Abstract
This paper argues for the use of reusable shopping bags in place of plastic shopping bags. The paper describes the environmental dangers of plastic bags, noting that the material used in the manufacture of plastic bags is notoriously polluting. Additionally, the paper points out that plastic bags are polluters of the waterways and the oceans, which has a severely detrimental effect on the environment and the ecosystems in nature. The paper then lists the many advantages of reusable bags. The paper concludes that the danger posed by plastic and other forms of non-reusable containers and bags is a threat to the environment, one that cannot be ignored.

Outline:

The Danger of Non-Reusable Bags
The Advantages of Reusable Bags
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Plastic bags are also notorious polluters of the waterways and the oceans - which has a severely detrimental effect on the environment and the ecosystems in nature. When natural environments are polluted by plastic bags the natural balance is upset, which in turn leads to negative environmental consequences. It is estimated that every hour about 200,000 plastic bags are land filled, where they "...break down into smaller, more toxic petro-polymers which eventually contaminate soils and waterways " (Knight, 2007, para. 8).
"Plastic is also responsible for the death of many animals, which further disturbs the delicate balance in nature and creates environmental damage. As one commentator notes, "There are people that use plastic bags that have no qualms about tossing them into the water, onto the street or into the trash. Some animals then ingest it or get stuck inside it and die" (The Benefits of Using Reusable Bags). The horrendous effect that non-reusable plastic bags can have on wildlife is stated in the following report.
"The effect on wildlife can be catastrophic, with birds becoming terminally entangled and, according to a World Wildlife Fund report in 2005, they affect nearly 200 different species of sea life (including whales, dolphins, seals and turtles) which die after ingesting plastic bags which they mistake for food."

Tags:shopping bags, ecosystem, textile shopping bags

Abstract
This paper looks at San Francisco's decision to ban plastic bags in grocery stores and points out that other cities may soon follow San Francisco's example. The paper then explains why banning plastic bags may not be the ideal option and discusses how stores could replace plastic bags with compostable or paper bags.

Outline:
Consider the Facts about Plastic Grocery Bags
Why Banning Plastic Bags Is Wrong
What Happens If Plastic Bags Are Not Banned
Action to Solve the Problem of Plastic Bags

From the Paper
"Imagine the number of plastic bags used throughout the United States. Charlie Goodyear (2007) for the Chronicle states that it takes over 400,000 gallons of oil to manufacture 100 million bags. San Francisco voted ten to one that plastic bags used at grocery stores be banned. While San Francisco is the first state to ban plastic bags, more cities may follow their example. Consider the facts about plastic bans, compare the facts about compostable bags and paper bags, and decide to take immediate action about these plastic bags. "

Tags:recycle, degradable, environment, landfills

Abstract
This paper discusses the market opportunities for biodegradable shopping bags in Nova Scotia. It analyses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of biodegradable bags, as well as reusable bags and plastic bags, in order to identify the key internal and external factors that need to be taken into consideration when analyzing where the biggest market opportunities lie. The paper includes the complete text of the proposed Bill 390 (which will prohibit the distribution of non-biodegradable plastic bags), as well as presentation slides for the information in the paper.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Definition
Current Market Opportunities in Nova Scotia
Biodegradable Bag Manufacturers in Nova Scotia
SWOT Analysis for Biodegradable Bags
SWOT Analysis for Reusable Bags
SWOT Analysis for Plastic Bags
Laws and International Trends that Could Initiate a Market Shift
What is the State of the Debate in Canada?
Bans and International Trends
Conclusions
Recommendations
Appendices

From the Paper
"Competition from reusable bags is another very real threat to the market for biodegradable bags since there is a risk that "with the sale of reusable bags, consumers could wean themselves off plastic bags altogether." As was mentioned in the Weaknesses section of this report, reusable bags are environmentally preferable to all disposable bag alternatives, including biodegradable bags; in addition, evidence suggests that reusable bags are actually becoming trendy while plastic bags are becoming unfashionable. A designer cloth bag proudly emblazoned with the words "I'm not a plastic bag" sold out the day it was released at Holt Renfrew stores across Canada and "those lucky enough to snag the $18 bag can now sell it on eBay for more than $150." Therefore, although biodegradable bags are different from conventional plastic bags, their similar appearance may decrease their social acceptability if these trends continue. Furthermore, "major lobby groups [such] as the Canadian Plastics Industry Association, the Canadian Council of Grocery Distributors and the Retail Council of Canada promote reduction and recycling over [biodegradable] plastic bags." "

Tags:plastic, reusable, manufacturers, shopping, SWOT

Abstract
This paper discusses the newspaper articles on San Francisco's ban on plastic bags; San Francisco voted ten to one that plastic bags used at grocery stores be banned. While San Francisco is the first state to ban plastic bags, more cities may follow their example. The paper encourages the reader to consider the facts about plastic bans, compare the facts about compostable bags and paper bags, and decide to take immediate action about these plastic bags.

From the Paper
"Imagine the number of plastic bags used throughout the United States. Charlie Goodyear (2007) for the Chronicle states that it takes over 400,000 gallons of oil to manufacture 100 million bags. San Francisco voted ten to one that plastic bags used at grocery stores be banned. While San Francisco is the first state to ban plastic bags, more cities may follow their example. Consider the facts about plastic bans, compare the facts about compostable bags and paper bags, and decide to take immediate action about these plastic bags."

Tags:plastic, paper, ban

Abstract
The goal of this paper is not to make a judgment as to whether air bags in cars are good or bad, but rather to look at the political changes that caused them to come about in the first place. In order to do this, several things are examined in order to gain a full understanding of the issue. First, policy changes had to be made in order for air bags to be placed in cars. What the policy was like before air bags and what the policy was like after air bags are very important to an understanding of how and why they came about. Second, placing air bags in cars was not the sole decision of one person or group. Many individuals had varied and strong opinions about air bags, and many politicians were aware that the amount of votes they received in upcoming elections could be affected by their stance regarding the air bag. Because of this, this paper looks at the air bag issue as it relates to Congress, the President, interest groups, scientists and the general public.

From the Paper
"Stage one is the time before air bag legislation was enacted. It is important to examine this time, because it gives an indication of why air bag legislation was so important in the political arena. While politics is not all about votes, they are obviously a large part of it. Without enough votes, a person or a bit of legislation cannot succeed. Because of this, politicians who voted in favor of air bags in cars needed to be certain that the voting public actually wanted them. It turned out that the voting public did want airbags, or some other form of additional safety in their vehicles. Where the trouble came from were the automakers themselves (Carter, 1985). Not only did it cost more money to put air bags in vehicles, but many automakers were not convinced that air bags would actually save lives. Politicians had to be very careful here, because the automakers were large and influential."

Tags:vehicle, automobile, congress

From the Paper
"Safety in the automobile is an issue that automakers face only when they have to. With rare exceptions, car manufacturers do not take the initiative in including safety equipment because they argue that doing so increases the costs of cars and decreases their market share. Automakers argued against the requirement that seat belts be standard equipment for these reasons, and argued against including air bags for the same reasons. Yet air bags have become commonplace in automobiles, and are likely to be standard equipment in most cars before the end of the century. In addition to systems which help minimize injuries in front impact collisions, air bags are being developed which can minimize injury in side impact collisions and even keep freight protected. This research examines how air bags work and how they have been ..."

Tags:TRANSPORTATION, AUTOMOTIVE

Abstract
The lysosome is very important in the process of intracellular digestion and is therefore found in every single eukaryotic cell. hey play an important part in cell function and vitality. This paper is divided into five parts: An introduction to the lysosome, background information, lysosome pathway and integration into other cellular processes and, finally, specific lysosomal functions and malfunctions the lysosome can incur.

From the Paper
"Lysosomes play major roles in endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy. The enzymes used to digest the biological polymers are acid hydrolases that are only functional at an acidic pH, rendering the lysosome's enzymes nonfunctional if released into the neutral cytoplasm. Endocytosis is the process in which a cell takes up material from outside the cell membrane. This process not only depends on lysosomes to digest the material but also forms the lysosomes. Transport vesicles fuse with endosomes containing the material taken up by endocytosis to form lysosomes. The acid hydrolases breakdown the polymers, ridding the cell of harmful intruders. Phagocytosis involves taking up large particles such as bacteria or aged cells rather than extracellular material. Phagosomes take up the large particles and then fuse with lysosomes, resulting in the digestion of the contents."

Tags:biology, golgi, vacuoles, chromosome

From the Paper
"Research Proposal: The Relative Effectiveness of the Combined Use of Air Bags and Seat Belts in Enhancing Automobile Driver and Passenger Safety
The Problem and Its Setting


The Statement of the Problem
This research proposes to evaluate the factors that may affect relative effectiveness (compared to other forms of passive restraint) of the combined use of air bags and seat belts in enhancing automobile driver and passenger safety.


The Subproblems
The first subproblem. The first subproblem is to determine the effect, if any, that the size of the automobile (subcompact, compact, and so forth) has on the relative effectiveness of the combined use of air bags and seat belts in enhancing automobile drive..."

Abstract
This research develops marketing and financial data relevant to the introduction of a personal care cleansing system for use in hospital, nursing home, home health care or emergency care environments. The data developed for this report are presented in relation to (1) product description, (2) competing or substitute products, (3) market potential and pricing strategy, (4) major cost considerations, (5) break even analysis, (6) master budget, and (7) support costs. The data developed are then summarized, conclusions are drawn, and recommendations are made.

From the Paper
"At present, Incline Technologies charges comparable prices for Bag Bath. While Incline Technologies may believe that, because Bag Bath uses a non-soap cleansing solution, their product will be perceived to be superior to Comfort Bath, which uses a soap product as a cleansing solution. Incline Technologies may or may not be correct in assuming that a non-soap is superior to a soap cleansing solution. The important factor, however, is not the validity of this belief. The important factor is how the products are perceived by customers. Based on comparative sales levels, it is obvious that users of basinless cleansing systems do not share the beliefs of Incline Technologies in relation to the superiority of a non-soap cleansing solution."

Tags:comfort, bath, Incline, Technologies

Abstract
The paper looks at something called "bean-bag wars" and discusses how motor, locomotor, eye-hand, sportsmanship, leadership and social skills can all be introduced via a learning unit that introduces children in grade seven to a game in which they run a course in the gym, partner up with classmates, and try to shoot a bean-bag into a hula-hoop.

From the Paper
"Using "Bean Bag Wars" to Develop Sportsmanship and Motor Skills ("Bean-bag wars" for Grade 7 Students) Topic for lesson #1: Handling/Throwing the bean-bag Learning Outcomes/Objectives: * Hand-eye coordination (throwing and catching a bean-bag) * Being in control of oneself at all times (not hitting others inadvertently) * Polishing of basic motor skills: throwing and receiving; students will learn how to use learned non-loco motor skills as outlined by the..."

Tags:sports, education, unit