Abstract The paper discusses the lower back as an area of the body for which people seek pain treatment far more frequently than almost any other. The paper notes that chronic low back pain is a primary reason for individuals to seek and potentially become addicted to narcotic pain medication. Additionally, many individuals overuse over the counter analgesics and or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (often a cause of stomach problems or even vascular and cardiac damage). The paper discusses the use of BASI Pilates as a core muscle training program that can, when applied correctly, alleviate and even eliminate chronic lower back pain through training. This includes balance and the strengthening of abdominal and back muscles.
Outline:
Anatomical Description of Lower Back
Introduction
Body
BASI Pilates Regiment (Abdomen and Lower Back)
Case Study
Conclusion
From the Paper "The lower back is the lay term usually given to the lumbar and sacrum portions of the spinal column and all the muscles and connective tissues that surround them. The spinal column is composed of 33 interlocking vertebrae and the sacrum, the lowers five vertebrates plus the scrum make up what is known as the lower back. This are of the back is frequently a source of pain as there are many stressors and or injuries/diseases that can effect it as well as the stressful posture of continual sitting or standing or lifting using back instead of leg muscles can create superficial strain or deep muscle strain on the area."
Abstract This paper discusses the basis of basic human morality in the world today. It looks at religious moral traditions and briefly discusses the basis of Christian, Jewish and Muslim moral teachings. The paper then discusses secular moral concepts and compares these with religious moral teachings. The paper finally discusses the fundamental problems associated with religious values.
Table of Contents:
Introduction - Morality in Human Life
Religious Moral Traditions
Secular Moral Concepts
Fundamental Problems Associated with Religious Values
Conclusion - Resolving Contradictory Moral Philosophies
From the Paper "The most encouraging view of different religious moral teachings and secular laws that still prevail in modern societies is that the role of religious dogma and superstition has been decreasing steadily for several generations (Einstein, 1930), due, in large part to the perspective provided by scientific understanding. Likewise, modern human societies seem to be decreasing their reliance on ancient beliefs and scripture to derive practical moral values more consistent with human happiness and mutual tolerance of religious, cultural, and racial differences. Secular law is increasingly meeting the needs of establishing moral standards of conduct that protect everyone in society equally, while also protecting the right of free religious worship in private."
Abstract This paper discusses the concepts of inheritance on issues of intelligence and personality, or any issue that seems to indicate a biological basis for human behavior. The paper concludes that while it can make its case for the inheritance of sexual preference, it needs larger study populations to be more definitive and that there appears to be no one theory that at this time can lead to a definitive answer.
Table of Contents:
Introduction To The Topic
Theories on Homosexuality - Socio-biological Perspectives
Theories of Inheritance - The Brain Studies Model
Theories of Inheritance - The Twin Study
Summary
From the Paper "The authors did note that there appeared to be one significantly inconsistent result in their study. In respect to the non-twin brothers, and not reported in the data above, the rate of homosexuality was 9.2%, which was significantly lower than the expected rate. (It should be explained that the rate of homosexuality in this group should be approximately the same for non-twin brothers as it would be for dizygotic twins)"
Abstract This paper discusses the biological bases of human romantic interest, mate selection, the prevailing patterns of promiscuity, infidelity in marriage and gender-based biological responses to marital infidelity, both real and imaginary. The paper discusses the research for each of these areas and examines how the concluded facts affect human mate selection. An annotated bibliography is included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Biological Basis of Human Sexual Attraction
The Significance of Symmetry, Hormonal Variation, and Fertility Indicators
The Role of Scent and Genetically-based Histocompatibility
Universal Gender-based Differences in the Response to Jealousy and Infidelity
From the Paper "Even the human response to jealousy is largely dictated by evolutionary responses (DeSteno, et al 2002) rather than concepts of higher moral principle. According to Margulis & Sagan, (1999), human males who suspected (rightly or wrongly) that their partners had been unfaithful produced dramatically higher concentrations of sperm in their ejaculate upon their first sexual contact after either reunion or reconciliation. Likewise, a study by Pietrzak, et al (2002) demonstrated the degree to which hormonal responses to infidelity differ between human males and females differed in terms of whether the threats involved emotional intimacy or sexual intimacy."
Abstract This paper defines and compares two concepts in accounting - the cash basis and the accrual basis. It shows that the cash basis of accounting is more likely to be used by service businesses than by retail or manufacturing businesses. The paper also provides an example in table form to show the differences between the two systems.
From the Paper "In short, under the cash method, a business reports income when it is received and reports expenses when cash is disbursed. Under the accrual method, a business reports income when the business has the right to receive the income and reports expenses when all events, which create the liability, have occurred and the amount of the expense is reasonably determinable."
Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine evaluate knowledge management in an attempt to define how KM can be effectively applied by global organizations on a daily basis. A literature review is conducted as an initial approach to evaluating the idea of knowledge management and in an attempt to uncover strategies that have been proven effective in its implementation on a daily basis.
Outline
Introduction
Purpose of Paper
Why Examine IT Cultures?
Methodology
Literature Review
Main Findings/Analysis
From the Paper "Technology is the driving force behind Knowledge Management. Technology is necessary for KM to succeed, but it is not an important enough component to be the sole driving force behind Knowledge Management; likewise IT companies are driving the knowledge revolution (Desenberg 2000, p. 52). IT companies are working to help eliminate barriers to knowledge sharing such as geography (Desenberg 2000, p. 52). Thus it is critical to examine KM principles and practices from an IT perspective. Chairman of Hewlett Packard Corporation is quoted as saying, "If HP only knew what HP knows, we'd be worth twice what we are today" (Desenberg, 2000, p. 52). Thus, it is critical that one examine the potential for combined knowledge and experiences and the value they would bring."
Abstract The paper discusses how the province of Ontario was recently the site for a significant struggle between the values of secular and religious cultures when it was proposed that Islamic sharia law join Catholicism and Judaism as a basis for family law arbitration. The paper examines how, in September 2005, the McGuinty government, after a long public debate, decided that neither Islamic sharia nor any other religion would be used as the basis for arbitration under Ontario law.
Abstract This paper explains that the basis for micro-marketing through website interaction and blogging help bring about a greater diversity in how advertising can be accomplished with media markets. The basis for a post-modern global community has been the driving force allowing for more community interaction and diversity. This form of advertising works within new modes of information that depend more on people and multi-cultural ways of communication, rather than the automaton of TV commercials and newspaper ads.
From the Paper "By realizing the depth and scope of the American military industrial complex, links can be made to the news agencies that support this agenda in journalistic reporting. In many ways, the use of pro-war propaganda is used to help news agencies to work adjacently within the government in supporting a biased form norm in news reporting."
Abstract This paper discusses the concept of the exclusionary rule in criminal justice. Specifically, it describes the basis for the rule that puts restrictions on the way in which the police department can conduct a search, when they can search and where they can search. It describes the basis of this rule as being the suspected criminal's rights under the Fourth Amendment and discusses the implications of this law for criminal justice.
From the Paper "The exclusionary rule is "the principle that the prosecution in a criminal case may not use evidence obtained in violation of the Constitution, particularly evidence derived from illegal search and seizure in violation of the Fourth Amendment" (Clapp, 2000, p. 169). The purpose of the exclusionary rule is to curb illegal and invasive behavior by law enforcement by putting restrictions on the way in which they can conduct a search, when they can search, and where they can search. Furthermore, it makes sure that the police have ample evidence to believe that the place and/or person to be searched contains the vital evidence for which they are looking."
Abstract This paper reviews the history of lead poisoning and its various implications in adults and children. It describes the incidence of the problem today and follows with a discussion of the epidemiology of lead poisoning and the pathophysiological and biochemical basis of lead poisoning in children and adults. The paper then provides recommendations for preventing lead poisoning in the United States and abroad.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
History of Lead Poisoning
Incidence of the Problem
Epidemiology of Lead Poisoning
Pathophysiological and Biochemical Basis of Lead Poisoning in Children and Adults
Recommendations to Eliminate Lead Poisoning as a Public Health Hazard
Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper "Lead has been used by mankind for centuries, but the dangers associated with its use have only been identified fairly recently. The research showed that in spite of some progress in recent years, lead poisoning represents one of the leading preventable public health threats for young people in the United States and abroad today. The research showed that there are no safe levels of lead exposure for children, and lead levels as low as 10 [micro]g/dL have been shown to affect child development. A host of other health issues are implicated in lead poisoning as well, but most people tend to recover completely if appropriate treatments are provided in a timely manner. Finally, the research was consistent in emphasizing the inherent problems in addressing the problem of lead poisoning among low-income families where the exigencies of daily life preclude concern over this potential threat. Clearly, lead poisoning represents a challenging and ongoing threat to the nation's welfare, and public health officials continue to pursue increasingly aggressive campaigns to address the issue, but the studies to date suggest that these initiatives will remain ineffective unless and until the economic disparities that exist between the world's affluent and poor are addressed first."
Abstract This paper explores the allocation or assignment of children to different classes on the basis of intelligence. The paper discusses the numerous practical and pedagogical reasons for this process of differentiation and assignment. Yet, the paper shows the many counter arguments which tend to emphasize the advantage of an inclusive and heterogeneous class situation. The paper reveals that these arguments are dependent to a great degree on the meaning and the application of the term 'intelligence'. The paper concludes that there is more in favor of not assigning classes on the basis of intelligence.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
The Advantage of Whole-Class Teaching
Assignment According to Intelligence
Conclusion
From the Paper "Many educational theorists refer to fundamental and basic premises that pertain to all of education. This ideal of education can be seen to encompass the promotion of the ethos of democracy and is related to the fact that it encourages channels of communication at different levels and facilitates purposeful and fruitful interaction between various elements of our complex society. Education in its idealized form is seen as breaking down barriers of both communication and misunderstanding between children and generating hope for the future."
The concept of "planning and forecasting" from the basics are explained in this paper including the meaning of forecasting, planning and forecasting, methods of forecasting and techniques of forecasting.
Abstract The term forecasting can be defined as the process of estimating the reverent event of future based on the analysis of their past & present behavior. This definition of forecasting gives rise to three essential characteristics of forecasting. Firstly, forecasting relates to future events. It is the estimation of what will happen in future secondly,forces are made by analyzing the past & present events which are relevant. Anything predicted of the future can't be termed as forecasting. It requires proper analyzing of past & present event requires certain statistical & mathematical tools. Relating the business to forecasting, it may be defined as management tool which provides the necessary raw material for budgeting.
From the Paper "Ever since the man has developed the understanding to find out the concepts behind the phenomena's of nature, further prediction & forecasting has been the main tool in the hand of the person who starts up the experiments projects or any systematic activity to come to the required conclusion. Every individual every institution has to forecast some thing or the other in the daily sphere of life. All of us are interested in forecasting of some type or the other it could be the forecasting of daily experience in a day to day life or it could be related to the respective work, job or any activity. Forecasting is gradually becoming a must for all spheres of human activity may it be house politics or business. Needless to say it has a lot of importance in any of the respective spheres."
Abstract The Four Causes are enumerated as the following: the material cause, efficient cause, formal cause and final cause. This paper provides an definition of each of these causes as they relate to the processes and functions that a being or object goes through, and the basis for existence.
From the Paper "The proper definitions that Aristotle gave in explaining the concept of each cause are the following:
1)Material Cause- That out of which something occurs comes to be and which is present in that thing.
2)Formal Cause- That in virtue of which something is the sort of thing that it is.
3)Efficient Cause- That from which comes the beginning of motion or rest.
4)Final Cause- That for the purpose of which something comes to be.
The following definitions are somewhat complicated in that they do not give us a concrete idea what the following causes explain in describing the processes and functions of a being or object in this world. A simplified explanation of the Four Causes is given through an article in the Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2001), and these are the following: (1) Material Cause is the elements out of which an object is created; (2) Formal Cause is the expression of what it is; (3) Efficient Cause is the means by which it is created; and (4) Final Cause id the end for what it is. These simplified versions of Aristotle's definitions for the Four Causes are sufficient enough for us to be able to explain the essence of these concepts in applying to the actuality of existence, the processes, and functions of the being or object."
Abstract The paper looks at biology and the insights of Charles Darwin to argue that war is necessary, that it is a part of life and that no moral argument for or against war will stop it happening in the future. The paper argues that war is an inevitable outcome of evolution, since, in essence, war is a fight over who controls resources. The paper also explains that war is an outgrowth of sexual selection and again looks at biology and its "survival of the fittest" theory for a basis to form an argument that war is simply a natural part of life.
From the Paper "Inevitably, males compete for female attention, and often literally lock horns in that fight (consider moose in their fights where they butt and entangle each other with their antlers). Again, biology makes the rules: the fitter the male, the more likely he will be chosen by one or many females to reproduce. This basic impulse can lead to war. It is no coincidence that Helen of Troy was said to have a face that ?launched a thousand ships.? If males cannot reproduce, their genetic endowment will be lost. Much research in primates has shown that often it is the fittest males who win the reproductive favors from most of the males, while many of the other less fit, aggressive males don?t manage to reproduce at all. This is nature's way of ensuring the strength of a given species."
Abstract This paper states the author's belief that the primary basis for the state's authority over citizens is consent. The author explains that, in spite of the fact that humans are free, they also understand that they need the safety that can only be found in the formation of a state. The paper relates that Rousseau's theory of justice asserted that the laws of the state should always be adhered to if the security of the citizens was going to be preserved.
From the Paper "Hobbes and Locke were both social contract theorists, and their beliefs about a commonwealth were similar and were both built on the basis of consent. Now Hobbes also believed that consent was essential to the formation of a state and that the only reason why people give consent to be governed is to serve their own self-interest. Hobbes believed that in the state of nature man is in a condition of war; each man was against each man. He also argued that a man would do anything to preserve his own life even if he had to give up his right to freedom. In the Leviathan he writes, ?The passions that incline men to peace are the fear of death.? (Hobbes) Hobbes also argued that man desires to live in peace and enjoy the fruits of his labor; he asserted that this could only be done by the formation of a commonwealth based on the consent of the citizens."
