the Bathroom in New Product Design Context
The Future of the Bathroom Is Here
From the Paper "In fact, until the mid-nineteenth century, streets were used as refuse dumping grounds, domestic animals roamed the streets and rodents ran rampant. Cesspools were located near houses and buildings, reeking and spreading germs. The Industrial Revolution and discoveries such as the germ theory brought about major changes in approach, raising the standard of living and ending serious epidemics. By 1900, improved nutrition, better sanitation, and, especially, contributions from bacteriologists increased life expectancy at birth by almost six years to age 47.3."
From the Paper "Designing and remodeling bathrooms can be accomplished in a variety of ways for a variety of prices, from the high end which can cost many tens of thousands of dollars to the low end which can be accomplished for a few dollars. The three major components of the bathroom design are the bath, the sink, and the toilet. In addition to these, there are various accoutrements which complement the larger elements and which enhance the decoration. However, these objects themselves may be made from a variety of different materials of varying costs, from custom-made products at the high end to mass-produced products at the low end.
There are certain requirements of bathroom design which apply no matter what specific materials are being used, and these design principles help the designer achieve the overall.."
Abstract This paper examines the book book "Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places" by Laud Humphreys which redefines the sociology of deviance by showing that men from mainstream society were the main participants of a highly deviant activity?impersonal sex in restrooms dubbed the tearoom. It discusses how he demonstrates that unlike prevalent conceptions of deviant acts as belonging solely to a deviant subculture, such as the gay culture, tearoom sex involves men who are married and live with their wives. It evaluates the criticism on his research strategies such as passing as a deviant in the bathroom in order to be permitted to enter into a deviant world as one and the degree of deception and misrepresentation he uses in order to obtain his information.
From the Paper "According to Humphreys (1975), the participants engage in tearoom sex in accordance with this fundamental rule: maximize the reward and minimize the cost. In this case, the reward is to obtain sexual satisfaction while the cost is exposure to unwanted intruders such as friends from mainstream society, police and bullies (pp. 45-7). The tearoom environment suits men from mainstream societies for several reasons. The most popular restrooms used are located near freeways?the main commuter routes. These men can always use the excuse that they stop to use the restrooms on their way home. They risk being seen if they go to gay bars and baths. Furthermore, the silence and the impersonality of the tearoom atmosphere allow the men to dissociate themselves from the deviant world the moment they leave the bathrooms, without risking any relationships (Humphreys, 1975, pp. 152-4)."
Abstract This report discusses the results of the effects of the nutrient, agar on bacteria found on bathroom surfaces. The report describes the materials used and the methods in which they are used. The paper then examines and interprets the results of the experiment. This paper includes tables and graphs that illustrate the findings of the test.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Materials and Methods
Results
Interpretation
References
From the Paper "The agar used was Nutrient Agar. According to (Colome, et. al., 1986), Nutrient Agar includes 3.0 g Beef extract, 5.0 g Tryptone, 15.0 g Agar and 1000.0 ml Distilled water. The final pH is 7.0 at 25 degrees C. This is a complex infusion agar that "supports the growth of nonfastidious heterotrophic microorganisms" (D11). It can be a selective media depending on what nutrients are added. According to Bauman (2009), "Selective media typically contain substances that either favor the growth of particular microorganisms or inhibit the growth of unwanted ones" (p. 180). Here, however, the nutrient agar is being used to grow whatever bacteria it might be inoculated with."
Abstract Analysis of Humphreys' book on the sociology of deviance. Book centers on a study of men from mainstream society (most married) who engaged in impersonal sex with other men in public bathrooms. Subculture. Risks involved (exposure, police) and reward (sexual satisfaction). Faults author's controversial research strategy (posing as a deviant to obtain information) & his methodology as violations of the freedom & privacy rights of his subjects, and as lacking depth. Praises book for its enlightening perspective.
From the Paper "In Tearoom Trade: Impersonal Sex in Public Places, Laud Humphreys redefined the sociology of deviance by showing that men from mainstream society were the main participants of a highly deviant activity?impersonal sex in restrooms dubbed the tearoom (Rainwater in Humphreys, 1975, p. xiii). Unlike prevalent conceptions of deviant acts as belonging solely to a deviant subculture, such as the gay culture, tearoom sex involves men who are married and live with their wives (Humphreys, 1975, p. 105).
Depending on how far their deviant behavior deviated from the rest of their lives, these men faced different risks by participating in tearoom sex. Therefore, Humphreys (1975) discovered that married men with a respectable position in mainstream society compensated for their deviant behavior by..."
Abstract This paper discusses black baseball players of times gone by through a review of Darrell J. Howard's book, "Sunday Coming: Black Baseball in Virginia". The paper presents stories about players who played for love of the game and pride in their communities. The paper explains that these games were played during the period of Jim Crow segregation when black people were forced to avoid using public bathrooms, public drinking fountains, and clearly, the fun of the game lifted spirits up for black folks during a time of rampant racism and prejudice in Virginia and elsewhere in America.
From the Paper "Moreover, in an era today when ballplayers make millions of dollars per year to play the traditional game of baseball, and fans read about the drugs being used by some players ? and a one-time great player named Ken Caminiti who admitted to using cocaine and steroids, died in October, 2004 at the age of 41 from his abuses ? reading Sunday Coming is a joy and a throwback to an era of innocence. And in this modern era when fans pay up to $50 a ticket, and even much more, to watch the millionaires play the game of baseball, it is refreshing to read Sunday Coming. That is because Sunday Coming is about a period of time not so long ago in America when men played "for the sport and competition, without the expensive promotion, sponsorship, gratuitous pay and reward" (4)."
This paper discusses assistive technology, any equipment used to increase, maintain or improve the capabilities of persons suffering from any type of disabilities or impairment.
Abstract This paper explains that one area of assistive technology refers to devices that are used by disabled people to promote an easy access to computers, such as text-to-speech screen readers, voice recognition software, alternative keyboards, head pointing equipment and screen magnifiers. The author points out that 'Speech Recognition' software is often used by individuals with dyslexia and dysgraphia; however, a basic training process is required by which the computer is learns to recognize and accept the individual user's speech patterns. The paper relates that home or workplace modifications, such as ramps, lifts and adaptations in the bathrooms and toilets, can be done so that the individuals can move around within their own familiar surroundings without much difficulty.
From the Paper "Assistive technology devices to be used at home also include, among others, several self-help aids that the individual can use at home to help him in his various activities like eating, bathing, cooking, dressing, toileting, the maintenance of his home, and so on. Persons with difficulty with communication can use electronic as well as non-electronic devices that would enable them to communicate better with other people associated with them. A computer that would work as an assistive device is an extremely important and useful tool for those who have any type of disabilities, and one example of this is the various input and output devices available for such people, like speech recognition software, Braille, and touch screens."
Abstract This paper presents a project - the construction of a residence consisting of two living space levels, four bedrooms and two bathrooms. The paper discusses the two levels of project management in the development of the home and how they are carried out. It then looks at the project lifestyle and discusses the scheduled timeline set forth for completion.
Table of Contents:
Project Life Cycle
Operations
Conclusion
From the Paper "Assigned to the project's initial phases, there are two levels of project management, which ultimately helped in the outline of the development of the entire home (Denton, 2001). The highest, who has overseen every phase of construction, was assigned to a land developer whom also strategically developed the architecture of the specific home type. The developer was appointed by the bank to oversee every aspect of construction from the breaking of the dirt to the certificate of occupancy. Through each phase of the construction, the land developer was provided reports on budget status and the continual projected time-frames as the home progressed. This type of a supervision is proven to be constructively supporting to the development of homes (Gatlin Education Services, 2007)."
