Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes Joel and Ethan Coen's film "Barton Fink" which is described as representing a descent into hell while exploring the dark underside of the Hollywood dream and society. According to the review, this descent is represented metaphorically by the Hollywood system that Barton has entered into, as well as literally through his experiences. Additionally, the paper shows the impact and consequences of this descent on Barton Fink's character. The paper discusses the major characters in the film, their symbolism and relationship to Barton's descent. The paper concludes by stating that Hell metaphorically comes in the form of Hollywood itself and the falseness and corruption of this industry.

From the Paper
"The descent into hell in Barton Fink is firstly represented metaphorically as a descent into deception and corruption through the Hollywood system that Fink encounters when he travels to California. Before Fink travels to Hollywood he appears to us as being a man of morals who is interested in creating art, but instead he sells out and moves west from New York as he is seduced by the lure and money that awaits him. Our first introduction to Hollywood comes in the form of Mr. Lipnick who appears not only excited but friendly and welcoming of Fink to his new career however this is only one side to his character which we will later discover. Lipnick is a man of power who is not afraid to exert it; he keeps around Lou, a former owner who was "muscled out", and uses him as his personal assistant simply to show that he can. As the film progresses it subtly shows us that Fink has begun a descent into hell by working for Hollywood, for it is a place of falseness with a dark underside to it. Lipnick turns on Barton quickly when he discovers that his work was not to his liking, and his previous respect to Fink is shown to have disappeared. He explains how he owns anything that Fink writes, and such a statement makes the audience question what ownership Fink has at all over his life; surely hell for a writer would be a place where he has no control over what he produces."

Tags:Barton Fink, Joel, Ethan Coen, hollywood, hell, american dream

Abstract
This paper addresses the Cohn Brothers' film "Barton Fink" in terms of its relevance to the term "subjective reality". Here, "subjective reality" refers to the non- conventional way of presenting the film, rather than the standard narrative provided by the Hollywood blockbusters.

Tags:FILM STUDIES / MOVIE REVIEWS, ANALYSIS, CRITICISM, subjectivity barton fink

Abstract
In this article the writer covers the life and work of Clara Barton. The writer discusses how Barton risked her life for others offering medical care on the battlefield. Further, the writer notes her work for the American Red Cross. The writer points out Barton's devotion and commitment to humanitarian relief. The writer maintains that dedication was perhaps her greatest asset when it came to successful leadership. The writer concludes that it is through reviewing Barton's life, and understanding her leadership skills, that nurses can better discover how to become leaders themselves.



Outline:
Abstract
Early Personal History and Career
Clara Barton and the Civil War
Barton Goes to Europe
Barton and the Ratification of the Geneva Convention
Barton and the Early American Red Cross
Barton's Successful Leadership
References

From the Paper
"When the Civil War erupted, Barton was in Washington. As she had proven many times in her life, prior to this point, Barton was not one to sit idly by. She was determined to actively assist the Union. In the beginning, Barton gathered and distributed supplies for the Massachusetts troops that were stationed in Washington. However, by the second year of the war, the tales of hardship and misery on the frontlines, led her to request permission to go to the battlefield. Thanks to the support of prominent Republicans, Barton was given permission to go to the front, from a reluctant War Department."
"Barton's first battlefield experiences at Culpepper and Fairfax Station, Virginia shocked her. She personally took charge of the medical and supply gap for the next three years."

Tags:Red, Cross, Geneva, Convention, nurses, aid

Abstract
This paper discusses how, called "the angel of the battlefield", Clarissa Harlowe Barton (1821-1912) was a teacher, politician, nurse, negotiator, public speaker, writer, humanitarian, and a lobbyist. The paper looks at how, Barton, inspired by Florence Nightingale, began began her work in the American Civil war in 1861 and how she started an agency that would get supplies and distribute them to the many wounded soldiers. In particular, the paper examines Barton's efforts to get the Red Cross established in America.

From the Paper
"When the war was finished, Barton worked as a lecturer for which she was highly respected. In the year 1870, Barton went to Europe to help in the war between France and Prussia (now part of modern-day Germany). There she learned of the Red Cross, an organization that was established in 1864 that brought humane services to any and all victims of war under a flag of neutrality. In 1877, supported by the International Red Cross, Barton began her mission of ratifying the Treaty of Geneva and the beginning of the establishment of the American Red Cross (founded in 1881). Her efforts included lobbying senators and congressmen. Barton would travel around giving speeches on the Red Cross and the Geneva Convention. She wrote a pamphlet entitled "The Red Cross of the Geneva Convention: What It Is" to help increase awareness and support for her important work. "

Tags:Florence, Nightingale, civil, war

Abstract
This paper explains how during the Civil War Clara Barton became a pioneer in the field of nursing. She helped soldier on the battle front, and identified missing bodies after the war. It looks at how, after going to Europe during the Franco-Prussian war, she started the American branch of the International Red Cross.

From the Paper
"Clara Barton was a pioneer in American nursing. She helped improve medical conditions during the Civil War and was the founder of the American Red Cross. I have always been interested in World War II, and I initially wanted to research a nurse who served in the armed services during it, but I was unable to find enough information about one person to be able to write about. So, I went back further in history and came across Clara Barton as someone who had not only served her country greatly during the Civil War, but had also helped the families of the men she nursed, and had taken an administrative role as the founder and president of the American branch of the International Red Cross. I believe that Clara Barton not only touched the lives of the people she worked with, but also changed them, and this is why I chose to research her."

Tags:civil, cross, nursing, red, war

Abstract
This paper examines the life of Clara Barton, born on Christmas Day, 1821, and how she gave many gifts to her country, not least among them the founding of the American Red Cross. It looks at how, with her pre-feminist strength and her lofty intentions, she struggled with some of the same issues women struggle with today, chief among them bureaucratic insensitivity. It also discusses her work in treating the wounded soldiers of the Civil War and how she fought to have her causes recognized.

From the Paper
"This was long before the days of reliable long-distance communication, so Barton and her two companions, if they wished to minister to the wounded, had no choice but to push on. By daybreak on September 17, they had made camp near the Union bivouacs along Antietam Creek. Despite the boom of cannon, and risking their own lives, the trio pushed on to set up a "field hospital" in a barn at the corner of Sam Poffenberger's cornfield. Barton began comforting the men waiting for surgeons to remove shots from their bodies or to remove parts of the bodies instead. Holding one soldier so he could take a drink, he slumped in her arms, and she realized a bullet had passed through her sleeve, instantly killing her patient."

Tags:civil, war, florence, nightingale, international

Abstract
This paper argues that in her novel, "Mary Barton", Elizabeth Gaskell is trying to offer knowledge as a solution in reducing class tensions and in giving the rich and the poor a better understanding of each other. The paper uses female characters and their roles in the public domain as a medium for demonstrating this.

From the Paper
"City life in the 19th century ushered in a difficult and conflicted era for women. Torn between the necessity of remaining in the domestic sphere for the sake of the maintenance of a comfortable family life for all, and the new, frequently arising necessity of entering the public sphere, women of lower classes became obligated to undertake the double burden of balancing traditional roles and roles in the workplace and other public venues. Staying home and entering the public domain both offered many consequences, and left women's practical options unclear, and also created an ever-greater rift between their ways of life, and those of wealthier women, who typically remained entirely in the domestic sphere. Elizabeth Gaskell's 1848 novel, Mary Barton, displays the intricacies of a variety of female lives, rich and poor, public and private, under extremely trying and class-dividing circumstances, those of the Industrial Revolution. Gaskell tends to represent women as actively engaging in public urban life out of necessity rather than out of any personal desire to do so, and she uses the idea of balance as an important issue which also relates to class tensions. Mary Barton's message to women is that they must cautiously advance into the public domain, but not neglect the ill effects and the dangers of such a move, and rather be aware of the positive and negative aspects of life in the private and public spheres. This awareness of both sides of an issue is additionally reflected in Gaskell's compromise-centered views on class tensions and reconciliation, which is to do what one must for one's own station in life, but to remain aware of the effects on others of different classes, and to find a balanced "happy medium" in one's actions."

Tags:industrial, 1848, Esther, Jane, Wilson, Carson

Abstract
This paper presents an historical account of Clara Barton's heroic service as a Civil War nurse, her active involvement in the suffragist movement, her nursing and social services work in Europe, and her successful involvement in forming the American Red Cross.

From the Paper
"When picturing the atrocities of war today, one usually envisions the ungodly sight of a soldier being shot or blown up. The pain and anguish of a person's face as well as the assailed and bloody body hitting the ground readily come to mind. In the Civil War, however, much of the death and gore did not occur on the battlefields but in the so-called hospitals. Because most people believed the war was going to last only a few months or weeks there was no real effort to recruit doctors. At the beginning of the Civil War, there were 36 doctors in the whole United States and 12 of these surgeons went to the South to serve. Surgeons had no formal training in the art of medicine."

Tags:amputation, cedar, mountain, angel, of, the, battlefield, union, nurses, missing, in, action, treaty, of, geneva, united, states

Abstract
The biography of Clarissa Harlowe Barton cannot be written without also writing at least in some measure the history of the American Red Cross as well as that of the history of nursing. This paper examines the work of the founder of the American Red Cross, looking at both her own life and at her work during the major battles of the American Civil War. In order to set her work in the proper historical framework, the paper also provides a very brief overview of the history of nursing as a profession, a profession which Barton is "along with Florence Nightingale" responsible in many ways for creating in its contemporary form.
Although this paper focuses on the work that Barton performed during the Civil War, it also mentions her relief work in the yellow-fever pestilence in Florida (1887); in the Johnstown, Pennsylvania, flood (1889); in the Russian famine (1891); among the Armenians (1896); in the Spanish-American War (1898); and in the South African War (1899-1902). The last work that she personally directed was the relief of victims of the flood at Galveston, Texas, in 1900, before she died in Glen Echo, Maryland, on April 12, 1912.

From the Paper
"During the depression of the 1930s, many nurses were unemployed, and the number of schools declined. World War II, however, brought about another increased demand for nurses. The Cadet Nurse Corps, established in 1943, subsidized nursing education for thousands of young people who agreed to engage in nursing for the duration of the war. Since the end of World War II, technological advances in medicine and health have required nurses to become knowledgeable about sophisticated equipment, to learn about an increasing number of medications, and to design nursing care appropriate for the health care delivery system during a period of rapid change. Barton's nursing work on the battlefield helped lay down the fundamentals for nursing during wartime, and the work of nurses in MASH and other military units throughout the 20th century owes much to what she saw and did during the Civil War."

Tags:Missing, Soldiers, Office, Confederate, Union, Andersonville, Antietam

Abstract
This study will analyze Elizabeth Gaskell's novel Mary Barton as a portrait of English society during the Industrial Revolution. The study will focus on the significance of the author's descriptions of the social classes, focusing on the members of the working class and their relationship with their employers, the changes which Mary and John Barton undergo as a result of their socioeconomic struggle, and the author's apparent suggested solutions to the injustices of her day, which will be shown to be woefully inadequate and idealistic.

From the Paper
"This study will analyze Elizabeth Gaskell's novel Mary Barton as a portrait of English society during the Industrial Revolution. The study will focus on the significance of the author's descriptions of the social classes, focusing on the members of the working class?and their relationship with their employers, the changes which Mary and John Barton undergo as a result of their socioeconomic struggle, and the author's apparent suggested solutions to the injustices of her day, which will be shown to be woefully inadequate and idealistic.

The heart of the book is the choice the protagonist, Mary Barton, must make between a rich man and a working class man. Of course, that message immediately introduces the restrictions under which women lived in the early Victorian 1840s in Manchester, England, where the story takes place. Rather than ..."