Abstract
The decades of the 1960s and 1970s were turbulent years in North American society. The rise of the counter culture feminism and of various historically marginalized interest groups changed the dynamic of political and social debate in a way that remains with us yet. This paper explores the reasons why a conservative reaction to the liberalism of the aforementioned two decades sprang up in the 1980s and in the 1990s, especially in the United States.

Tags:conservative, backlash, 1980s

Abstract
This paper examines how the ill effects that stem from a decade of misguided trade policies have left average, hard-working Mexican and American citizens faced with a lonelier and more desperate set of economic circumstances than those which they found themselves experiencing prior to 1994. It looks at how the economic counter-productivity produced by the interdependence of the United States and Mexico trade relationship has been equally bad for both countries and how, ten years after its inception, NAFTA has failed to make good on its promises to both the United States and Mexico.

From the Paper
"For the United States, NAFTA promised to increase the trade surplus with Mexico, resulting in the creation of new jobs, 170,000 a year to be exact (Levy and Bruhn, 2001: 252). NAFTA's effects on the job market, however, have not lived up to the promises. In the 1990's, the U.S. saw the creation of new jobs at a fairly high rate behind unprecedented economic growth during the Clinton administration. But during the same period nearly two million high-wage manufacturing jobs were lost, leaving half a million U.S. workers certified as NAFTA job-loss victims."

Tags:canada, immigration, job, mexico, policy, trade

From the Paper
"Backlash
The purpose of this speech is to discuss Susan Faludi's book, Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Woman. The main themes of Faludi's book will be discussed, as will some of the reviews of the book. The main theme of this book, quite obviously, is the "backlash" against feminism. However, Faludi breaks this theme into "sub-themes:" the backlash in the news media, the backlash in the popular culture, and the backlash in the political/work arena.
According to Faludi, this backlash began in the late 1970s but achieved full power in the 1980s. It was largely unleashed by conservative political and religious movements and by media outlets. It was fueled by male resentment against feminism and by male economic fears. Faludi asserts that this backlash was not some giant conspiratorial.."

Tags:BOOK, REVIEWS, (NON-FICTION)

From the Paper
"Susan Faludi, in Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women, offers a critique of the condition of women in the country at a time when it seems to be generally accepted that feminism has triumphed. Faludi argues that, to the contrary, the society remains resistent to women's liberation and equality. The title of the book refers to forces in the American culture, some blatant and some subtle, which continue to resist and place obstacles in the way of feminist goals.

Faludi writes that the "rhetoric" of the backlash against women's rights . . . charges feminists with all the crimes it perpetrates. The backlash line blames the women's movement for the "feminization of poverty"---while the backlash's own instigators in Washington pushed through the budget cuts that helped ..."

Abstract
Through several scholarly articles and Joseph Stiglitz's seminal text, "Globalization and its Discontents," this paper offers an examination of the subject of globalization and weighs arguments, both pro and con, in order to more fully understand why resistance has arisen so quickly.

From the Paper
"When examining something as complex and far-reaching as the economic concept of globalization, it is important to examine numerical and sociological data to reinforce the generally held principles. Chief among these general principles is the notion that globalization is the chief engine behind the downward trend in world poverty and inequality. Globalization, without a doubt, has been a focus of both United States foreign and domestic policy since the beginning of the Cold War through the fall of the Soviet Union and into today's struggles against radical religious fundamentalism. There are arguments, though, that posit the involvement of the American-dominated International Monetary Fund and World Bank have in fact hurt the smaller nations whose economic situations these two organizations, the IMF in particular, have involved themselves in. Tactics like the forced restructuring of failing financial systems, lending funds with usurious interest, and the lowering of protective tariffs have all caused governments and activists alike to despise the IMF."

Tags:economics, imf, protests, loans

Abstract
This paper explains that, in the recent Muhammad cartoon controversy in Denmark, Cultural Editor Fleming Rose and the Danish newspaper "Jyllands-Posten" sacrificed what Muslims consider their freedom of religion to preserve Denmark's press freedom and the Danish people's freedom of speech. The author points out that, by examining the timeline of the controversy including the backlash to the cartoons, the views of Muslims around the world, Denmark and its values and Fleming Rose's explanation and apologies, this cartoon was not a malicious anti-Muslim act but rather one journalist's attempt to draw attention to a dangerous change in Denmark's freedoms and rights. The paper contends that the North American press coverage of the story fueled the situation by not including the back stories of both the Muslims in Denmark and the strong Danish tradition of freedom of speech.

From the Paper
"On September 30th, 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 editorial cartoons depicting Mohammed along with an editorial by Fleming Rose. Muslims in Denmark and around the world were outraged, and reacted by filing a complaint against the newspaper with Danish police on October 27th. By January 6th of the following year, the investigation was discontinued as no law had been broken. Danish Imams put together a dossier containing the 12 cartoons published by Jyllands-Posten, along with pictures from another Danish Newspaper, Weekendavisen, hate-mail consisting of pictures and letters they alleged were sent to Muslims in Denmark, and a televised interview with a prominent Dutch Member of Parliament and Islam critic, Hirsi Ali."

Tags:heritage, marginalize, freedom, backlash, apologies

Abstract
This paper relates that possibly modern monotheism arose not merely as a competitor with goddess worship, but as a reaction to the fundamental nature of goddess worship. The author points out that the shift to agriculture may have been made possible only through the civilizing influence of women who used their sexuality to manipulate men into settling down and, in so doing, provoked an unintentional backlash. The paper speculates that agriculture always arose from goddess worship, terminated in god worship and drifted slowly towards monotheism; therefore, some causality between these two must exist.

From the Paper
"If women created agricultural civilization and maintained it through a regime of restricted sexuality, then there may be some sense in the old Judeo-Christian myth that Eve's own punishment would be that "thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee..." (Genesis 3:16). Male-oriented monotheism and patriarchy might both have easily arisen in this environment as a reaction not so much to Goddess worship as to overwhelming female power, which had stripped from men the easy freedom of his hunter-gatherer ways and forced him into an uncomfortable civilization. In conclusion, this scenario, though strange and removed from what one expects of history, explains why the goddess would have moved from a place of worship to a place of denigration, despite supposedly giving such gifts to mankind, and as an explanation of why monotheism might be allowed to develop."

Tags:isis, eve, pandora, backlash, hunter

Abstract
This paper explains that the correlation between economic influence and cultural influence is manifested in the spread of American and Western culture into national economies increasingly dependent upon American and Western economic investments and consumer products. The author points out that one of the most troubling consequences of cultural globalization is its political impact in the form of increasing fragility throughout the Third World. The paper stresses that, if there is ever to be a global society, the basis of such a society is likely to be Western socio-political culture, which can lead to a backlash from non-Western cultures.

From the Paper
"Fragile, failing, and failed states such as Nigeria, Pakistan, Indonesia, Zimbabwe, and Somalia present the United Nations and other international organizations with a host of problems, including civil wars, regional instability, famine, terrorism, and overpopulation.
Disintegrating Third World states not only destabilize the regions they are in, but also destabilize the entire international community as well. They pose endless problems for Western policy makers because they are sources of international controversy and division, compel other nations to take sides in various economic, political, and religious disputes..."

Tags:islamic, tensions, resistance, backlash, instability

Abstract
This paper explains that globalization has resulted in an information age, which boasts global interconnectedness; yet, globalization has come to symbolize a threat for underdeveloped nations. The author points out that those people who believe that globalization is inevitable state that globalization, driven by the nation states, has made the world more interdependent, spreading ideas about democracy by impacting education through large-scale statewide technology implementations. The paper relates that the argument against globalization being inevitable centers on the fact that globalization has actually made many underdeveloped nations worse off by destroying jobs and making lives more insecure; this powerless, without reform, has created a backlash against nations spreading globalization.

Table of Contents
Introduction
The Inevitability of Globalization
Globalization is not Inevitable

From the Paper
"Proponents of globalization also place a great deal of importance on the Internet, which plays a major role in globalization. The Internet has come to serve as a bridge between cultures and countries. McChesney (1998) states that the Internet is open to all at relatively low prices. As a result, even some of the poorest countries have some spread access to the Internet. This can also be seen as a benefit to more advanced nations, because the hegemony of media giants and advertisers will soon end, and be replaced by a wide-open, decentralized, diverse, fast-changing, and competitive media culture lacking the requirement of government regulation. Research indicates that the Internet and digital communication are creating a dramatic change in the media and communication systems."

Tags:interconnectedness, underdeveloped, technology, democracy, backlash

Abstract
This paper is an analysis of how women compare themselves to the female images that are displayed to them today as role models. The author examines the current backlash against feminism today. The paper pays particular attention to body image and the eating disorders that plague so many women as a result of the skeletal models and actresses they perceive as perfection.

From the Paper
"Over the past twenty years women have not been content merely to denounce biases and inequities in the established media. Women have created and used countless alternative and participatory communication channels to support their struggles, defend their rights, promote reflection, diffuse their own forms of representation. This process has made women the primary subjects of struggle and change in communication systems, by developing oppositional and proactive alternatives that influence language, representations and communication technologies."

Tags:television, feminism, friedan, betty, discrimination, sexual, eating, disorder, female, anorexia, weight, pornography