Abstract
This paper describes how Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs" can be used to classify and quantify the basic needs of human beings in a way that allows commentators, as well as managers and employees alike, to assess these needs in terms of motivation, leadership, and teamwork in an organization.

From the Paper
"Maslow's basic premise is that there are quantifiable human needs that can be categorized in a hierarchy of order of importance versus order of fulfillment necessity. That is, at the bottom of the hierarchy, the human needs exist that must be fulfilled for survival and physical comfort, whereas at the top of the hierarchy, the human needs exist
that are more abstract and difficult to achieve, such as self-esteem and self-actualization. These needs are seen as being universal."

Tags:resources, organizational, theory, cultural, context, physiological, physical, security

Abstract
Following an introduction highlighting the importance of effective math instruction for special needs children, this paper reviews the literature on effective methods of instruction. The reviewed methods include: teaching math concepts; developing lesson plans that integrate math facts with conceptual algorithms for basic operations; using diverse methods to each operation; providing additional information about basic operations; utilizing direct instruction strategies; utilizing CAI and proper software packets.

From the Paper
"Westwood has pointed out that one of the most difficult learning areas for special needs students of diverse learning disabilities is mathematics. The multiple problems encountered by these students include difficulties deciding how to approach a given math problem especially word problems, making effective decisions about math operations and carrying out specified plans for problem solving. Nonetheless, Algozzine and Ysseldyke report that teaching mathematics to students with special needs can be both rewarding and exciting. However, the existence of multiple problems..."

Tags:math instruction, students, special needs, lesson plans, CAI, software

Abstract
This paper reviews the principal tenants of Maslow's Hiearchy of Needs theory and Vroom's Expectancy Theory and their application to the design of the 'Big 4" audit firm Ernst & Young. Maslow's five ascending needs, physiological, safety, esteem, self-actualization and self-transcendence are described. The writer also discusses the basic calculation at the heart of Expectancy Theory that an employee makes in choosing to do or not to do a given task.

From the Paper
"Ernst & Young is on Fortune Magazine's 'Top 100 Companies To Work For' and has been for many years now. One of the world's largest audit firms, it employs people over 110,000 people worldwide and reported annual revenues of $18.4 billion during its 2006 fiscal year. As an employee I receive a number of benefits. I receive several types of direct monetery compensation: a salary, a housing subsidy, and a telephone allowance."

Tags:needs, expectancy

Abstract
The paper's basic premise is that all children in society deserve the very best that society can afford them in terms of education. The paper then proceeds to look at the educational, emotional and psychological needs of special needs children and whether these needs can best be met with a separate, segregated educational system or by the inclusion of such childcare into mainstream educational institutions. The papers examines the problem from a historical point of view and goes on to look at the problems involved with both viewpoints both from the point of view of teachers and the system as well as that of children and their families. Whilst the writer of the paper does draw conclusions, they also state that continuing research and changes in present practices could cause them to change their opinion.

From the Paper
"The word "segregation" sounds negative and creates the impression that those who are separated are not given the care and attention that they deserve. Students of history may very well find parallels in the United States educational system in the 1950s and 1960s when blacks had to attend segregated schools with inferior facilities. Those who link segregation with less than stellar care and attention may be forgiven for that, considering this unfortunate historical reality. But segregation, in my view, need not be viewed in such a negative light if there is a true commitment on the part of society to attend to the needs of each member of the society. It would seem, at least, on the surface, that putting children with special needs together with those in the mainstream does a disservice to both because each group is unable to get the kind of focus it requires to have its members develop themselves to their full potential. Russell (2006) reports that teachers and teaching assistants struggle to cope with their more challenging pupils as they lack the necessary resources to accommodate these pupils. There is also an implication that standards suffer because, the inclusive classroom, which opens up mainstream classrooms to children with special needs has forced teachers without the proper training to grapple with problems that take their focus off their mission of educating the children under their care. According to a National Union of Teachers Report (2004), there are examples of teachers dealing with personal care tasks, and therefore indirectly neglecting the education of mainstream pupils. In other cases, teaching assistants who lacked the necessary expertise of teachers were often left to care for the children."

Tags:teachers, classroom, pupils, standards, training, disabilities, learning

Abstract
This paper explains that Jib Fowles' article "Advertising's Fifteen Basic Appeals" discusses how advertising contains certain unconscious emotional appeals, which he classifies into fifteen different categories that advertisers use in order to reach different demographics and psycho-graphics. Next, the author reviews specifically ten ads from the September 2011 issue of "Seventeen", a magazine for girls from ages fourteen to early twenties targeted at all races and incomes. The paper concludes that Fowles' categories of appeals for the need to achieve, for the need to feel safe and for the need for aesthetic sensations appear in these advertisements and apply perfectly to the age demographics of this magazine.

From the Paper
"The need to achieve causes people to strive in their lives for not only the present, but for the future as well. This appeal fits perfectly for Seventeen because the age range is fourteen to early twenties. These girls are working to be able to achieve different goals for the present and the future. From the ten ads three really demonstrated the appeal for the need to achieve. Two out of the three are related to education and moving on which is one of the main points of the need to achieve. The first ad is for the Art Institutes. It gives information about a future in fashion. It opens the window for young girls interested in fashion to be able to think about their future and to possibly use this opportunity for achievement. The ad also has a young girl standing and staring at the reader. The girl's expression and body language allows the reader to think' "This could be me," or "What would it be like to be in her shoes." Another very important aspect of the ad is the very top of the ad itself. It is an open ended question with a blank at the end. It reads" With my passion for fashion I will create ______." This allows a reader to answer the question themselves and make it a personal advertisement, rather than a universal advertisement."

Tags:fashion, body language, sports face perfection

Abstract
The paper discusses how the issue of employee rights is typically difficult to navigate in many healthcare situations, as many such circumstances are far from conventional, unexpected or even predictable. The writer reflects on his experience with a 95 year-old female Caucasian patient who initially felt uncomfortable with a male nurse, and asserts that the issue truly comes down to a question of priorities as his rights as an employee are pitted against her right to be the leader of her own care. The paper posits that to reflect upon the nursing philosophies of Florence Nightingale and Jean Watson, one must revert to the basic, foundational standards of care and keep in mind the primary motivation for any nurse; to promote health through the implementation of care that aligns with the patient's values and beliefs.

From the Paper
"The issue of employee rights is typically difficult to navigate in many healthcare situations, as many such circumstances are far from conventional, unexpected or even predictable. As I reflect on my experience with a 95 year-old female Caucasian patient who initially felt..."

Tags:ethics, moral, dilemma

Abstract
This paper illustrates a growing problem in the UK, of potentially productive members of the work force being unable to contribute fully due to a lack of basic skills. The paper primarily focuses on the Moser Report, which states that there is a need for a national strategy to address this problem and makes recommendations in ten key areas. The paper then discusses the Moser Report and its recommendations as well as some of its drawbacks.

Outline:
Background
Key Policies - Teacher Training
Materials
Differentiation
Individual Learner Plans
Benefits of ILPs
Drawbacks of ILPs
Implementation
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Since the publication in 1999 of the Moser Report (A Fresh Start: Improving Numeracy and Literacy), several subsequent reports (including Further Education: Raising Skills, Improving Life Chances, Skills for Life: The National Strategy for Improving Adult Literacy and Numeracy Skills and Success for All) have also stated that in order to remain economically competitive, it is essential that there is a productive work force in the U.K. This productivity is dependent on the skills possessed by the individual members of the work force. Unfortunately, at present there are many potentially productive members of the work force who are unable to contribute fully due to a lack of basic skills."

Tags:language, limitations, flexible, teachers

Abstract
The objective of this research paper is to first identify the problem that is prevalent amongst nursing students today and that is their lack of proficiency in basic mathematics skills. After identifying the problem and its consequences the author goes on to analyze the challenges faced by countries and nursing educators with regard to this problem. The author addresses the lack of nurses, the ever-widening gates into the profession and the pressure to exit from the profession that are some of the challenges faced by countries with regard to nursing. The paper then discusses the challenges faced by nursing educators with regard to students' lack of proficiency in mathematics tht are their inability to identify those who need help, their inability to identify the level of help required and also the circle of paradoxical demand.

From the Paper
"The objective of this research paper is to first identify the problem that is prevalent amongst nursing students today and that is their lack of proficiency in basic mathematics skills. After identifying the problem and its consequences the author goes on to analyze the challenges faced by countries and nursing educators with regard to this problem. The lack of nurses, the ever-widening gates in to the profession and the pressure to exit from the profession are some of the challenges faced by countries with regard to nursing. The challenges faced by nursing..."

Tags:nursing, education, mathematics

Abstract
People need food and water to survive, but do they need to have sex? What is the cause behind human sexual behavior? A foremost reason for having sex is to have children, and if we did not reproduce, the human species would cease to exist. The paper shows that, on the contrary, in today's world, one technically does not need to engage in intercourse to reproduce. New technologies in the medical industry can allow the creation of a fetus outside of tradition. The paper questions, therefore, whether people can stop having sex or whether our bodies need it for other psychological reasons. The paper covers five causes on which to review the psychological perspective of sexual behavior: the sexual response cycle, internal factors, external factors, mate selection, and sexual orientation.

From the Paper
"What is sexual orientation? Sexual orientation is a person's sexual and emotional attraction to members of the same sex or the opposite sex. Examples of sexual orientations are: heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality. There have been many theories as to how an individual chooses to become heterosexual or homosexual. Research has been constructed on biological influences, a theory of brain interactions during development that cause feminization or masculinization. This nature versus nurture speculation is too early in the works to determine the cause of sexual orientation, however we know that genetics and brain structure are associated (Psychology: The Adaptive Mind, 443). Other theories have been based on timing of sexual maturity, peer groups, and gender identity."

Tags:hormone, orgasm, sexuality

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the concepts of social citizenship and welfare are intertwined in terms of views on basic human needs and the right to the means of meeting these needs. The writer discusses that the concept of social citizenship itself is based upon the investigations and writings of T.H. Marshall. The writer maintains that while welfare even in its earliest forms has always been based upon the well-being of citizens within a country, Marshall expanded this idea to include the rights of citizens beyond only legal and political equality. The writer discusses that this expansion also includes social equality rights such as a minimum level of economic security and social welfare that should be provided by the state. The writer then looks at social citizenship and the British welfare state.

Outline:
Social Citizenship and Welfare
The British Welfare State
The Contribution of Social Citizenship

From the Paper
" Social citizenship and its relation to the welfare state has received increasing attention from critics over the last decades of the 20th century to date. Indeed, some have gone as far as stating that Marshall's views are no longer relevant for the current welfare state. Mass opinion appears to tend towards a defection from relying upon the state to provide economic and health security, as an increasing number of citizens tend to make private policy provisions for their health and future pension. This appears to indicate a fundamental disillusion with the concept of social citizenship and with the ability of the state to provide its citizens with the level of financial and health security that they need."

Tags:health, security, NHS, public