Abstract
This paper presents a case study of the Klamath County School District's (KCSD) project to facilitate high-bandwidth learning. The paper contends that, although software solutions, such as Novell's BorderManager and SurfControl's Cyper Patrol, are cumbersome and time-consuming, they are a necessary reality for limiting violent or obscene content as required by government regulations for schools. The functionality of products such as KSCD is still necessary for performance-monitoring and remote diagnostics, but can be obtained in a single-server solution to reduce complexity and ongoing maintenance and support. The paper explains that,to maximize bandwidth capacity, network routing optimization techniques will be essential to help balance demand between low and high usage schools.

From the Paper
"The challenge KCSD faced was to provide acceptable WAN performance for core business activities. These included basic Internet and e-mail access, distance learning classes, and educational programming through broadcast and cable TV feeds. The WAN also had to support administrative applications running on top of very large databases that help the district track of students' grades, attendance, immunization records, and other critical information. In addition, the WAN was necessary for supporting Unix-based accounting systems."

Tags:internet, computers, wan

Abstract
This paper explains that DWDM carries multiple optical signals across a single fiber optic cable simultaneously, but at different wavelengths so they do not interfere with each other, thus increasing its capacity because each individual signal can be transported at a different rate. The author points out that the largest stigma attached to DWDM is that, although it is reliable, at the present time virtually no companies exist, which require the enormous amount of bandwidth the system can provide. The paper relates that long distance companies have already begun to utilize the technology because DWDM provides more complex interconnect topologies as well as bandwidth capacities, which will be able to handle the telecommunications traffic of the future.

From the Paper
"When networking was first conceived the amount of bandwidth, the average individual would use was greatly underestimated. In fact, "Most U.S. networks were built using estimates that calculated bandwidth use by employing concentration ratios derived from classical engineering formulas such as Poisson and Reeling." Essentially, this meant that the engineers who devised the first networks in the United States did not foresee the enormous influx of activity generated by the internet. Therefore, the networks were built upon the assumption that the average individual would only require six minutes of bandwidth per hour; but today, with internet traffic increasing by three hundred percent per year, individual bandwidth requirements have reached upwards of one hundred eighty minutes per hour. Not surprisingly, this has created some problems. "

Tags:bandwidth, optic, capacity, interconnect, network

Abstract
This paper demonstrates how videoconferencing works including the components, proper protocol and bandwidth. The author explores the uses, advantages and disadvantages of videoconferencing in business especially to eliminate the need for unnecessary business travel. The author also explores the educational uses of videoconferencing especially in rural and foreign communities. Included in the paper is a break-even table for converting meetings to videoconferencing.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Video Conferencing
Components
Protocol
Bandwidth
Uses of Videoconferencing
Business Uses of Videoconferencing
Advantages of Videoconferencing in the Business Environment
Disadvantages of Videoconferencing in the Business Environment
Educational Uses of Video Conferencing
Challenges that Educators Face when Using Videoconferencing
Recent Problems Associated with Videoconferencing
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the academic environment videoconferencing is often used as a distance education technique. Videoconferencing often used to teach individuals in both urban and remote rural locations. There are several factors that influence the use of videoconferencing in an academic environment. Factors such as technology used, physical factors such as lighting and sound, as well as teaching strategies. It is widely accepted that presenting a successful module via videoconferencing requires a modified approach to teaching and learning ."

Tags:audio, video, bandwidth, visual, hackers, security, academic, internet, camera, protocol, savings

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze different aspects of Pulse Code Modulation including sampling theory, aliasing, quantizing and effect of non-uniform quantization. Each part of the paper begins with the theoretical analysis; then the simulation results are presented. Finally the practical measurement results are demonstrated and discussed. For better analysis and subjective evaluation of quantization process, a Java-MATLAB application is developed (the source codes are included). Finally in the conclusion, the main points of each part are summarized.
Outline
Introduction
Pulse Modulations
Pulse Code Modulation
Sampling
Nyquist Sampling Theorem and the Aliasing Distortion
Zero Order Hold (ZOH)
Effect of Output Pulse Width
Aliasing Distortion
Variation of the Output Filter Bandwidth
Quantization
PCM Quantization Analysis: Java-MATLAB Software Application
Peak clipping
Quantization Distortion
Spectrum of Quantization Noise
Non-Uniform Quantization
The i law
Quantization Distortion for a Companded System
Conclusion
References
Appendix A: Java Software Source code

From the Paper
"Sampling is the first step in any pulse modulation system. In fact by sampling, a signal is represented by set of discrete samples. If the frequency of the sampling is high enough, the original signal can be recovered from the samples. This concept will be examined with more details later. From the mathematical point of view, the sampling process can be considered as the multiplication of the message signal by a train of Dirac impulses. "

Tags:aliasing, analogue, bandwidth, clipping, code, communication, converter, dac, digital, distortion, filtering, frequency, holding, law, low, matlab, modulation, non, nyquist, pass, pcm, peak, pulse, quantization, sampling, simulation, spectrum, theory, uniform, zero, zoh

Abstract
This paper explores the current mobile computing technologies related with network, hardware and software. In addition, the security and standard of mobile computing is considered as an important aspect of this field. Thie paper also analyzes the current issues in mobile computing worldwide that require further innovation.

Contents:
Introduction
Different types of Distributed Mobile Computing system
Traditional Distributed System
Nomadic Distributed System
Ad-Hoc Mobile distributed System
Mobile Computing Technologies and Hardwares
GSM
AMPS
CDPD
Circuit-switched network
Packet-switched network
Bluetooth
Common Mobile Computing Hardware
Mobile Computing Software
Operating System
Mobile Computing application software
Mobile Computing Security
Virus Attacks
Synchronisation
Network Security
Current Issues of Mobile Computing
Batteries related issues
Bandwidth
Reliability
Mobile Computing Standard
WAP
SWAP
The Future of Mobile Computing
Summary and Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"With the boom in laptop computer sales and the recent popularity of cellular telephone, PCS and paper technologies many experts are convinced that tomorrow's computers will all be mobile. This surge in popularity is followed by the desire for continuous Internet connectivity regardless of location; in other words, users desire Internet version of cellular telephone and mobile that can supply network function."

Tags:amps, cdpd, distributed, hoc, mobile, nomadic, system

Abstract
This paper explains that Enron, which started in 1985 with the merger of Houston Natural Gas Company of Houston, Texas, and the natural gas company, InterNorth, based in Omaha, Nebraska, originally operated interstate gas pipelines but, in 1989, diversified into trading energy-related products. The author points out that, in addition to its trading in energy, Enron started trading in cellulose, pulp, paper, fertilizer, plastic, metals, and bandwidth. By 1999, Enron was involved in nearly a quarter of the energy deals worldwide. The paper relates that Enron's central strategy was to use totally the financial and derivatives in the market to acquire any commodities, from oil and natural gas to electric power generation and pipeline capacity, broadband communication, and freight capacity of modular containers, all at any price demanded. This corporate greed led to its downfall.

From the Paper
"Enron launched the New Power Company, the first national energy service in May 2000 along with its new strategic investors IBM and America Online. The New Power Company was created to provide energy services for residential and small businesses in the US, where deregulations in the energy market were introduced. In early 2001, Jeff Skilling took over as Enron's chief executive officer from Ken Lay. In October 2001, the tables were turned again and Ken Lay returned as chief executive officer with Jeff Skilling having resigned in August. Shortly afterwards in 2002 investigations into corporate crimes and accountancy fraud were initiated on Enron leading to sharp share prices fall and the collapse of the Enron empire."

Tags:pipelines, diversified, strategy, greed, downfall

Abstract
This paper explains that computer-aided instruction (CAI) and computer-based training (CBT) have provided both graduates and undergraduates the drill-and-practice systems, that have replaced teachers in routine coaching duties. The author points out that, despite reservations being made by a number of researchers, nearly every higher education institute in the United States is in favor of distance-learning programs because they can cut costs. The paper states that the Internet will become an inseparable part of all the educational systems in the new millennium.

Table of Contents
Statement of Purpose
Search Strategies
The Approach Utilized
Data Gathering and Utilizing Method
Keywords Used
Introduction
Computer-Aided Instruction and Computer-Based Training
Internet Impact: Distance Learning, Cost Reduction, and Increased Access
Calendar of Class Sessions
Virtual Office Hours
Chat Rooms
Video and Movie Clips
"Live" Computer Programs
Two-way Interactive Communication
On-demand Communication Protocol
Wide Communication Bandwidth
Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Interactive Learning Environments
Internet Impact: Turning Expensive Stand-Alone Systems into Cheaper Distance-Learning Technologies
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The impact of Internet on the traditional learning system has raised doubts in the minds of the several researchers. John and Donald assert, "Some persons are so addicted to its use to the extent they have actually flunked out of college, lost their marriage partners, become mentally sick, given up their jobs, and decreased their human contacts". Furthermore, one more researcher asserts that having access to the Internet does not assure that students will use the information accessible to them from the internet will be used to gain useful knowledge."

Tags:distance-learning, cost-reduction, chat, drill, accessiblity

Abstract
This paper explores the reasons for the shift from a hub-based token ring system to an Ethernet system. The author discusses the desire for increased speed, greater bandwidth and general updating of the system to be more compatible with other contemporary systems.

From the Paper
"The Ethernet originated as a laboratory project at Xerox Corporation in 1974. It was developed as an inexpensive way of sending information quickly between office machines connected together in a single room or building thus serving in essentially the same way that a local area network functions but it rapidly became a standard computer interconnection method in large measure because of the speed at which it is capable of transmitting data, which is 10 megabits per second. The Ethernet originally required a coaxial cable as its communications medium, but this is no longer the case."

Tags:Coaxial, cables, efficient, expensive, means, communication, systems, installed, simple, paired, wires, enigma

Abstract
This paper presents the history, pros, cons and uses of video conferencing. The paper shows that numerous benefits to both businesses and consumers are provided by video conferencing. For example, video conferencing reduces travel expenses, reduces the distance between separated families, improves working relationships and improves remote job interviews processes. The paper discusses how video conferencing is also proving an invaluable tool in industries, such as the legal, medicinal, and educational fields. It examines the potential problems which could occur with this new technology, as well as several challenges faced by the emerging video conferencing industry including bandwidth limitations, picture quality degradation due to compression and decompression and the level of preparation for presentations at meetings.

From the Paper
"Economic and organization pressures, such as increased local and global competition, has fueled the need to find better and more efficient ways of doing business. Video conferencing seeks to provides a human face to the technological world in which we live and work. It has been available for many years, but until recently, cost has limited its widespread use. "Video conferencing is the combination of dedicated audio, video, and communications networking technology for real-time interaction (Multimedia Telecommunications FAQ).""

Tags:innovations, technology, Wide, Area, Networking, ISO-Ethernet

Abstract
This paper on mobility pattern and broadband networks focuses on the fast transfer rate of information either wireless or wirelined via broadband network services and the underlying technologies which make possible the achievement of large range of bandwidth. This paper also reviews the grade of service for different mobility patterns and the services provided by this technology in accordance to geographical locations, different buildings and static users.

Tags:mobility pattern, broadband