Abstract
This paper discusses the Banana War and the role of the major players over the eight year dispute. The paper examines the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its paradoxical mandate to have 'fair' competition and provide an arena for objective negotiations. The paper shows how the Banana War highlighted the dynamics of globalization, the workings of the WTO and the politics of international economic activities.

Outline:
Introduction
Dynamics of the Banana War
World Trade Organization: Role in the Banana War and Dispute-Settlement
'Players' of the Banana War
Conclusion: The 'Banana Split'

From the Paper
"The 'Banana War' provides the platform to explore the concept of international economics, within the paradigm of political economics. That is, with a history embedded in colonialism, which some say caused the economic collapse of African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) countries (Capella, 2005); shouldn't the EU be responsible for the economic health of these regions? If so, preferential treatment to these regions, was not illegal, but was in-fact justified. However, in a globalized world, with the laws of demand and supply dictating economic policy, should an uncompetitive player be allowed to remain in the market, due to protectionism? If no, then the US was well within its right to seek retribution for losses they incurred. These complex issues and questions will be analyzed and answered in the following sections."

Tags:African, Caribbean, Pacific, World, Trade, Organization, globalization, free, trade, policies, import, export

Abstract
This paper seeks to examine the eight year dispute between the United States (US) and European Union (EU), which was called the 'Banana Wars'. Although it was not a traditional war in the general sense of the word, the paper describes it as having one of the most prolific implications for international trade and impacted international political economics more so than any other activity in this time period.

From the Paper
"International political economics is one of the few social sciences that analyze the political implications of actions within an economic realm on an international sphere. Hence it is a useful analytical tool to understanding historical events/crisis/agreements reached on a global scale. This paper seeks to examine, the eight year dispute between the United States (US) and European Union (EU), which was called the `Banana Wars'. Although it was not a traditional war in the general sense of the word, it..."

Tags:international, political, economics

Abstract
Analysis of the international trade dispute of the 1990s. How trade wars progress. The difficulty of achieving international agreements and enforcement. Long-term ramifications of trade policy. Examines the underlying ussues of the Banana Wars. How an agreement was reached, and impediments to implementing it. Effects of agreement on the banana industry.

From the Paper
"Introduction
Although the globalization of trade has opened up new markets for many companies, and provided the opportunity for diversification that has provided companies with some insulation during economic downturns, international trade does not always progress smoothly. Single countries can impose trade barriers to protect their own industries or in retaliation for barriers in other markets, and entire countries can join together to create cartels (such as the OPEC) or trading blocs (NAFTA and the EU, for example) that provide specific benefits to members. The World Trade Organization (WTO) evolved from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and has recently been tested as an arbiter of international dispute. The so-called banana wars of the 1990s provide an example of how trade wars progress, how ..."

Abstract
The paper examines J. D. Salinger's "A Perfect Day for Banana Fish" where Salinger emphasizes the destiny of the human race, which evolves from childish innocence to adulthood, where it is conquered by evil and ungenerous acts. The paper then examines Denis Johnson's short story "Emergency", which depicts a narrower reality but still teaches the lesson that the ordinary world can always give place to the miraculous one and the whole of reality can never be seen in one glance. The paper therefore shows how the two stories offer universal truths about life and humanity.

From the Paper
"Both literature and art in general address universal issues. Thus, things are represented in such a way as to speak to a universal reader. Shakespeare's works, as Johnson had observed, are close to perfection precisely because they are revelers of universal truth about life and humanity. There are nevertheless literary works that speak to a narrower public and focus on rather uncommon aspects of life.
"A short story such as J. D. Salinger's A Perfect Day for Banana Fish is an American classic. The story indirectly contours the disastrous effects of war over a former young soldier who had actually lived the experience. The story moreover emphasizes the destiny of the human race that evolves from childish innocence to adulthood, a state conquered by evil and ungenerous acts."

Tags:war, adults, children, destiny, reality, miracles

Abstract
John Hay, the U.S. Ambassador to London, called the war of 1898 with Spain ?a splendid little war.? His statement, often quoted about the war, indicated his recognition that this war would change the position of the United States in the world and have ramifications for decades to come. This paper shows that the Spanish-American War often gets little attention in history texts, overpowered by the bigger, longer-lasting wars such as the War Between the States, World War I and World War II. The fact is that the Spanish-American War, which included significant action both in the Caribbean, especially Cuba, and the Pacific, especially involving the Philippines, had complex causes and complex long-term ramifications.

From the Paper
"The war of 1898 represented a turning point in the United States? international standing. The country acquired its first overseas territories and pushed Spain out of the Western Hemisphere (Rodriguez, 1998). It laid the groundwork for our involvement in World War II, as our growing interests in the Pacific had a profound effect on Japanese action in that arena. Until the Spanish-American war, our influence had been limited to North America. Now we had presence in both major oceans and had contended with other great powers, either by warfare or by maneuvering, and had emerged victorious (Rodriguez, 1998). It was not a challenge to defeat Spain, but the long-term effects of the war dramatically affected history for the following century. The groups who drew us into the war, both in the Caribbean and the Pacific, revolutionary factions in both Cuba and the Philippines, did not fare well. Cuba was liberated from Spain but under profound influence of the Untied States. In the Philippines, the people simply traded one country's domination for another's."

Tags:Monroe, Doctrine, Manifest, Destiny, Mexican, War, President, McKinley

Abstract
This paper studies the causes of the American Civil War. While most historians maintain that slavery was the main cause of the war, there are others who feel that slavery was only responsible to a certain extent and that there were complex political and economic factors which played an important role in the Civil War. Slavery was the oldest and most controversial issue dividing the North and the South and served as the primary catalyst for the Civil War but it was certainly not the only factor. South's waning ability to maintain its army of slaves and North's growing industrial power also fueled the conflict. There were some political factors too including the issue of equal representation in the Congress and states' autonomy which must be considered as possible causes of the war.

From the Paper
"Civil war is the most momentous and crucial period in the history of America. Not only did this war bring an end to centuries of slavery in the country but also gave way to numerous social and political changes. The country had already been torn by the negative trend in race relations and numerous cases of slave uprisings were taking their toll on the country's political and social structure. While slavery is cited as the most common cause of the Civil War, it is believed that there were several other factors involved. In other words, though slavery was the major cause it was certainly not the only cause. Civil war and abolition of slavery have become synonymous terms as the former led to the latter. But still some historians maintain that slavery has been turned into a too convenient excuse in connection with the Civil War."

Tags:war, american, civil, slavery, north, south, white, black

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the books "The Great War 1914-1918", by Cyril Falls, and "The Pity of War: Explaining World War I", by Niall Ferguson. The paper discusses how these two books, written 40 years apart, look at the war from different stages in history and from different perspectives. The paper analyzes how the authors graphically illustrate the First World War and what this war meant to the participants, the world, and to history in general. The paper examines how the books discuss emotional and personal themes, which makes them quite important for detailed research that adds another dimension to The Great War.

From the Paper
"Ferguson, on the other hand, uses a different type of literary technique. He consistently relates events to works of literature that covered the war, from classics such as All Quiet on the Western Front and For Whom the Bell Tolls to lesser knows works, he consistently compares the actual events of the war to how their authors portrayed (and sometimes dramatized) them in literary works. For some readers, this might be more difficult to follow and identify with and understand. However, both books are extremely well written. They belong in any serious World War I library or historian's reference shelf."

Tags:Francis, Ferdinand, Lloyd, George, World, War, Allies, anti-war, activists

Abstract
This paper describes the war that existed in the Philippines after the Spain's defeat at the hands of the United States during the Spanish-American War. As a direct result of the war, the Philippines were given to the United States and the Filipino people who originally believed that they were fighting a war for freedom and independence against the Spanish begin to turn against American troops who they view as simply another occupying force. The first part of the paper gives a background to the Filipino insurgency and its main leader, General Emilio Aguinaldo. Aguinaldo's tactics of fighting a guerrilla war against American troops is examined, as well as the effectiveness of these attacks on shocking the American public back home. Feeling betrayed by America who promised the Filipino people freedom after the Spanish were defeated, Aguinaldo embarked on a series of deadly attacks on American soldiers in the Philippines. As a result, American troops responded with equal brutality in their reprisals with very little organized military command holding them back. Diaries are heavily cited in this section of the paper, giving primary sources that tell of how desperate the American soldiers were at the time and how they needed to racially dehumanize the enemy in order to commit such vicious acts of reprisal. The second part of the paper deals with how the American press responded to the war. Numerous newspaper articles and other criticisms of the war are given as examples, some written by the early 20th century's most prominent figures such as Mark Twain. The general point of this section is to show how deeply divided the American public was over the war in the Philippines and how many felt that it would lead to American involvement in other world affairs. A direct parallel is also drawn to the Iraq War in modernity. Finally, the paper ends with a detailed account of how individual soldiers from both sides viewed the conflict. The Filipinos clearly viewed the insurgency as a necessary action in order to preserve their promised independence, while many American soldiers were disgusted and frustrated with why they were in the country to begin with, and often responded violently towards the natives since they began to view them as subhuman. The psychology of warfare is briefly discussed, as soldiers often dehumanize the enemy as a means of justification of their own violent behavior. The end of the insurgency is also discussed, with American troops brutally putting down the rebellion and establishing a tight control over the entire area for decades.

From the Paper
"On April 11th, 1898, the President of the United States William McKinley went to Congress and asked the elected body to declare war on Spain for their role in oppression overseas and to accommodate public opinion that was strongly anti-Spanish due to the sinking of the United States battleship Maine only a few months earlier that was blamed on Spanish agents. Congress eventually sanctioned the war, and the Spanish-American war commenced with several battles over Spanish colonies such as Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. The war itself was over fairly quickly, as hostilities were ended only a few months after war was officially declared. The involvement in the former Spanish colonies clearly demonstrated that America had shifted to a strong imperialistic attitude when it came to the Western Hemisphere and indeed the world in general, and would be forced to endure all of the benefits and tribulations that came from being an imperialistic power."

Tags:aguinaldo, american, emilio, filipino, history, philippines, spanish, war, wars

Abstract
In this article, the writer presents a comprehensive analysis of the Banana War. The case study analyzes the players, dynamics, and outcomes of the war. Issues related to political economics, and international economics are explained. Globalization and free-trade are common themes and a critical overview of both concepts within the realm of the Banana War is explored.

From the Paper
"Although titled `Banana War', the eight year dispute between the United States (US) and European Union (EU), was not a traditional war in the general sense of the word. However, it had one of the most prolific implications for international trade than any other activity. The cost of this war was estimated to be billions of dollars, and had the power to destroy and arguably rebuild economies. This paper will analyze the facets of the Banana War and identify the role of major players over the eight year dispute. All aspects of international ..."

Abstract
The history of American trade with South America is indeed an interesting one. Not least of all American trade with its neighbors to the south has been interpreted in at least some quarters as another means by which the powerful America has dominated the weak, comparatively poor South American nations. With this in mind, this paper looks at the trade history between the United States and South America from the end of the eighteenth century onwards and scan it for instances of intemperate or unfair American practices. In particular, the paper looks at America's historic trade relations with Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama as well as - briefly - the infamous Banana Wars.

Tags:ecuador, panama, bananas