Abstract
In this article the writer covers the life and work of Clara Barton. The writer discusses how Barton risked her life for others offering medical care on the battlefield. Further, the writer notes her work for the American Red Cross. The writer points out Barton's devotion and commitment to humanitarian relief. The writer maintains that dedication was perhaps her greatest asset when it came to successful leadership. The writer concludes that it is through reviewing Barton's life, and understanding her leadership skills, that nurses can better discover how to become leaders themselves.



Outline:
Abstract
Early Personal History and Career
Clara Barton and the Civil War
Barton Goes to Europe
Barton and the Ratification of the Geneva Convention
Barton and the Early American Red Cross
Barton's Successful Leadership
References

From the Paper
"When the Civil War erupted, Barton was in Washington. As she had proven many times in her life, prior to this point, Barton was not one to sit idly by. She was determined to actively assist the Union. In the beginning, Barton gathered and distributed supplies for the Massachusetts troops that were stationed in Washington. However, by the second year of the war, the tales of hardship and misery on the frontlines, led her to request permission to go to the battlefield. Thanks to the support of prominent Republicans, Barton was given permission to go to the front, from a reluctant War Department."
"Barton's first battlefield experiences at Culpepper and Fairfax Station, Virginia shocked her. She personally took charge of the medical and supply gap for the next three years."

Tags:Red, Cross, Geneva, Convention, nurses, aid

Abstract
This paper explains how during the Civil War Clara Barton became a pioneer in the field of nursing. She helped soldier on the battle front, and identified missing bodies after the war. It looks at how, after going to Europe during the Franco-Prussian war, she started the American branch of the International Red Cross.

From the Paper
"Clara Barton was a pioneer in American nursing. She helped improve medical conditions during the Civil War and was the founder of the American Red Cross. I have always been interested in World War II, and I initially wanted to research a nurse who served in the armed services during it, but I was unable to find enough information about one person to be able to write about. So, I went back further in history and came across Clara Barton as someone who had not only served her country greatly during the Civil War, but had also helped the families of the men she nursed, and had taken an administrative role as the founder and president of the American branch of the International Red Cross. I believe that Clara Barton not only touched the lives of the people she worked with, but also changed them, and this is why I chose to research her."

Tags:civil, cross, nursing, red, war

Abstract
This paper presents an historical account of Clara Barton's heroic service as a Civil War nurse, her active involvement in the suffragist movement, her nursing and social services work in Europe, and her successful involvement in forming the American Red Cross.

From the Paper
"When picturing the atrocities of war today, one usually envisions the ungodly sight of a soldier being shot or blown up. The pain and anguish of a person's face as well as the assailed and bloody body hitting the ground readily come to mind. In the Civil War, however, much of the death and gore did not occur on the battlefields but in the so-called hospitals. Because most people believed the war was going to last only a few months or weeks there was no real effort to recruit doctors. At the beginning of the Civil War, there were 36 doctors in the whole United States and 12 of these surgeons went to the South to serve. Surgeons had no formal training in the art of medicine."

Tags:amputation, cedar, mountain, angel, of, the, battlefield, union, nurses, missing, in, action, treaty, of, geneva, united, states

Abstract
This paper examines the life of Clara Barton, born on Christmas Day, 1821, and how she gave many gifts to her country, not least among them the founding of the American Red Cross. It looks at how, with her pre-feminist strength and her lofty intentions, she struggled with some of the same issues women struggle with today, chief among them bureaucratic insensitivity. It also discusses her work in treating the wounded soldiers of the Civil War and how she fought to have her causes recognized.

From the Paper
"This was long before the days of reliable long-distance communication, so Barton and her two companions, if they wished to minister to the wounded, had no choice but to push on. By daybreak on September 17, they had made camp near the Union bivouacs along Antietam Creek. Despite the boom of cannon, and risking their own lives, the trio pushed on to set up a "field hospital" in a barn at the corner of Sam Poffenberger's cornfield. Barton began comforting the men waiting for surgeons to remove shots from their bodies or to remove parts of the bodies instead. Holding one soldier so he could take a drink, he slumped in her arms, and she realized a bullet had passed through her sleeve, instantly killing her patient."

Tags:civil, war, florence, nightingale, international

From the Paper
"The biography of Clara Barton (whose full name was Clarissa Harlowe Barton) cannot be written without also writing in some measure the history of the American Red Cross as well as that of the history of nursing. This paper examines the work of this founder of the American Red Cross, looking at both her own life and especially at her work during the major battles of the American Civil War. In order to set her work in the proper historical framework, it also provides a very brief overview of the history of nursing as a profession, a profession with which she is " along with Florence Nightingale " responsible in many ways for creating in its contemporary form and at the American Red Cross, of which Barton is the founder.

"Barton, born in 1821 and dying in 1912, dedicated her life to humanitarian causes, of which the Red Cross was perhaps the single ..."

Tags:BIOGRAPHIES

Abstract
This paper argues that in her novel, "Mary Barton", Elizabeth Gaskell is trying to offer knowledge as a solution in reducing class tensions and in giving the rich and the poor a better understanding of each other. The paper uses female characters and their roles in the public domain as a medium for demonstrating this.

From the Paper
"City life in the 19th century ushered in a difficult and conflicted era for women. Torn between the necessity of remaining in the domestic sphere for the sake of the maintenance of a comfortable family life for all, and the new, frequently arising necessity of entering the public sphere, women of lower classes became obligated to undertake the double burden of balancing traditional roles and roles in the workplace and other public venues. Staying home and entering the public domain both offered many consequences, and left women's practical options unclear, and also created an ever-greater rift between their ways of life, and those of wealthier women, who typically remained entirely in the domestic sphere. Elizabeth Gaskell's 1848 novel, Mary Barton, displays the intricacies of a variety of female lives, rich and poor, public and private, under extremely trying and class-dividing circumstances, those of the Industrial Revolution. Gaskell tends to represent women as actively engaging in public urban life out of necessity rather than out of any personal desire to do so, and she uses the idea of balance as an important issue which also relates to class tensions. Mary Barton's message to women is that they must cautiously advance into the public domain, but not neglect the ill effects and the dangers of such a move, and rather be aware of the positive and negative aspects of life in the private and public spheres. This awareness of both sides of an issue is additionally reflected in Gaskell's compromise-centered views on class tensions and reconciliation, which is to do what one must for one's own station in life, but to remain aware of the effects on others of different classes, and to find a balanced "happy medium" in one's actions."

Tags:industrial, 1848, Esther, Jane, Wilson, Carson

Abstract
This paper discusses how, in 1881, Clara Barton proposed the establishment of the American Red Cross, based on the revolutionary model of the International Red Cross that was already operating in Europe, where the organization would not only assist military hospitals during times of war but also help during peacetime with disaster relief and health and safety education of the general public. The author points out that before World War I, the Red Cross mainly served to promote first aid, water safety and public health nursing programs in the United States; however, after the outbreak of war and the pandemic influenza outbreak, the size of the organization exploded from 107 local chapters in 1914 to 3,864 in 1918. The paper relates that the organization has evolved into an advocate of humanitarianism, even criticizing its own government although the Red Cross itself has not avoided its own scandals.

From the Paper
"The Red Cross is an organization that grew out of the suffering of the wars of the nineteenth century. In 1863, Henri Dunant, a Swiss businessman, published "A Memory of Solferino", a memoir about his time in the northern Italian battlefield of Solferino. The book dealt with how war affected the lives of both the combatants and civilians. This memoir inspired the founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 1864. This committee was lead by Jean-Henry Dunant, who would win the first Nobel Peach Prize in 1901 for founding the Red Cross. The first committee was made up of representatives from eleven countries. Their purpose was to lessen the suffering that came from war and they recommended that every country have its own committee that was endowed with enough influence to effectively cooperate in times of war with the hospital services of the battling armies."

Tags:scandal, war, peace, chapters, blood

Abstract
The paper examines how the nursing profession has had its fair share of important contributors since its inception. The writer proposes that there are few people in the world who have not heard of Clara Barton, Florence Nightingale, or Dorothea Dix. The paper further discusses how not all contributors to nursing are as instantly recognizable, however, nor are they all nurses. Dr. Susan Dimock and Linda Richards are two of these individuals. This paper discusses the contributions made to the nursing profession by these two women.

From the Paper
"Dr. Susan Dimock Dr. Susan Dimock was not a nurse. As a woman physician of her time, she a ground breaker herself. At the time that she was practicing, she was one of a handful of women doctors in the United States (Holder, 2004, p.1). Even before her involvement, nurses were given training, of a sort."

Tags:nursing, dimock, richards

Abstract
On September 8, 1900, powerful winds running over 140 mph devastated the whole city of Galveston, Texas, killing 6000 people and destroying most of the city. The paper examines the role several people and public institutions played in the Galveston Storm, including the Weather Bureau which ignored warnings of the hurricane from 'unofficial' sources. The paper also looks at the personal stories of residents such as Isaac Cline who worked for the Weather Bureau, as well as the nuns and children from the Sisters of Charity Orphanage, who lost their lives in the storm.

From the Paper
"The storm took the lives of a lot of people. Amongst them were the Sisters of Charity Orphanage. 10 Sisters and 90 children lost their lives. The Sisters ran an infirmary and an orphanage. The orphanage was located on the beach. On the day of the storm Sister Elizabeth Ryan had commuted to town to get food for the children. She rushed back to the orphanage to be with the children. The storm water had reached the dormitories and was slowing causing the buildings to collapse. The sisters gathered all the children into the girl's dorm. They sang "Queen of the Waves" to calm the children down. In order to save their lives the sisters tied six to seven children around their waist. It was a very brave gesture on their part to protect the children. Sadly the storm waters claimed their lives and only 3 children managed to survive. The survivors lived to tell the eye witness encounter of the sisters' bravery. Thus every year on September the 8th the Sisters of the Charity Orphanage sing "Queen of the Waves" around the same time they perished."

Tags:Willis, Moore, Cuba, Elizabeth, Ryan, Clara, Barton

Abstract
This paper describes some of the heroic and dangerous activities undertaken by American women in an effort to assist in the Civil War. The paper describes historical female figures who contributed to the war either as spies, nurses, or soldiers.

From the Paper
"The American Civil War was a war between brothers, cousins, friends and neighbors, and many of these were women (Women pp). Military records, diaries, and history books show that women contributed a great deal to the war effort by serving as vivandieres, women who provided food, provision and liqueurs to the soldiers, and as sutlers, peddlers who sold goods to military units in the field (Women pp). Women also served as nurses, soldiers and even spies (Women pp). Historical records verify that over eighty women were either wounded or killed at various battles during the War Between the States, and that an estimation of more than four hundred women served in the Civil War on both sides, not counting the thousands who served as nurses (Women pp)."

Tags:emma, edmonds, union, impersonating, confederate, mission, clara, barton, american, red, cross