Abstract This paper discusses the bark scorpion of Southwest North America. It discusses the preferred conditions and habitat of the bark scorpion and how it acquired some of the other names that it is known by. The paper also discusses the danger of the bark scorpion and their relationship to people, including reports of previous fatalities from bark scorpion stings.
From the Paper "The scorpion's preferred temperature is a night above 70 F. Scorpions are active at night, and spend their days where it is cool and moist. Scorpions have extra layers of fat on their exoskeleton to retain water. Scorpions get most of their water from their food. They feed on a variety of insects, spiders, centipedes, and even other scorpions. One unique feature of the Bark Scorpion is, while most scorpion species are solitary in nature, they may be found in groups of 20-30. Also, much to the distress of many homeowners (where bark scorpions also make their homes) "the bark scorpion is also one of relatively few species that are able climbers" (Gouge et.al, 2007). Because of their small size, the Bark Scorpion is sometimes called the Home Scorpion, because it is the species most commonly found in infested homes."
Abstract This paper describes Lithops, a well known and admired succulent plant family called living stones or stone plants, that originated in South Africa and also is grown in the U.S.A., Europe and Japan. The author says that these plants are relatively to grow but great care needs to be taken with soil, temperature, time and amount of watering. The paper describes the wide variety of Cactus. The author states that, as unique as the cactus appears, its growth and flowering is similar to any other plants. he paper also describes the function of bark and the beauty of exfoliating bark trees in landscaping.
Table of Contents
Lithops
Growing Lithops Optica
Native Range
Cacti
Sample Growth Forms
Plant Care
Spines
Flowers
Root System
Metabolism
Growth
Exfoliating Bark Trees
From the Paper "All modern cacti do have stem stomata, so one of the initial steps in the evolution of cacti must have been mutations that permit the expression of "leaf genes" in an unusual site, the stem epidermis. Producing stomata is a complex process involving the establishment of cell patterns, density of stomata and differentiation of guard cells. The similarity of the patterns in stems of modern cacti with the patterns in leaves of Pereskia may indicate that almost all the leaf epidermis development program is now being used to control morphogenesis of stem epidermis."
Abstract This paper looks at Tourette's syndrome, a neurological disorder, often characterized by facial and body tics, which control the involuntary speech muscles resulting in random sounds, words, grunting and even barking. It suggests teacher interventions for some of the language effects of TS such as fluency failure or stuttering, echolalia, and coprolalia, the use of socially inappropriate language.
From the Paper "Children with TS are having such a hard time controlling the tics and are worried with what others may think it keeps them from paying attention and interferes with verbal communication with the teacher. Some suggestions from this article include giving the student preferential seating near the teacher so the student may ask questions subtly and the teacher may monitor for verbal understanding and progress of instruction. Another suggestion is to pair verbal instruction with visuals, such as overheads, demonstrations, or samples of completed work, to enhance the student's understanding. Many students are more likely to remember what they see and do rather than what they only hear. Encourage students with vocal tics to drink water throughout the day to prevent throat dryness. All students in the class can have a water bottle or cup at their work area so as not to accentuate a difference in the student with TS."
Abstract This paper first covers insects which effect Oak Trees: gypsy moths, oak leaf rollers and leaf tiers,and the scarlet oak sawfly, all defoliating pests, followed by bark-attacking insects (bark borers). The paper then discusses tree diseases specific to the oak, including oak wilt, root rot and fungal infections of the bark and leaves. The paper includes recommendations for treatment and a list of references.
Abstract There is a new technology of criminal activity which involves the use electronic means of communication in committing crimes. This paper looks in greater depth at some of these issues by examining the FBI Carnivore system, how it was developed, what its capacities are, and the problems civil libertarians and others see.
From the paper:
"It has a ferocious name. And its bark is in fact probably just about as bad as its bite. And while it certainly has the power to do good, the inherent costs may make it not worthwhile.
The FBI's Carnivore system is a tool used by this law enforcement agency to snare criminals who use electronic means of communication in committing their crimes, allowing this federal agency to collect and examine email and other electronic traffic sent and received by those suspected or accused of crimes ? along, of course, with the rest of us. While the crime-fighting capacities of such a capability can be seen to be substantial, it should also be clear that such a system has the ability (if improperly used) to cause substantial harm to the rights of the innocent because most people do not realize that their electronic correspondence can be seized and examined. An essential bedrock of the American legal system (and indeed of American culture) rests on the English common-law assumption that people have a basic right to privacy and that unless they should assume or know otherwise that they have a presumption of that privacy. Thus a person shouting on a public street has no reasonable expectation of privacy. A person sitting at her computer sending email to her mother does."
Abstract This paper digs deeply into how aspirin and salbutamol were developed and also how they interact in the body from a heavy chemical and neurological perspective. It also gives a detailed overview into how, in general, pharmacueticals are developed using bronchodilars as an example. Also included are numerous diagrams in order to aid the reader comprehend the text.
From the Paper "Since 400BC physicians prescribed a bitter powder extract from the willow bark tree to alleviate pain. In the middle of the 18th century two chemists by the name of Fontana and Brugnatelli extracted the active agent Salicin from the willow, and was then converted by Piria into Salicylic acid. Felix Hoffman a German chemist set about trying to synthesise salicylic acid."
Abstract This paper examines how elements of natural canid social tendencies and their highly communicative natural behaviors account for their ability to be trained and for the particularly fulfilling relationships that characterize their modern association with humans, whether in the role of social companion or working partnership. It attempts to show how our general appreciation of the full extent to which dogs communicate in their own language is minimal in comparison to the extent of our successful exploitation of their ability to learn to understand our form(s) of communication.
From the Paper "Dogs use their tails for many more communicative purposes than merely
wagging them to indicate their happiness. Experts still disagree as to the origins of tail wagging, with some even going so far as maintaining that it is strictly an adaptive behavior specifically for communicating with humans and virtually absent in their natural repertoire, despite much evidence that would seem to disprove that belief, conclusively.(Coren, p.105) According to Desmond Morris, the origins of tail wagging has its roots in a manifestation of ambivalence, when nursing puppies still find comfort nestled amongst littermates, while simultaneously seeking their exclusive space and control over their mother's nipple during suckling."
Abstract This paper discusses how rabbits have the same need as humans to produce energy in order to survive and how this energy production is directly related to the food the animal intakes. It looks at how the rabbit, oryctolagus cuniculus, obtains its nourishment from the foods it eats, which are mainly grasses, clovers, and sometimes even bark and how it then eats the droppings to get the maximum nourishment available from the food. The paper also discusses how this method is extremely different from how humans obtain the necessary nutrients to further endure life even though both species share the same internal process of cellular respiration necessary to exist and prevail.
From the Paper "The mitochondria, which can be simply defined as a membrane-bound organelle located in all eukaryotic cells, is important for several reasons including its responsibility for the process of cellular respiration (Cellular). This process works through redox reactions, which is the term given to a chemical reaction in which at least one electron is transferred from one particular substance to another (Solomon 138). The importance of cellular respiration is apparent because of its resulting production of Adenosine triphosphate, which is commonly known as ATP. The ATP serves various purposes; however, the one most relevant to the nourishment of a rabbit would be the fact that it provides the energy which is used throughout the cells in several different activities. This fact results in the ATP being referred to as the energy currency of the cell (Solomon 125). "
