Abstract
The paper discusses the article by Pratap Chatterjee, entitled "MEXICO: World Bank to bail out banks by cutting environment, other loans." The paper describes how the article tells about how in 1995, the World Bank (working with the Inter-American Development Bank) bailed out Mexican banks that were in crisis, and also lent Mexico another 500 million dollars for social sectors, such as health and education.

From the Paper
"The article tells about how in 1995 the World Bank (working with the Inter-American Development Bank) bailed out Mexican banks that were in crisis, and also lent Mexico another 500 million dollars for social sectors, such as health and education. What I found fascinating about this article was that many people think that the World Bank actually does some good in the world, and

Tags:world, bank, chomsky

Abstract
This paper outlines the history of General Motors, looks at several good reasons to bail out the company as well as the reasons of those opposed to the bailout, and highlights the economic and social consequences to both bailing out GM and letting it fail. The paper discusses the third option for GM that is to provide bridge financing that would allow the company to restructure, and potentially be sold off. The paper reaches the conclusion that the cost of not bailing out GM is likely higher than the cost of the bailout, although from a strictly business point of view, GM should fail. The paper notes that the government supports the third option of providing bridge financing in order to give GM time to establish a recovery plan, but contends that there will come a time when they must choose whether or not GM will succeed or fail.

Outline:
Introduction to the General Motors Bailout
History
Proponents of the Bailout
Opponents
Building a Bridge
Conclusion

From the Paper
"General Motors began in 1908 when a manufacturer of horse-drawn vehicles moved into automobile production. Soon Oldsmobile, Cadillac and the future Pontiac were absorbed into Buick, providing the foundation for General Motors. The company was able to grow rapidly and expanded internationally early in its life. The company prospered in the post-war era but by the 1990s competition was beginning to take its toll. For the last couple of decades, General Motors has bled market share in its core US market, dropping from 33% in 1992 to 18% today (Flint, 2009). They have attempted to fill that revenue cap with improved overseas performance, opening plants in China and Brazil (GM.com, 2009)."

Tags:automobile, industry, bankruptcy, workers, bridge, financing

From the Paper
"INVESTIGATIVE CUSTODY IN THE UNITED STATES, ENGLAND AND FRANCE


This research paper outlines and then compares and contrasts the differing approaches of the American, English and French legal systems to the investigative custody or pre-trial detention of ordinary criminal suspects (those who are not aliens, spies, terrorists, juveniles or mental incompetents). For historical and constitutional reasons, stricter limits are placed on the ability of the authorities to hold suspects in custody in England and the United States than is true in France. The English system relies primarily on voluntary self-restraint by the police, operating within established judicial case law and, more recently, statutory codification of the rules regarding pre-trial detention. The American system relies primarily on federal and ..."

From the Paper
"IACOCCA, CHRYSLER, AND THE AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Introduction
This research analyzes the leadership style of the former Chrysler Corporation CEO Lee Iacocca, the competitive forces that shaped the automobile manufacturing industry during Iacocca's tenure at Chrysler, and the marketing strategies followed by Chrysler under Iacocca's leadership. The findings of this research are presented in two major sections. The initial section deals with Iacocca's leadership style, while the second section covers both the competitive forces that shaped the automobile manufacturing industry during Iacocca's tenure at Chrysler, and the marketing strategies followed by Chrysler under Iacocca's leadership."

Abstract
The paper focuses on the US sub-prime mortgage market's collapse, and the subsequent devaluation in securities which were based upon these mortgages, as primary causes of the US financial crisis. The paper also discusses the bailout by the government and Bank of America's acquisition of two troubled lending giants, Countrywide Financial and Merrill Lynch. The paper then reveals how the financial crisis has opened new opportunities for unethical individuals to scam and defraud consumers who are already in a state of worry or panic as a result of the fiscal crisis. The paper examines the national and global implications of this crisis, as well as the solutions to revive the economy.

Outline:
Introduction
The Defaulting of the Sub-Prime Market
The Devaluation of Securities
The Bail Out and Its Necessary Modifications
The Bank that Robs America
Opportunities at Unethical Behavior
The Tremors after the Fiscal Quake
Global Implications of the Crisis
Resolving Recommendations
The Increased Attractiveness of Community Banks
Suggestions Towards Financial Restoration
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The financial crisis which is currently being experienced by America, placing us in a state of recession despite the label's not yet having been applied, has come about due to a variety of reasons. However, amongst these many contributing factors a few in particular are of major importance, those of the sub-prime mortgage market's collapse, alongside the subsequent devaluation in securities which were based upon these mortgages. The investment decisions behind these sub-prime mortgages and the strategies behind them have done a great deal of damage to not only the companies themselves but the people of America as well. Savings and retirement plans have been eradicated due to the volatility of the stock market, huge companies have folded which were once thought unstoppable, and the general economy as a whole has declined."

Tags:securities, devaluation, sub-prime, mortgages, banks, properties, bail-out

Abstract
This paper discusses the dynamics between state and federal policies on crimes and punishments and how it can be illustrated using the crime and corrections statistics of Texas and California. It discusses the nature of the crimes in both states and provides many insights into the differences in their policies. It particularly compares the incidence of violent crimes as well as recidivism between the states.

Table of Contents:
Community Policing
Racial Profiling
Bail Enforcement Issues
Appendices

From the Paper
"Critics of bounty hunting however raise the relevance of the practice since the Taylor Decision, central to the justification of the practice, was made shortly after the American Civil War. Furthermore, though there is legislation addressing the function and operation of bounty hunting or bails bonding, there are no methodologies to training or standards to evaluate performance. Neither are there existing or sufficient channels in criminal justice organizations to provide guidance or afford official collaboration for their activities (Langworthy & Travis, 2003). Furthermore, critics point out that the exemption from civil liabilities, legitimize violence and violation of rights as well as contradict due process. There have been a number of states that have imposed criteria for those who can pursue careers as bounty hunters but since there is mo limitation to the jurisdiction of bounty hunters, it is enough to procure license in states which have permissive regulations."

Tags:bail, bond, punishment, rehabilitation

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that throughout history the criminal justice system has differentiated between Caucasian and African-American offenders. The writer specifically focuses on the racial disparities in sentencing within the criminal justice system. The writer points out that there are many factors that lead up to the sentencing phase such as the offender's race, the amount of bail, employment, the prosecutor's decision to prosecute or dismiss a case, the victim's race, and the race of the judge. The writer concludes that the criminal justice system has made some minor improvements in preventing racial disparities in sentencing and further action needs to be taken to improve equal justice for all races.

Outline:
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"The presentencing stage may have a greater potential for racial bias. Prosecutors can have a huge influence on the outcome of a case. Prosecutor's recommendations in regards to the amount of bail may indirectly affect the outcome of a case. A high bail can make it extremely difficult for a defendant to post bail and the failure to post bail can result in the probability of a guilty verdict. Usually prosecutors will recommend a pretrial release or detention and the length of pretrial detention can have an affect on the length of sentence and the severity of the conviction charge. The courts in New Haven, Connecticut were investigated and it was reported that African American males and females had a higher bail than Caucasians. Racial disparities was also revealed in New Haven that African Americans were required to put up a cash or surety bonds before their release from detention more frequently than Caucasians. There was also a similarity in New York City were an examination of more than 5,000 felonies and misdemeanors revealed that Caucasian defendants received a cash alternative option for release more frequently than minority defendants. An investigation in Florida in regards to felonies involving non-narcotics offenses found that Caucasian females received a lower bail than Caucasian males but that nonwhite females did not receive a lower bail than nonwhite males."

Tags:discrimination, race, detention, bail

Abstract
This paper investigates progressive social change through examining community organizations and the policies of bail decisions and rational sentencing.

Abstract
Discusses demand in the airline industry. Two types of passengers: the business traveler (immediate needs) & the leisure traveler (long-range plans). Impact of the early 2001 turndown in air traffic & rising fuel costs, and effect of 9/11. Demand variables for Southwest. Performance. Financial controls & profits. Marketing. Government bail-outs.

From the Paper
"Demand; Southwest Airlines and the Airline Industry
Overview:


Demand in the airline industry is based on two types of passenger/customers: the business traveler, whose last minute arrangements require full fare and earn the most profit for the airlines; and the leisure traveler who- with family or alone- can make plans well ahead of time and therefore can arrange for the most economical prices. As long as the economy in the U.S. was rising, and business was good and discretionary income was high, the airlines were doing good business. In other words, the basic demands controlling the airline industry were the immediate needs of business travelers and long-range plans for vacationers.


But, after several years of a booming economy, when the airline..."

Abstract
Private industry, non-profit organizations and individuals each depend on the thrift industry to provide them with necessary financial resources. The thrift industry is unique in that its products provide infusions of capital to the economy. The direction that policymakers set affects not just their bank or their industry, but the economy as a whole. Because of its unusual position in the economy, this industry is subject to high levels of regulation and oversight. This research examines the United States government policy associated with the thrift industry and whether the 1989 "bail out" and policies since that time are in the public interest.

From the Paper
"Under Glass-Steagall, banks cannot underwrite corporate debt or equity securities, or purchase such securities for their own accounts. However, they may underwrite some government securities (such as some municipal bonds), purchase investment securities and serve as an agent for customers once they have received specific instructions from the customer. In addition, Federal Reserve member banks cannot be affiliated with companies whose principal activity is within the securities market. Similarly, securities firms, cannot take deposits, and employees, directors and officers of commercial banks are prohibited from being actively involved with investment banks (and vice versa) ("Financial services," 2000, p. 23)."

Tags:Glass-Steagall Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act FIRREA