Abstract
This paper evaluates the financial position of Wendy's International Corporation, a fast food restaurant, by comparing it to the financial position of McDonald's Corporation. This author reports that Wendy's income performance, while strong, is substantially inferior to that of McDonald's; and, in this area more than any other, Wendy's needs to improve if the corporation is to narrow the gap. This paper states that McDonald's has a substantially higher inventory turnover and holds less than half as many days in sales than does Wendy's.

Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Financial Position
Income Performance
Short-Term Liquidity
Long-Term Solvency
Asset Management
Profitability
Market Value

List of Appendices
Common-Size Balance Sheets McDonald's Corporation
Common-Size Balance Sheets Wendy's International
Combined Common-Size & Base-Year Balance Sheets McDonald's Corporation
Combined Common-Size & Base-Year Balance Sheets Wendy's International
Common-Size Balance Sheet Wendy's International With Baseline Comparison
Common-Size Income Statements McDonald's
Common-Size Income Statements Wendy's
Combined Common-Size & Base-Year Income Statements McDonald's
Combined Common-Size & Base-Year Income Statements Wendy's
Common-Size Income Statement Wendy's With Baseline Comparison
Short-Term Liquidity Ratios Wendy's With Baseline Comparison
Long-Term Solvency Ratios Wendy's With Baseline Comparison
Asset Management Ratios Wendy's With Baseline Comparison
Profitability Ratios Wendy's With Baseline Comparison
Market Value Ratios Wendy's With Baseline Comparison
Du Point Analysis Wendy's 1998

From the Paper
"With respect to short-term liquidity, Wendy's compares well in relation to McDonald's (refer to Appendix B-1). The reason for the Wendy's advantage lies in the corporation's decision to keep such a high proportion of assets in a current status. This strategy is not conducive to the most productive use of the corporation's assets.

"In relation to debt ratios, Wendy's is superior to McDonald's (refer to Appendix B-2). In this area, Wendy's also is superior to McDonald's in relation to interest coverage, as the corporation uses borrowing very little in comparison to McDonald's."

Tags:performance, income, turnover, comparison, liquidity, assets

Abstract
Discusses the large worldwide holdings of HSBC, the success of its electronic banking services, acquisitions, performance measurement, actions of HSBC, baseline analysis, baseline business, and WBS.

From the Paper
"Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd. is the namesake bank within HSBC Holdings, headquartered in the United Kingdom. Along with owning the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd., HSBC also owns France's CCF, and 62% of ..."

Abstract
This paper reviews how critical care practitioners in the United Kingdom can find information on new research in their area of specialty, how this can be communicated and how it can be implemented into their patient care. The author investigates clinical audits. The paper urges the establishment of a baseline audit before implementing new practices and monitoring their effects on patient well-being.

From the Paper
"Since there is great variety between institutions and between individual nurses and patients, there is no simple practice of critical care, which will suit call cases. Managers of clinical areas need to work with providers of education to make sure that ..."

Tags:critical care practitioners, research

Abstract
This study proposes to study the impact of personality traits on the treatment of depression among the elderly. It analyzes the results through the examination of NEO-Five-Factor-Inventory scores in comparison to improvements of Beck Depression Inventory scores between baseline and outcome measures in three experimental treatment conditions (antidepressants, psychotherapy and combination therapy). The study hypothesizes that combination therapy is significantly more effective than the other treatment conditions in the reduction of depressive symptoms and that personality traits are significantly associated with treatment outcomes.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion

From the Paper
"Research has determined that forms of psychosocial intervention, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), behavioral therapy, cognitive bibliotherapy, reminiscence group therapy, and problem-solving group therapy, may be effective treatment interventions for geriatric depression. A combination of psychotherapy and antidepressant medication might be an appropriate treatment for individuals presenting with moderate to severe depression. A study by Thompson, Coon, Gallagher-Thompson, Sommer & Koin (2001) examined the efficacy of a specific antidepressant medication (Desipramine), a specific psychotherapy (CBT), and a combination approach, (CBT and Desipramine), in the treatment of depression among the elderly. The results indicated that, although patients in all three treatment conditions experienced substantial improvement in their depressive symptoms, the patients receiving the combination treatment and those receiving CBT alone showed greater improvements than those patients that only received Desipramine. Therefore, the researchers concluded that CBT is an effective treatment for depression in older adults, and that the combination of pharmacotherapy and CBT may be of particular usefulness among patients who do not effectively respond to either antidepressants or psychotherapy alone."

Tags:antidepressants, psychotherapy, combination, CBT

Abstract
This dissertation study tests the effectiveness of an everyday activities-based protocol for managing challenging and disruptive behaviors of 13-23 year old residential students (male and female) with autism who live at Melmark Homes and attend school or adult day programs. The study applies behavior analysis and focuses on everyday occupations (activities) and combines this analysis and focus during the intervention phase. The study also uses reinforcements sub-task completion and the duration of participation, but not for the absence of target maladaptive or disruptive behaviors. Behavior analysis is used, however, to document the frequency/duration of the target behaviors during each condition. In the study, interventions occur daily, Monday through Friday and a single-subject, multiple-baseline, across-subjects design with nine subjects is used to evaluate change in behaviors under alternating conditions. Data is analyzed using graphical, semi-statistical, and statistical techniques, including slopes, 2 standard deviation bands, and the C-statistic. The projected outcome of the study is the validation of an activities-based protocol to enable greater participation of individuals with Autism in everyday activities and in their communities, be they residential or non-residential (home-based) communities.

Research Question
Significance
Background
Review of the Relevant Literature

From the Paper
"Historically, documented disruptive behaviors displayed by residential students diagnosed with autism and other developmental disabilities include noncompliance, physical and verbal aggression, inappropriate verbalizations not characterized as aggression, poor social skills, as well as deficits in attention to task (Green, 1996; Luce, 1981; Maurice, 1996). These behaviors require residential treatment and preclude participation in community based activities, (Luce, 2004). Educators generally agree that deficits in academic skills result from a decrease in on-task behaviors because of disruptive off-task behaviors (Skinn, Ramsey, Walker, Stieber, & O'Neill, 1987)."

Tags:verbal, praise, token, economies, time, out, self-contained, classrooms, residential, facilities

Abstract
This document discusses the relevance of a Bachelor's of Business program in terms of both professional and personal development. The writer points out that undergraduate business programs provide a baseline of skills and knowledge that provide employers the assurance that future employees who are graduates of such a program are both resourceful and competent. Several courses, both general and core are examined in the context of personal development as well as their importance in the workplace in the funeral home industry specifically. Finally, some recommendations are made to further shift business school course content and delivery methodology into virtual formats.

From the Paper
"A typical college education in any specialty or field implies a certain degree of baseline knowledge, resourcefulness, and organizational capabilities inherent in an individual's academic training who has obtained such a college education. These attributes are even more important and further developed in undergraduate business education programs because the ability of these programs' graduates to make informed and incisive decisions based on real and factual data cannot be overstated. An undergraduate business education program must impart an equal mix of factual knowledge within certain functional areas with that of the appropriate theoretical and reasoning tools requisite to conduct one's self in an informed and authoritative manner in a given industry."

Tags:business, education, courses

Abstract
This paper discusses the new Indian education policy put into effect by the Clinton administration. This paper explains Clinton's strategy is to evaluate the role Native language and customs play in Indian education, establish baseline date, report and develop. The goal is to implement the policy within two years.

Abstract
Electrochemical gradients are essential for biologic processes including but not limited to neuronal signaling, respiration, and osmoregulation. The Sodium-Potassium (Na/K) pump is one of the most well characterized structures for actively establishing these gradients. The current generated by the Na/K pump can be calculated by measuring the current required from an external source to bring the gradient (Voltage difference) created by the pump to zero. An increase in temperature has shown to increase the current generated by the Na/K pump with a slope of 12.5A/Co and a Q10 value of 1.72. Arginine vasotocin (AVT) also known as anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), acts to increase the activity of the enzyme regulated pump. At a constant temperature, a 10-fold increase in current was measured across the AVT treated skin in comparison to the baseline AVT absent skin preparation.

From the Paper
"The plasma membranes of cells contain pumps that drive out sodium from the cell and incorporate potassium into the cell. Physiologically, the blood plasma has a higher sodium concentration than the cytoplasm and conversely the cytoplasm has a highly potassium concentration than the plasma. Under these conditions, the Na/K pump is acting against a concentration gradient is therefore an active ATPase dependent process. Since the pump is under enzymatic regulation, we expect its activity to be governed by typical enzyme kinetics responding directly to changes in temperature and agents (such as hormones) that manipulate enzyme activity. It is also important to note that the Na/K pump pumps a net 3 Na+ ions out of the cell for every 2 K+ in. This creates a resting voltage potential across the membrane (1). The resistance of the channel allows for the net current across the pump to be measured indirectly by introducing an external voltage equal and opposite of the resting membrane potential created by the Na/K pump. Using the Ussing technique, a voltage clamp and Ohm's law, we can derive the current generated by the Na/K pump under various conditions (2)."

Tags:enzyme, frog, Na, K, electrochemical, respiration, osmoregulation, Ussing, Ohm

Abstract
When Congressman J.D Hayworth of the Republican party lost his campaign to fellow-Republican Deborah Pryce, he believed that it was due to the fact that her campaign was helped by the Democrats electing another woman, Nancy Pelosi as their leader and her nomination as the first woman Speaker nominee. This paper questions whether unqualified minorities are unfairly promoted over more qualified majorities in the House Republican Party to try to promote an image of diversity. It questions too whether Pryce really more qualified to be the Republican Conference Chairman then Hayworth or others. By creating a baseline for how a member of Congress could rise into a House Leadership post, this paper examines how minority Republican and Democratic members of leadership have been elected into leadership, with a special focus on comparing Pryce and Pelosi. This analysis also proves that while minority Republicans are encouraged more often than non-minorities to run for a leadership post, a majority of the time the minorities that are elected are qualified for their posts.

From the Paper
"Hoops' guidelines can generate an effective roadmap for any Member of Congress that is interested in becoming a leader among leaders, but it can also serve as a tool of analysis. Six out of the seven Members of Congress that were examined in this thesis fit Hoops' guidelines and were or are successful leaders in the House. The only one did not fulfill these criteria, Watts, was an unsuccessful leader. The elections of Nancy Pelosi as the House Democratic Minority Leader and Deborah Pryce as the House Republican Conference Chairman were not because of their gender, but because of their qualifications. Their elections may have been historic, but they were well earned, thus it can be concluded that while the House Republican Party has at times attempted to promote minorities over majorities, these minority candidates are just a qualified if not more qualified than their majority counterparts to leader. This conclusion is proven and supported by Hoops' guidelines."

Tags:blunt, bonilla, cantor, watts

Abstract
This paper discusses the practice of issuing employee stock options as a benefit. The paper goes into detail about how a stock is exercised and what kind of tax benefits result. The paper also details past practices of accounting employee stock options and how these practices have worked. Also included in the paper, is information on present legislation and how that works or doesn't work to better the situation. Furthermore, the paper discusses the controversy brewing over such changes being made and explores the different viewpoints on the matter.

Introduction
Definition
Methods and Models
Controversy of Stock Options
Baseline: Americans with Stock Options
Recent Legislation
Economic Impact
High Tech Industry
The Cisco Company
Why Employees with Stock Options Should Worry About Valuation

From the Paper
"Within the last ten years a demand for changing how Employee Stock Options (also referred to as ESOs) are accounted for within an organization's financial sheets has been underway. Such a proposal for change has received much commentary from not only the financial community and corporate America but also key members of Congress, union leaders and the public. Such a response results from the uncertainty that such change will benefit businesses and economic growth in this country. It is feared that such change will have the opposite effect and cause America to lose its competitive edge in the global market. Still this has not stopped the fuel of the fire as the Financial Accounting Standards Board (also referred to as FASB) has struggled for an answer to such a dilemma."

Tags:enron, tyco, value, worth, investing, investment, wall, street, welfare, asset, standards