From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
Studies of Mies van der Rohe's Barcelona Pavilion concentrate on the architect's innovative spatial concept. The fluid, continuous space and the carefully considered reduction of the interior-exterior distinction made the Pavilion a landmark in architectural history. Less attention has been paid to the vital role that natural illumination plays in Mies' concept. Working with very little electrical light and with reflections from water and the varied materials of the walls and windows, Mies created a refuge from the blistering Spanish sun that is, paradoxically, lit primarily by sunlight.

COMMISSION, SITE, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS
The German Pavilion at the Barcelona International Exposition of 1929 was designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The.."

Abstract
This paper approaches three examples of modern architecture that seem dissimilar at first, Sidney Smith Hall at the University of Toronto, the Villa Savoye near Paris, and what is known as the Barcelona Pavilion. The paper holds that despite their different purposes, they are similar structures according to principles of the modern movement. To conclude, it states that Sidney Smith Hall is significant in a Toronto environment much given to the preservation of architectural heritage, but that has often failed to appreciate its examples of the modern style.

Outline:
Introduction
Sidney Smith Hall, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street
Villa Savoye, Poissy, nr. Paris 1920-1930 (Le Corbusier)
German Pavilion, Barcelona Exposition, (Mies van der Rohe)
Concluding Remarks

From the Paper
"As an example of the International Style much pursued by the modern movement, one realizes that the same structure with minimal adjustment could be placed anywhere. (See Khan 1998) Erected in any country in the world, Sidney Smith Hall would offer the same economy of line combined with a feeling of spaciousness and accessibility, its terrace areas suited to the climate of a central Canadian city as much as entirely different settings. This theme of universality was a favourite of both Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier as discussed below. (Padovan 45-48) As a contribution to the international style, Sidney Smith Hall may have shown its ongoing adaptability in the 2003 enclosure of one terrace that was opposed by some but does not seem to have altered greatly the sense of access the architect intended."

Tags:building, Villa Savoye, Poissy, German Pavilion, Barcelona Exposition, Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier

Abstract
This paper discusses and describes the ongoing Sidney Smith Hall at the University of Toronto as a rare instance of Modern architecture in Toronto. The paper also highlights a residential site in the Villa Savoye in France and the Barcelona Pavilion help to indicate other Modern principles and techniques in architecture. The paper concludes by favoring Modern design in its principles and the varied applications that its practitioners argued.

From the Paper
"The Modern movement in architecture is usually attributed to the interval of 1920 or slightly earlier to 1950 as incorporates both of the World Wars. The experience of World War I cast great aspersion on longer ideas of Western progress, classicism and romanticism towards fondness for what was functional, durable and significantly, what could be reproduced about the world as part of what some architects described as an International style. This paper approaches three examples of Modern architecture that, at first, seem dissimilar in Sidney Smith Hall at the University of..."

Tags:s smith hall, le corbusier, mies

Abstract
More than any other architect of the 20th century, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe represents the ascendancy of Modernism in its most Minimalist incarnation. While this emphasis on the importance of spare lines and lack of fussiness is understandable, given what had come before in terms of both architecture and decorative arts, this does not necessarily make it more palatable from the perspective of the 21st century. This essay focuses on two specific buildings by Van Der Rohe: the 1930 Tugendhat house in Moravia and the 1929 German Pavilion that he designed for the International Convention in Barcelona, Spain, as a way of delineating the strengths of his work, as well as serving as a reminder of the distinct limitations of Minimalism within the realm of architecture.

From the Paper
"When we look at Tugendhat House what we see is a building that rather aggressively protrudes from the hill to which it is anchored. Mies set the building apart from the hill both in terms of color - it is gray and black, entirely lacking in the greens and earth-tones of the surrounding hillside - and in terms of form. The hill is rounded, gently sloping, its curve emblematic of the ways in which water and geological stratigraphy and wind shape the earth. The building's exterior is none of these things: It is not only rectilinear (as are most structures in the modern world) but it flaunts this rectilinearity. Its solidity emphasis the human-constructed nature of the structure: We would never (no matter from what distance we viewed this building or from what angle) confuse this with something created by nature."

Tags:Bauhaus, School, Seagram, Building

Abstract
This paper discusses Barcelona's famous architect, Antonio Gaudi. The intrinsic relationship between the city and the architect is explored in the paper. The paper presents a brief biography of Gaudi and examines the general characteristics, influences, and styles of his work and creations. The paper describes three of Gaudi's many projects in Barcelona: the Sacred Family (La Sacrada Familia), La Pedrera (Casa Mila), and the Guell Park.

From the Paper
"As some who has visited Barcelona, one would perhaps always remember the historical area around Los Ramblas, the old Gothic Cathedral or the Olympic Stadium, as well as the special charm of the city, proud in its Catalan spirit, but there is little chance that something is likely to impress you more than the presence of Antoni Gaudi in the city, his modernist creations, his dedication to the city and, even more so, the intrinsic relationship between the city and the architect. Indeed, Gaudi has only worked and created in Barcelona and the city represented to Gaudi something that Aix-en Provence was for another artistic genius, Cezanne : place of inspiration and artistic evolution, but probably also the only place where the interior effervescence could be properly exploited."

Tags:cathedral, buildings, artist

Abstract
This paper will discuss Bruno Taut's 'The Glass Pavilion' of 1914 and Antonio Sant'Elia's 'Citta Nuova' of 1914. By discussing these great buildings, we can see how their creators envisioned the future of architecture.

Abstract
This paper will discuss the representation of the natural landscape in Xie Ling-yun's poem "Visiting the Southern Pavilion". It will be shown, through a comparative analysis of Chinese texts on landscape painting, that Xie Ling-yun's poem plays with, and is juxtaposed against, the generic rules of landscape painting. The poetic landscape, which appears to be a celebration of the beauty of summer, is actually a reflection upon mortality and suffering. From this perspective, Xie Ling-yun's poem may be seen to have philosophical depth lacking in most landscape painting.

Abstract
This paper was written for a class in Yuan Dynasty Chinese drama. It examines the character changes that Bridal Du and Oriole go through in the plays "The Story of the Western Wing" and "The Peony Pavilion" and what this reveals about Chinese culture at that time.

From the Paper
"Oriole and Bridal Du both go through transformations during the plays "The Story of the Western Wing" and "The Peony Pavilion". Bridal Du's transformation from sexually open person to a proper, virginal person is made explicitly clear through her transformation from spirit to human and from her transition from existence in the world of the dead to the world of the living. Oriole's transformation on the other hand, involves her change from a modest and proper young woman to one who goes against her mother's wishes and has sex with a man of her choosing so that she secures a marriage with him. Each woman's transformation either from sexual being to virginal being, as in the case of Bridal Du, or from virginal being to sexual being, as in the case of Oriole can be clearly seen through each woman's views and actions regarding pre-marital sex and the respective degrees to which each breaks Chinese rules of propriety. Both women become respectable in the eyes of the theater-goer through their eventual marriages. By placing the sexually active women in the sphere of marriage, the women re-enter into a proper role that both of them had broken out of by choosing their own husbands and having sexual relations with these men. "

Tags:china, literature, drama

Abstract
This paper relates that Atoni Gaudi, who lived in Spain between 1852 through 1926, is considered one of the most famous architects of the world and that when visiting Barcelona, one cannot escape the defining and enhancing architecture of Gaudi. The paper looks at how Gaudi's work blends the most familiar traditional styles, such as Gothic and Moorish, with the more modern styles of Catalan Modernisme and Art Nouveau. The paper also examines how Gaudi's most dominant influence in the art world and on the impact of architecture was his use of curvature forms and colors that were emulated from nature. Though the construction of his buildings was keenly unique and yet rigidly logical, both the interior and exterior of his buildings and their accompanying landscapes are exquisitely beautiful and breathtakingly bizarre.

Outline:
Gaudi's Humble Early Life
Gaudi's Years as a "Dandy"
The Historical Context of Gaudi's World
Gaudi's Style and Vision: Modern Industrial Design
Casa Vicens and Villa El Capricho and Earlier Architectural Works
Palau Guell
The College of Santa Teresa de Jesus
Casa Calvet and Casa Batllo
Park Guell
Casa Mila Also known as La Pedrera
Sagrada Familia: The Church of the Sacred Family
Gaudi's Other Notable Works
An Innovative Use of Materials
The Modernisme Movement
An Artist of Many Styles And Innovator of His Own
International Recognition of Gaudi's Architecture Slowly Unfolded
The Film Antonio Gaudi

From the Paper
"The beauty and extravagance of Gaudi's architecture is plotted all over Barcelona. Just as Gaudi's architecture became more and more like sculptures, Barcelona became more like a sculpture because of Gaudi's architecture. As his style transformed and became inclusive of many styles, Gaudi eventually gained legendary status even though in the later part of his life he lived as a recluse who was very dedicated and devoted to his pious Catholic rituals. Seemingly paradoxical, Gaudi is credited for freeing architecture from the rigidity of straight lines and right angles while in his later years, his bold and inventive designs would demonstrate ingenuity in their precise engineering. Even today, artists, historians, and fellow architects marvel at his ability to design with such expansive and whimsical freedom while creating romantically sculptured buildings that are engineering marvels."

Tags:Palau, Guell, Santa, Teresa, de, Jesus, Park, Guell

Abstract
The paper explores and compares two books on architecture, "Le Corbusier" by Kenneth Frampton and "Master Builders" by Peter Blake. The paper shows that both books discuss the life and works of architect Le Corbusier, although they differ in that Frampton's book focuses mainly on Le Corbusier while Blake studies equally the works of Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Frank Lloyd Wright.

From the Paper
"According to Frampton, Corbusier was most likely the most famous and certainly the most controversial architect of the twentieth century. His impact on the urban fabric and the way all have lived has been enormous due to the richness and diversity of his work as well as his fervently expressed philosophy of architecture. Thus, the author weaved through his long and prolific life that was recurrent themes, his permanent drive towards new types of dwelling, from the early white villas to the U'it d'Habitation at Marseille. Furthermore, he detailed his evolving concepts of urban form, which included the Plan Vision of 1925 along with its cruciform towers that were imposed on the city of Paris and finally his work at Chandigarh in India; and his belief in a new technocratic order (Barnes and Noble)."

Tags:Corbu, Modernist, Barcelona, Pavilion, Guggenheim, Museum, Ludwig, Mies, van, der, Rohe, Frank, Lloyd, Wright.