Abstract
This paper looks at the reasons behind Congress's proposal for a Constitutional amendment that would require a balanced budget and the groups that supported the proposal. The paper also looks at the groups that opposed the proposal and their arguments against it. The paper concludes with a counter proposal that is intended to address the concerns of those both for and against the proposed amendment.

From the Paper
"Deficit spending in the eighties, coupled with two Gulf Wars and a slowing economy, have escalated the borrowing and spending of this country for nearly two decades straight. As the federal deficit grows, those within government can not help but heed the warning signs. With no end in sight, many inside the beltway have proposed initiatives for capping federal spending. The most notable of these, and perhaps most drastic, is the adoption of a Constitutional amendment requiring a balanced budget. Proponents believe a balanced budget is necessary for the continued prosperity of the nation. They also believe budget oversights can be avoided when the President and lawmakers are held accountable for where they direct money."

Tags:recessions, economic, slowdowns, increased, government, spending, surpluses, future, budget, forecasts, oversights

Abstract
This paper presents and analyzes the Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 which deals with social managed care plans. According to the paper, the Act was extended but it limited membership to these organizations. It also points outthe similarities between Medicare and managed care plans.

From the Paper
"Since the Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 social managed care plans have become very popular. signed in to law by then President Bill Clinton. The Act was extended but it limited membership. There are 324,000 elders who are not eligible for managed care. Medicare is very similar to managed care plans that charge elders for health care benefits, products and services ("Alternatives to Nursing Home Care", 2008). The purpose of social managed care is to meet the needs of the elderly. Legislation has provided a full range of Medicare benefits to meet elder..."

Tags:managed, health, care

From the Paper
"In 1992, the government added another $400 billion to the national debt.. It took two centuries to accumulate $1 trillion in debt, and this debt has grown to four times that amount in just the past dozen years. Interest payments alone will take up 14 percent of the $1.5 trillion budget for 1993. A recent poll conducted jointly by ABC and the Washington Post showed 77 percent of Americans supporting a constitutional amendment to require a balanced budget..


Much has been tried already. All seven of the statutory laws passed since 1978 and designed to control the deficit have failed. Sequestration, budget summits, and five-year deficit reduction plans have all been bypassed. Those who doubt the value of the balanced-budget amendment should listen to the amendment's opponents. Almost every pro-spending special..."

From the Paper
" The federal government currently owes around $4.8 trillion and by the end of the decade the Clinton administration predicts that the debt will reach $6.5 trillion. By 2010, without appropriate action, that debt will have reached $8 trillion. Clearly a national debt that doubles in fifteen years of peace means that "there is something profoundly wrong with your budget and your finances" (Gingrich 90). The appropriate action to deal with the problem has two facets: 1) we must establish a "credible, year-by-year spending schedule" that will accomplish a balanced budget within the next six years; 2) a Balanced Budget Amendment must be passed by Congress and approved by the states in order to ensure that, barring emergencies such as war, such deficits never happen again (Dole and Kemp 57). A third aspect of balancing the budget is achieving tax cuts that will, along.."

Abstract
This is a paper on recent budget cuts in Medicare and proposed cuts in Medicaid, which will affect the communities of Halifax County, Florida. The paper focuses on the interaction between state, local and national governments to reveal how these budgetary changes were allowed, and what the local government must do to help patch up voids in the hospital budget while expensive or unnecessary care programs are phased out. The paper takes the position that national government cannot always tell what effect legislation will have on the individual communities it applies to.

Tags:healthcare, budget, policy

Abstract
This paper provides brief synopses of the most important issues for the U.S. economy. Written in a question and answer format, the paper answers ten questions about deficits and balanced budgets. The questions are:
(1) Why is a balanced budget, and possibly a balanced budget amendment necessary...Or is it?
(2) What is macroeconomics, and does it really affect the average citizen?
(3) Why did we have budget deficits for so long?
(4) Is there a way to cut spending and still cut taxes, and keep the surplus as well as getting the budget balanced?
(5) Is there such a thing as a really "fair" taxation system?
(6) If it is sort of unethical to borrow money and not repay it, how can the government do it?
(7) What would you do if you were asked to create a fair and equitable budget strategy, what would you advise?
(8) You say there have been budget shortfalls for years, and now in the last couple of years, all of a sudden, there is a surplus. So, why am I and my family not feeling the benefits of this surplus?
(9) I keep reading about this new European currency called the "euro" and the problems in Japan and how it might affect the trade balance and the stability of the dollar. Is this anything I should be worried about? Or is it just another game for economists to quibble about?
(10) You had to consult a number of books and articles from so-called experts for this assessment of our balanced budget needs. Have you really learned anything?

From the Paper
"Americans are basically naive about economics. Politicians and Economists duel about surpluses, deficits, the fate of Social Security, interest rates, international trade, and so on. We see headlines that scream that 400,000 new jobs cause fears of interest rate increases, The next day, the headlines about the slowing of new jobs seem to indicate the same (or other) "fears". After more than a generation of budget deficits, now we have surpluses, and the arguments rage about what to do with them. The fact is, a very small, privileged few (Alan Greenspan, head of the "Fed" is one) know what is going on and why, and, furthermore, what to do about it."

Tags:government, capital, spending, money, economists, Alan, Greenspan, surplus, debt, taxes

From the Paper
"The Federal Budget Process
Introduction


This research examines the process involved in the enactment of the federal budget. Congressional and executive roles in the process are reviewed, as are the interactions and conflicts between the Congress and the President in the development of a national budget. Deficit reduction measures, such as the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Bill, and the drive for a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution are also addressed.



The Budgeting Process ..."

From the Paper
"MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY, THE BALANCED BUDGET AGREEMENT, AND THE UNITED STATES ECONOMY
During the four fiscal years in which Jimmy Carter was president (fiscal years 1977-1980), the federal budget deficits totaled $226.8 billion. This cumulative Carter Administration deficit followed a cumulative deficit of $144.1 billion in the 1973-1976 fiscal year period of the Nixon/Ford presidency. The cumulative four year deficit increased $82.7 billion, or 57.4 percent, from Nixon/Ford to Carter, in terms of current dollars.

Under President Reagan, the cumulative budget deficit in the Administration's first term (fiscal years 1981-1984) was $599.9 billion. The cumulative four year deficit increased $373.1 billion, or 164.5 percent, from Carter to Reagan, in terms of current dollars. The deficit for the second term of.."

Abstract
The project reviews the elements of the design and presentation of a budget proposal. It encompasses the essentials of a good business presentation and the techniques and elements important in preparing such a presentation.

From the Paper
"A budget is a detailed pro forma schedule of financial activity such as an advertising budget, a sales budget or a capital budget. Broadly defined, a budget is nothing more than a systematic plan for the expenditure of any fixed resource such as money or time during a given period. In this case, the proposed budget is for a marketing research project. The proposed budget will be an itemized flexible budget that includes two main headings, estimated minimum cost and maximum cost..."

Tags:Budget, itemized, non itemized fixed variable, grouping alignment balance consistancy

Abstract
The paper examines Exxon's yearly revenues and growth. The paper explains that the 2005 revenue figures have shown an increase since the last year's results during the same period, due to an increase in the price of a crude oil barrel and the repositioning of the company. The paper evaluates the 2006 budget as one that will profit from the operational areas where the company is already relying on a huge success (crude oil, recognized brands), while planning to develop and sustain secondary areas of activity where it can become highly successful in time (smaller brands, the chemical industry, gasoline refining). The writer concludes that in his/her opinion, this kind of strategy will provide a balanced approach to long-term development.

From the Paper
"The 2005 revenue figures have shown a remarkable increase since last year results during the same period. On one hand, these were generated by an increase in the price of crude oil barrel, which has attained levels of over $60 in the last couple of months. On the other hand, the management team has thought out a certain repositioning of the company, which meant that some of the other sectors where the company is operating, such as the chemical industry or the gasoline refining market, although less profitable than the crude oil extracting operations, have begun to show small financial profits."

Tags:revenues, growth, finance, crude, oil