Abstract
This paper describes an initiative to plant trees in an urban neighborhood so it has a less detrimental environmental impact. According to the paper, this will create greater resource efficiency, more opportunities for healthy living, and a sense of aesthetic splendor and improved lifestyle. The neighborhood consists of approximately 200 acres with wide streets, houses set back from the street and fronted by large garages, very low residential density, significant paving of the landscape, and no other land uses within a ten minute walk.

From the Paper
" The task is to retrofit a suburban neighborhood so that it has less detrimental environmental impact, greater resource efficiency, more opportunities for healthy living, and a sense of aesthetic splendor and improved lifestyle. The neighborhood consists of approximately 200 acres with wide streets, houses set back from the street and fronted by large garages, very low residential density, significant paving of the landscape, and no other land uses within a ten minute walk. Such a neighborhood would be considered relatively isolated but might also have a detrimental effect on the local environment because of the paving that..."

Tags:tree, planting, strategy

Abstract
The paper argues that execution is not state sponsored murder; state sponsored murder is when a convicted killer is put back on the street to kill another innocent citizen. The paper further argues that the disproportionate number of minorities being executed is only because a disproportionate number of minorities are committing crimes. The paper discusses the contention that many defendants are found innocent and asserts that there is a big difference between being innocent of a crime and being found not guilty due to manipulation of the system and a lack of prosecution. The paper then reveals that the number of executions in Texas is declining and contends that this is a sign the system is working.

From the Paper
"The idea that execution is not a deterrent to crime may be true. Killers may not stop to consider their chances of being executed before they commit their crime. So what? The idea of execution as a deterrent is still viable. The executed killer will certainly never commit murder again, and that is a fact. Time and again convicted murderers are freed, having served their sentence and go out and kill again. Anti-death penalty proponents have argued that execution is state sponsored murder. State sponsored murder is when a convicted killer is put back on the street to attack some other citizen when the state knows he has killed before."

Tags:convictions, sentences, murderers, capital, punishment

Abstract
This paper explains that Victor Hugo's "Les Miserables", a novel directed at exposing the social injustices of 19th century France, uses settings, such as the streets of Paris and a poor factory, to show how the lower-class citizens have no opportunity to escape their surroundings. The author points out that the contrast of the poor characters with the rich citizens portrays the never-ending cycle of injustice in this society from both sides. The paper relates that Valjean is the most important character who portrays the different aspects of social justice because he is the only character who breaks free of his social bonds, yet time and time again, he is brought back down.

From the Paper
"Valjean is the most important character to portraying the different aspects of social justice in this story. He is the only character who breaks free of his social bonds, yet time and time again is brought back down. He also shows two other important things. Social justice only comes to those who are willing to make the sacrifices and take the risks to obtain it. Also, as the only character to break through society, in comparison to the number of characters in the story, he shows the immense social injustice because he is the only one who can escape society's limits. The entire book is loaded with characters that are poor and cannot escape the situations they were born into. Almost every character he meets has some limitation on what they can be by society. He encounters a drying Fantine, the rebels stifled by the government, the Thenardiers who only perpetuate the injustice in their own micro chasm. All are inhibited by the social injustice of the time, and Valjean is used to show that although social injustice ruled back then, it was not impossible to overcome. He also meant that as a lesson to readers. If a reader was experiencing social injustice that it could be overcome, despite what society does to try and hold someone down."

Tags:paris, streets, antagonists, class, valjean

Abstract
This paper examines how the existence of gangs in the United States can be traced back to the early 1800s and how it was the years following the Civil War, and the subsequent World Wars that gave rise to the number gangs. It looks at how, over the decades, gangs have become not only a major concern for the United States, but for other countries as well. It discusses how gangs are not confined to neighborhood streets, but can be found behind prison walls and how technology has allowed gangs to communicate worldwide. It also shows how today, all three elements, street gangs, prison gangs and global gangs are interconnected.

From the Paper
"The existence of gangs can be traced back to ancient civilizations, however the first identified gang in the United States, was formed in 1820 in the Five Points District of New York City (Allender 2001). The end of the Civil War saw large-scale criminal activity on the part of a few veterans who had trouble returning to a peaceful society (Allender 2001). Following World War II, veterans returning home formed motorcycle clubs, and while most were social groups, a few, such as the Hell's Angels, began to engage in criminal activities (Allender 2001). Ethnic groups, including Asians, Italians, Jews, Jamaicans, and many others, formed gangs due to the prejudice and discrimination that they had to deal with and which alienated them from mainstream society (Allender 2001)."

Tags:street, prison, violence, crime

Abstract
The paper relates that U.S. deportation policies aggressively send undocumented gang members back to their home countries in Central America. The paper then discusses how these gang members export U.S. gang culture to countries whose internal security forces are ill-equipped to deal with the new threat, and therefore Latin American gangs have grown exponentially. The paper considers the causes of gang violence and comes to the conclusion that governments of Latin America should improve the living conditions of the poorer members of their communities.

From the Paper
"It is a general consensus that gangs were born out of the need to have a more secure environment - albeit criminal in nature - as a result of most of the young members have no decent home, family or parents to belong to. It is thus a known fact that "gangs traditionally provide members with social acceptance and an escape from the country's extensive poverty (Editors of Honduras This Week Online, 2009)." From the onset of the gangs in the 1960s to the increasing violence it undertook in the 1980s, these gangs evolved into a transnational criminal organization due in part to the unpopular policy of the United States in the 1990s."

Tags:illegal, immigrants, crime, deportation, MS-13, 18th, Street, Gang, mano, dura

Abstract
The following paper is a proposal for a city-wide 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, run by former criminal offenders, that will endeavor to steer young people away from crime, drug use, and - not least of all - violence. In working towards this important goal, the organization will join hands with the local university in an ambitious research program that will propose new methods for dealing with various types of crime while, at the same time, quantifying the impact and effectiveness of those methods using the latest evaluative tools. As well, the program I have in mind will train individuals both young and old how to live their lives constructively and in a manner consistent with the highest in civic values. In the final analysis, the program is a comprehensive outreach program that will work with young people on the street, in the community's schools, and will utilize peer mentoring, job counseling, remedial education, and (where needed) cognitive behavioral therapy to take back our streets from local gangs and others who seek to drag young people down the wrong path.

From the Paper
A Proposal for Creating a City-Wide 501(c)(3) Non-Profit Organization That Will Prevent, Deter and Decrease Crime, Drugs and Violence in an Urban Community The following paper is a proposal for a city-wide 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, run by former criminal offenders, that will endeavor to steer young people away from crime, drug use, and - not least of all - violence. In working towards this important goal, the organization will join hands with the local university in an ambitious research program that will propose new methods for dealing with various types of crime while, at the same time, quantifying the impact and effectiveness of those methods

Tags:crime, drugs, community

Abstract
The paper documents the student uprisings in 1968, which occurred when student anarchists decided to use Nanterre University facilities to print and distribute political materials. The students in the group were suspended and a demonstration followed. When police became involved in the protest, the students at the University fought back with student campus wide support. In the days that followed the initial protests, students took their rebellion into the streets of Paris where rioting, hundreds of arrests and police action inflamed the situation.

Tags:social, movements, questions

Abstract
This paper examines how New Orleans is known as a melting pot of culture and music and how it has played a major role in the early development of jazz. It looks at how it was full of opportunity and rich with the fine arts of music and dance, while offering a breeding ground for innovation. The paper explores how, in the back alley city streets, clubs and saloons, basements of homes and African-American dance halls, jazz was born. It focuses on the importance of New Orleans, which was home to Joe "King" Oliver and his leading student, Louis Armstrong.

From the Paper
"Congo Square, a modest corner of the French Quarter, is considered by many scholars to be the birthplace of jazz. It was in the Nineteenth Century in Congo Square in New Orleans that observers heard the beat of the bamboulas, the wail of the banzas and saw the multitude of African dances that had survived through the years. During these antebellum times, slaves would meet here on Sundays and play traditional African songs while women slowly swayed to the rhythms. Congo Square was a weekly refuge from the drudgeries of slave life. It was a place where music created a special freedom that didn't exist elsewhere. This square was used as a gathering place for the residents of New Orleans almost since the city began and located across Rampart Street on the backside of the French Quarter."

Tags:congo, square, french, quarter, jelly, roll, morton, louis, armstrong

Abstract
This paper explains that, through his effective use of story structure, characterization, cinematography, and theme, Boyle creates the fictional post-apocalyptic world of "28 Days Later", which is characterized by brutality brought on by man's unthinking arrogance, playing out some of society's worst fears about warfare and terrorism. The author points out that the fear of "playing God" and the repercussions, which appear in the film, have been seen in literature and movies that trace back to Mary Shelly's "Frankenstein" and to similar movies, such as "12 Monkeys". The paper relates that the juxtaposition of the post-apocalyptic emptiness of London, with many viewer's recollections or projections of the familiarly busy bustle of London streets, provides one of the most shocking visual reminders of the impact of terrorism and catastrophic warfare.

From the Paper
"In recent years, the world has been rocked by the growth of fears over a diverse set of growing threats to global political and economic stability and world health. The tragedy of September 11th brought the world into a new era of fear over terrorist acts. Since then, public uneasiness has only been heightened by the train bombings in Madrid, the Bali bombings, and continued governmental appeals for constant vigilance against terrorism. The fear of bioterrorism has also grown in recent years, with the release of sarin nerve gas on a Tokyo subway, and the presence of anthrax in the US mail. Adding to this climate of fear was President Bush's assertion that Iraq possessed of weapons of mass destruction (including biological weapons), an assertion that provided a justification for the Bush administration's entry into Iraq. Today, societal fears of catastrophic warfare that took root during the Cold War era continue to escalate, as tensions in the Middle East deepen."

Tags:plot, cinematography, characters, documentary, video

Abstract
The vast majority of Latino men entering the U.S.- legally or illegally- come for economic reasons. They come, perhaps somewhat naively, expecting the streets to be paved with gold, or, at the very least, opportunities galore for making money and either sending it back ?home? or enough to bring their families Northward. This paper examines the problems Latino men face when arriving in America including racial prejudice, rejection by more established Latino communities who view their arrival as a threat to their livelihood and the threat of American authorities. The paper also examines the affect of this migration on the American economy, including the economy's dependency on these largely unskilled workers.

From the Paper
"The idea of assimilation does not come easy, and it does not present the priority for Latino men who escape the poverty of their native lands to arrive in the U.S. Except in Southern California, and in the Haitian, Dominican, and Cuban enclaves in Miami, newcomers, illegal or otherwise, are not as readily accepted by the community because of two basic reasons: the general assumption by the community- even Latinos who have emigrated earlier, is that, because most of these male newcomers are illegals, they call attention to the many other illegals who have lived in the U.S. for many years.; and second, they are new competitors for low paying jobs, and, again because some are, and many others are assumed to be illegals, these men are willing to accept far less than the official minimum wage."

Tags:moreno, California, Sandinistas, Watts, riots