Abstract
The paper looks at the Balfour declaration and examines the declaration that was produced by historical British solicitude for European Jewry. The paper explains how this and exigencies of World War I diplomacy contributed along with many other factors to Israeli independence in 1948. The paper details the circumstances that led to the adoption of the Balfour Declaration.

From the Paper
"This research paper analyzes the circumstances which led to the adoption by the British government in November of the Balfour Declaration and discusses its principal consequences including the relationship between its adoption and implementation and the eventual establishment of the State of Israel."

Tags:balfour, declaration, jewish, homeland, zionism

Abstract
This essay is a brief discussion of the Balfour Declaration, the document by which Britain, in 1916, committed itself to support the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The paper reveals that unfortunately, the British were already promising the Arabs of the region independence, and promising the French that they would control part of the region. The paper discusses how this effectively set the stage for the current Arab-Israeli conflict.

From the Paper
"In one of his Supreme Court opinions, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter, voiced what it has been to be a Jew: "One who belongs to the most vilified and persecuted minority in history" (Frankfurter (1943), 646). With this history, Jews had longed for centuries to have a nation where they would be accepted. The persecutions that they had suffered had been the stuff of overwhelming tragedy (Durant, 1950, 385-94, 589-90)and their repeated expulsions from various countries (Crow, 1963, 33-39; Durant, 1957, 216-20), had only increased their longing for a homeland, a place which being defined as a Jewish state, could not expel them."

Tags:balfour, declaratiohn, israel

Abstract
This paper delves into the reasons why the British Government created the Balfour Declaration. It examines the true motives and despite their wish to help the Jews set up a homeland, they also had their own domestic issues at heart -from the necessity of securing the Suez Canal to the desire to empty their country of the Jewish people to avoid a rise of anti-Semitism.

From the Paper
"The Balfour Declaration was declared partly to elicit support from the powerful American Jewry who, in gratitude, might convince the United States to help Great Britain in the allied war effort. The Allies (Great Britain, France, and Russia) outlook for World War I was bleak at the time: most battles they were fighting or had fought ended in stalemate with no victor. They needed a new ally that would tip the balance in their favor, allowing them to defeat the Central Powers (Germany, Austria, and the Ottoman Empire). In the current stage of the war, the U.S. was apathetic to joining either side, but they had substantial military potential and financial resources. If Britain issued a document that favored a Jewish home in Palestine, they thought that this inducement would be enough to encourage American Jewry to aid Great Britain in the war.1 The British believed the American Jews were extremely wealthy and among U.S. President Wilson s top advisors. Contrary to this notion, there were very few American Jews that were politically powerful, wealthy, or even Zionists that would appreciate this type of document. Britain s ignorance of the status of American Jewry thus played a main factor in the issuance of the Balfour Declaration.2 Here it is apparent that the British claim of Zionist sentiment really had no effect on their decision to issue the Declaration. They acted quickly and complied with British Zionists to design a quid pro quo that said if the Allies committed themselves to giving facilities for the establishment of a national home for the Jews in Palestine, [the Zionists] would do their best to rally Jewish sentiment and support throughout the world to the Allied cause. 3 Hence, the British used the Balfour Declaration merely as a tool to utilize what they thought was powerful Jewish influence in the United States. It is most probable that if the Allies were winning World War I at the time, the Balfour Declaration would not have been issued. There was not a strong Zionist commitment within the British Parliament and the Jews were used only as a part of Great Britain s bigger plan to bring the U.S. on the Allied side.4"

Tags:balfour, canal, declaration, herzl, israel, jew, jewish, palestine, revolution, russia, suez, war, zionism, zionist

Abstract
This paper examines the controversy about the Balfour Declaration and the Sykes-Picot agreement, pointing to them as catalysts of the current hostilities between the Jews and the Arabs and showing how those hostilities were the result of Britain's failing to honor its agreements.

From the Paper
"Many historians attribute the present-day turmoil in the Middle East neither to the Jews nor to the Arabs, but to the failure of Great Britain to keep its promises. The British promise to the Jews under the Balfour Declaration with regard to establishing a Jewish national home in Palestine had already been compromised a year earlier by a secret agreement between the British and the French; the Sykes-Picot agreement. During the years from then until now, the conflict..."

Tags:Balfour Declaration, Sykes-Picot Agreement, the White Paper, Palestine, Jews, Arabs, Britain

Abstract
This paper provides a brief book review of Sebastian Balfour's "Castro", part of the "Profiles in Power" series. The review discusses Balfour's purpose in writing the analysis of Castro's ability to endure as the leader of Cuba and various aspects of Castro's individual qualities that have contributed to this endurance.

From the Paper
"Sebastian Balfour's "Castro" describes the rise to power and record-setting length of rule by revolutionary Cuban leader, Fidel Castro. Feeling that leftist and rightist views of Castro do not provide a holistic perspective of the charismatic Cuban leader and that there is an absence of analytical works on him, Balfour maintains that the purpose of this book is to provide a reinterpretation of the enigmatic leader in light of recent investigation. Balfour's investigation of Castro is well-documented and researched, including interviews, press accounts, first-hand witnesses..."

Tags:communism, Marxism, media, U.S., imperialism, nationalism, revolution

Abstract
This paper discusses the reasons why the Balfour Declaration of 1917 was so important for the political and social developments in Palestine at the time. It discusses the history of the Declaration and the British interest in the area. The paper then shows how the ambiguity of the Declaration marked the beginnings of the Arab-Israeli conflict that still exists today.

From the Paper
"The 1917 Balfour Declaration added to the tensions between the Palestinian Arabs and Jews worldwide, thus it can be seen as one of the beginnings of the Arab-Israeli war present in today's society. The ambiguity of the document led to much confusion between Jews as to what portion of Palestine would become theirs, which has been argued to have been part of the British government's aims in order to gain Jewish support for the war whilst being careful to keep peaceful relations with the Palestinian Arabs at the time. The Balfour Declaration was a document based on colonialism, nationalism and imperialism; the colonization of the Palestinian Arab's territory by the Jewish people according to Jewish ideals for a national homeland in Palestine, in order to secure the strategic Suez Canal and control over oil in the region."

Tags:Zionism, colonisation, imperialism

Abstract
This paper explores the impact the Balfour Declaration of 1917 and how it influences and endangers the Palestinian-Israel conflict. The author takes the reader on an exploratory look at the declaration as well as current problems that declaration is creating.

From the Paper
"The history behind the Israel: Palestinian conflict is long and complicated however there are several things that become more obvious as time goes on. One of the problems in the conflict that cannot be denied is the impact that the Balfour Declaration has on the situation today. In Daniel R. Brower's, The World in the Twentieth Century From Empires to Nations Fifth Edition the detailed examination of the conflict makes the reader understand how the Balfour Declaration virtually ties the hands of the Palestinian participants with no obvious compromise or solution."

Tags:palestine, israel, palestinian, state, jewish, homeland, Balfour, declaration, brpwer

Abstract
This paper examines how, in "Understanding Administrative Evil", authors Guy B. Adams and Danny L. Balfour explore the idea and evolution of the concept of evil. It looks at how, over time, historical evil has evolved into administrative evil, a form of evil that is unique to modernity, and how the main differences between historical and administrative evil lie in the perpetrator's motivation. It analyzes how, to illustrate their arguments, Adams and Balfour cite numerous and varied cases of administrative evil, including the Jewish Holocaust, welfare reform, immigration, and the destructive organizational culture at NASA that spawned the Challenger tragedy.

From the Paper
"To support their argument, Adams and Balfour apply their theory to a number of modern historical events. In their first study, the authors analyze the Holocaust, first by summarizing the debate between intentionalist and functionalist scholars. However, to fully understand the German society's complicity in the Holocaust, Adams and Balfour argue for a synthesis that the Holocaust grew out of a "confluence of historical and political forces, racist ideology and anti-Semitism, organizational competition and the bureaucratic processes of a highly developed modern society" (59)."

Tags:nasa, nazis, holocaust, immigration, welfare, reform

Abstract
The paper demonstrates how the Arab-Israeli conflict started before the 1948 creation of the modern state of Israel. The paper provides the background of Zionist ideology, the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the Balfour Declaration, the Hebron Massacre, the British restrictions on immigration and the impact of World War Two. The paper discusses the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) proposal for a two-state solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict that was ignored. The paper chronicles the War of Independence and the Six Day War and contends that the only reasonable way to end the conflict is to create a Palestinian State. The paper believes that Israel must be willing to surrender some of its territories, and anti-Israeli terrorist organizations must be squelched systematically.

From the Paper
"The genesis of the Arab-Israeli conflict predated the 1948 creation of the modern state of Israel. Ottoman colonialism had scarred the Middle East for centuries. During World War One, French and especially British intervention in the region exacerbated an already heated conflict between Arabs and Jews in Palestinian region. The political trend toward nationalism also encouraged the Zionist ideology.
"Zionism began as a loosely organized grassroots movement in Europe during the late nineteenth century that encouraged Jews in Diaspora to claim a homeland territory in Palestine. Zionism was not a universal theme among Jews, and in fact many Jews living in Palestine and abroad opposed the creation of a modern Israeli nation-state (Beinin & Hajjar). The primary impetus of Zionism was to create a political nation-state with distinct geographic boundaries in Palestine. The new nation would encompass ancient Jewish territories including those regions and cities held sacred by both Muslims and Jews."

Tags:Zionism, Ottoman, Empire, British, Balfour, Declaration, Palestine

Abstract
The following paper examines several issues in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, such as the Suez Canal crises, the Balfour Declaration, the Yom Kippur War and the Six Day War. The writer discusses the events that lead to the major unresolved issues that remain today in Israel, namely the status of Jerusalem; the future of Israeli settlements; and the rights of Palestine refugees. This paper is written by a pro-Palestinian supporter.

From the Paper
"In 1994, Israel withdrew from the Gaza Strip and Jericho, ending 27 years of occupation. A Palestinian police force replaced them. In 1995, then a Jewish extremist assassinated Israeli Prime Minister, Yitzhak Rabin, who had been involved in the latest peace processes.
In April 1996, Israeli forces bombed Lebanon for 17 days, with Hezbollah retaliating by firing upon populated areas of Northern Israel. Israel also bombed a UN shelter, killing about 100 out of 800 civilians sheltering there. The UN claimed it was intentional. In 1998, the Wye River Memorandum planned Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank but Israel suspended it in 1999 due to internal disagreements on its implementation."

Tags:palestinian, liberation, organization, extremist, prime, minister, terrorism, occupation, territory