Abstract
Paper explains the controversial U.S. ballistic missile defense scheme in which Canada plays a comparatively small role despite ample criticism. Discussion of defense and security policy choices according to complex neo-realist rationale warranted post-9/11. Exposition of low quality critiques; reflection on how this is often the case given the basic nature of defense/security planning and knowledge gap; technical/legal rationale versus rhetorical criticism.

From the Paper
Canadian-U.S. Security Relations & Ballistic Missile Defence. Introduction Canadian public sentiment concerning all defense-related agreements with the United States can lag behind public knowledge of a much changed security environment. The United States has researched matters of ballistic missiles and possible missile defense systems since the 1940s as an early venture of the emerging Cold War. In the 1970s, a prototype missile detection and intervention system was in effect briefly through to the 1980s spectacle of President Reagan's notorious Star Wars venture that tended to alienate Canadian opinion from American security matters

Tags:us ballistic miss def, canada involvement, complex n

Abstract
This paper examines the US decision to move forward with a ballistic missile defense system. The author gives a background on the history and technology of ballistic missile defense and then examines the reactions of other countries to the American missile defense decision. Also discussed are the ideological and moral support for missile defense at the state level. Finally, missile defense is analyzed as a political issue in relation to the 2000 elections and as an economic issue for defense contractors and certain parts of the country that stand to gain business from an expanded missile defense.?

From the Paper:

"On March 23, 1983, President Ronald Reagan began one of the most important legacies of the last stage of the Cold War with a speech outlining his Strategic Defense Initiative. The Star Wars program, as it came to be known, immediately created tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, as well as between the US and its allies, and sparked debate over the feasibility, cost, benefits, and consequences of ballistic missile defense (BMD). This debate may not have mattered much when missile defense technology was too immature to make deployment practical or even possible. However, seventeen years later, technology has advanced to the point where the US must decide now whether it wants missile defense in the future. A decision of this magnitude, involving billions of dollars and potentially billions of lives, must be examined closely at all levels of analysis."?
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Tags:reagan, sdi, star, wars, russia, patriot, technology, pentagon, china, bmd

Abstract
This paper explains that the penetration and "stopping power" of a bullet can be measured using the kinetic energy and Taylor Index equations. The paper reveals that wound ballistics is concerned with the motions and interactions of the projectile with tissue. The author believes that, through understanding of the physics behind bullet impacts and penetration, the criminologist more fully understands how different types of projectiles react when striking flesh or other resistant mediums and can lead to better a understanding of the whys and hows of a crime. Formulas included.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Physics behind the Bullet
Wound Ballistics
Conclusion

From the Paper
"To get the bullet in a vital area you need penetration. As a rule of thumb, velocity times sectional density is equal to relative bullet penetration. This is valid for bullets of similar composition. In good hunting bullets, expansion is consistently in the neighborhood of double the diameter and we assume the bullet will retain its weight. If the bullet goes to pieces, losing weight and consequently its sectional density, you might as well forget about it. The heavier bullet has a higher sectional density and will maintain the higher sectional density when it has expanded to double its diameter. In addition, the heavier bullets tend to have lower velocity. At lower velocity the resistance and consequently crushing force on the bullet nose, is lower, so expansion is delayed. This is why heavy bullets have delayed expansion, and do not show the same tendency to blow up on the surface as light bullets even though they have identical impact energy. It is how a given bullet interacts with tissue that determines its lethality."

Tags:bullet, kinetic, wound, resistant, hunting

Abstract
The paper defines types of ballistics and goes into depth on terminal ballistics, velocity, and one-stop shots. The author discusses the effects and actions of the projectile upon impact of a target specifically the human body. What happens when a bullet strikes human flesh? Dismisses several theories in the field using FBI research.

From the Paper
"The study of the firing of projectiles, their flight and how they strike a target is called ballistics. There are several categories of ballistics including internal ballistics, external or exterior ballistics and terminal ballistics. Internal ballistics is concerned with the behavior of the bullet or projectile from the moment it is fired until it leaves the gun barrel. Exterior ballistics deals with the flight of a projectile after it leaves the barrel. One major effect of the bullet's flight is the pull of gravity, which causes the bullet to immediately drop after leaving the barrel and fly on a parabolic path. Terminal ballistics however, is concerned with when the bullet hits a target and the effects produced by that bullet."

Tags:criminalistics, forensic, range, science, velocity, criminal, justice

Abstract
This paper relates the laws of physics require that intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM) pass though the outer atmosphere. Next, the author looks at the sequence of operations needed to properly launch the anti-ship cruise missile (ASCM), which is among the latest long-range weapons utilized in naval battles. The paper investigates the function of the global positioning system (GPS), which is responsible for the breathtaking precision of cruise missiles. The paper has footnotes and an appendix with photos.

From the Paper
"The important technical factor that makes cruise missiles soar over rocket-powered missiles is that, as it breathes air, it does not have to carry an oxidizer and thus its range is considerably longer compared to a rocket powered missile of equal weight. The rocket powered missile is the front runner on all other aspects. For example it travels much faster, it can fly low, it can have lower radar cross sections, and it can have equal precision. Besides, it is not only simpler, but possibly more dependable. However the advantage of a cruise missile is much more. In order to burn its fuel, a rocket-powered missile must carry oxygen."

Tags:warhead, fuel weight, williams engine, inertial guidance, targets

Abstract
This paper relates that, like any enjoyable activity, reading a good book gives a sense of movement or freedom by way of feeling and the ability to seek and be wherever, whatever it is while being contained serenely and inevitably by a mysterious source. The writer reveals her love for classic Russian writers, including Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Solzhenitsyn, but not for the more modern writers James Joyce and Thomas Pynchonan, who cause rigor mortis in the brain and in the heart. The paper concludes that whenever the author reads a satisfying novel, she feels an emotion that is like life itself, moving in ballistic force or gently like the lapping waters.

From the Paper
""The Brothers Karamazov" by Dostoevsky, whose style is somewhat violently opposite to that of Tolstoy's, however,captures life in the same realistic manner. Karamazov perfectly renders the force and thrust of emotions - feelings that hurtle like missiles - ballistic, which have to be freed, if only temporarily from the lurid bog of human relationships. Dostoevsky on the surface portrays his characters as typical, like frozen images of certain natures (the mystic Alyosha, the sensual Dmitri, the intellectual Ivan, the buffoon father in murdered Fyodor Karamazov)."

Tags:life, floating elation, benchmark ballistic russian

Abstract
The paper is in the form of a memo that discusses the Soviet deployment of ballistic missiles in Cuba and weighs the appropriate response to this confrontation. The memo recommends an active blockade of Cuba and increased negotiation and shows the dangers inherent in a massive military assault against Cuba. The memo looks at the resources required for a blockade and considers removing U.S. missile sites from a similar strategically unimportant position in Europe. The memo explains that such a gesture would give the Soviets the false sense that they had "won" this conflict and would show the world that the US will respond forcefully when threatened by a foreign power.

Outline:
Overview of the Issue: Soviet Ballistic Missiles in Cuba
Blockade and Negotiation: An Appropriate Strategic Response
The Prevailing Options: Full-Scale Military Assault or Quarantine
Instituting a Cuban Blockade: Resources Required

From the Paper
"In recent days, in October 1962, a confrontation with the Soviet Union has developed over the deployment of ballistic missiles in Cuba (Cuban missile crisis, 2000). This confrontation has the unfortunate potential to develop into a major conflict between US and Soviet forces, perhaps even to the point where thermonuclear war will be inevitable. This action on the part of the Soviets took the administration somewhat by surprise (McNamara, 2002). Nonetheless, when considered in light of the recent events surrounding the failed Bay of Pigs incursion, it almost seems inevitable that the Soviets would exploit Cuba's position and antagonism toward the United States and its interests."

Tags:Kennedy, nuclear, war, air, strike, military

Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of missile defense, ie. the idea that a defense missile can be used to shoot down an incoming ballistic missile and how the mere idea of this ability in the past threatened to add fuel to an ongoing arms race between the two then superpowers. It evaluates the Anti Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM) which was a result of an attempt to add some stability to a very dangerous and unstable Cold War. This paper examines the new challenges to that treaty, challenges which have ultimately left it a remnant of the past and the reasons why President Bush choose to leave the treaty. It attempts to understand the treaty's past, its present situation and the future of American Foreign Policy without its restriction. It analyzes the history and development of missile technology over the tears and the international threat it poses.

From the Paper
"To fully understand the ABM treaty, the issues of the world in which it was made must be taken into account. When Nixon came into the office of the President, the Vietnam War was coming to an end. The goals of the Nixon administration were to decrease America's extent to regional allies and to create stability in the world. The end of the Vietnam War was an example of Nixon's goal to decrease America's protection through non-nuclear assistance to regional allies. Nixon declared that America would provide a nuclear umbrella for her allies but "The primary burden for regional and local defense would lie with the states directly concerned." This policy was a direct result of America's domestic situation at the time."

Tags:bush, nixon, cold, war, iraq, clinton, foreign, policy

Abstract
The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 was a major cold war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev decided to install ballistic missiles in Cuba although they had made a promise to the U.S. that they would not. The paper shows that when the U.S. discovered the construction of missile launching sites, President John F. Kennedy publicly denounced the Soviet actions, demanding that they remove the nuclear missiles from Cuba.
When this did not work, Kennedy imposed a naval blockade on Cuba, threatening that the U.S. Days would meet any missile launched from Cuba with a full-scale retaliatory attack later and Soviet ships carrying missiles to Cuba went home. The paper examines how Khrushchev soon agreed to dismantle the missile sites. The U.S then ended its blockade within a month, and shortly after, all missiles and bombers were removed from Cuba. The paper provides a detailed overview of this confrontation.

From the Paper
"The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 was the first time that the world was in danger of full-scale nuclear war. When the Soviet Union placed nuclear missiles in Cuba, the U.S. viewed this as an act of hostility that could not be tolerated.

However, many critics say that the Soviets were simply reacting to the Bay of Pigs invasion, in which Kennedy used Cubans against Castro without providing the American military support they needed. Americans saw this as a great embarrassment. But to the U.S.S.R., it was viewed as an American-sponsored military offensive against Cuba, which was a communist country and Soviet ally."

Tags:nuclear, war, Bay, of, Pigs, Fidel, Castro, DEFCON, 3

Abstract
The paper discusses the assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy and examines the possibility of either the Mafia or the CIA to conspiring to kill President Kennedy. he author writes that the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald, discrepancies in the Warren Report, use of different firearms and ballistic information and key things missing in autopsy photographs all suggest a cover-up.

From the Paper
" On November 22, 1963, the thirty-fifth President of the United States, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was assassinated. Seven days later on November 29, 1963, the newly sworn in President, Lyndon B. Johnson, formed a commission that would investigate the assassination. The Warren Commission, as it would later be known, was to evaluate all leads and facts surrounding both the assassination of the President and the assassination of his alleged assassin. After the investigation was complete, the information found was to be reported to the President. The Commission gave their findings to the President in the form of the Warren Report, as the chairman of the Commission was Earl Warren. President Johnson had appointed Warren, the former chief justice of the United States, to head up the Commission. The Commission was able to compile much of its information with the help of Federal agencies, the city of Dallas, and thousands upon thousands of testimonies from people associated with the case. The Commission concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin of President Kennedy and that Jack Ruby had killed Lee Harvey Oswald."

Tags:assassinate, Dallas, Giancana, presidential, school, book, depository, Zapruder