Abstract
This paper covers the major pathways by which foreign antigens are identified and dealt with through the adaptive immune response which is paramount on B-cell and T-cell responses and interaction with one another in distinct pathways and steps. It includes several diagrams and their explanations of antigens, B-Cells, T-Cells, APC's and more and their interactions and processes they go through.

From the Paper
"All immune responses involving T-cell B-cell collaborations follow distinct pathways of interactions and development. These very pathways of the adaptive immune response are almost entirely dependant on the cellular interaction of B- cells and T- cells with one another. It is within each stage of these pathways and the progression of an adaptive immune response that we will concern ourselves. The following is a condensed synopsis of the adaptive immune response and the cellular interactions that will be the emphasis of this paper. Within secondary lymph tissues foreign antigen is presented to naive B-cells via their surface immunoglobulins (Igs) receptors. The same antigen is also presented to naive T-cells at this time. This presentation and subsequent recognition of antigen by both types of cells results in and end product of proliferation and development of naive B-cells into plasma cells whose function is the production of soluble immunoglobulins (antibodies), and the differentiation and development of memory B-cells whose function is to respond to subsequent exposure to the same antigen. However, this pathway is not self-sufficient and requires the direct interaction of activated T-cells, specifically "helper" T-cells (Th2 cells) 1,9. It is these T-cells in conjunction with the antigen presenting B-cells that interact to produce a hormonal response to infection. These interactions activate Th2 cells that in turn promote B-cell activation both through T-cell secreted cytokines, (interlukeinI1-2, 4 and 5), and also through direct cell to cell contacts involving specific surface proteins and corresponding receptors and the signaling initiated by the binding of these proteins to one another."

Tags:B-Cell, T-Cell, immune, system, responses, pathways, antibody, pathogens, vertebrate

Abstract
This paper provides a biography of Matthew B. Brady, describing his photography of the Civil War, and also provides a description, formal analysis, and interpretation of two of his photos.

From the Paper
"When Matthew B. Brady arrived in New York, he started out as a department store clerk. Shortly thereafter, however, he developed his own business manufacturing jewelry cases, studying photography in his spare time under a number of teachers, one of them was Samuel B. Morse who had recently introduced photography in America. Brady had his own photography studio in New York by and was soon considered one of the nation's greatest..."

Tags:Matthew B. Brady, Mathew B. Brady, photographer, Civil War, Robert E. Lee

Abstract
This paper gives a short history of Susan B. Anthony and her contributions to women's rights and women's suffrage. The paper includes a biographical sketch of Anthony and her growing concern with injustices in American society.

From the Paper
"Susan Brownell Anthony was a true American political pioneer and iconoclast. Anthony dedicated her life to achieving universal suffrage or the right to vote for women in the United States. In doing so she upended the norms of the day and shed light on one of the great injustices committed by our nation. While she died before achieving her goal, her efforts were instrumental in raising the public consciousness and elevating women from their status in the ... s as second class citizens This paper will provide a biographical sketch..."

Tags:susan b anthony, history, suffrage, women's rights

Abstract
This paper describes and discusses the life of B. F. Skinner. His contributions to the field of psychology are also discussed.

From the Paper
""The consequences of an act affect the probability of its occurring again." (B. F. Skinner) As noted by Geir, if Freud was the Father of Psychology, then B. F. Skinner can be termed the Father of Modern Psychology. Skinner was a psychologist, a philosopher, a social engineer, Richelle and one of the most famous influential and controversial figures in contemporary American psychology. The purpose of this paper is to delineate and discuss his life and his contributions to the field..."

Tags:B., F., SKINNER

Abstract
This paper discusses the influence of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois on the American civil rights movement. The author argues that their outlooks are still alive today in debates concerning issues such as racial and class injustice and the role of leadership in the African- American community. The paper gives a brief biography of each man and his respective philosophical outlook. The author highlights where Washington and Du Bois' philosophies diverged, and their ultimate impact on racial equality in America.

From the Paper
"The dispute between Washington and Du Bois polarized the leaders into two distinct sides, Washington's conservative supporters and Du Bois' radical philosophy (Two). Du Bois' strategy of agitation and protest led directly into the Civil Rights movement of the 1950's and 1960's. Washington's philosophy is often associated with conservative African Americans such as Justice Clarence Thomas and the Nation of Islam (Two). "

Tags:Booker, T., Washington, W.E.B., Du, Bois, slavery, civil, rights, African, Americans

Abstract
This paper presents a history of B.F. Skinner's theory of behaviorism. The paper then contrasts Skinner's theory with Freud's theory and combines it with the interpersonal model to explain adolescent development.

From the Paper
"The following research paper presents B.F. Skinner and the history of his behavior theory. Skinner's theory is contrasted with Freud's theory and combined with the interpersonal model to explain the development of adolescents and personality Skinner's theory is then applied to the mental health nursing field. Findings are applied to a black male child."

Tags:B.F., Skinner, and, Behaviorism

Abstract
This paper is a biography on W.E.B. Du Bois. It deals with the Du Bois' importance and significance to American History. In this article, the writer focuses on Du Bois' public life. The writer also discusses Du Bois' idealogy and his ideas regarding civil rights.

From the Paper
"According to David Levering Lewis in his book 'W.E.B. Du Bois The Fight for Equality and the American Century', William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was born in Massachusetts. Du Bois was graduated from Fisk University and Harvard University and studied two years at the University of Berlin. He was the first black American to receive the degree of doctor of philosophy from Harvard. Du Bois founded the Niagara Movement, a group of African-American leaders committed to an.. "

Tags:Biography, W.E.B Du Bois, racial activist, Crisis, Niagara Movement, founder NAACP, socialist, segregation, Booker T. Washington, Pan African movement, exile

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts two news programs on B.B.C. (British Broadcasting Corporation) radio: "PM" on Radio 4 and "Newsbeat" on Radio 1. The writer studies the concept of multichannel broadcasting. The writer also discusses how the B.B.C. news is packaged to suit various listeners.

From the Paper
"The British Broadcasting Corporation (B.B.C.) is the United Kingdom's multi-channel broadcaster airing programs over television, radio and the Internet. As a publicly-funded broadcaster, the B.B.C. is what the United Kingdom listens to B.B.C. Radio has five major national stations, each with its own broadcast style. .."

Tags:BBC, PM, Newsbeat

Abstract
This paper explains that, in 1924, J. Edgar Hoover took over the directorship of the previously corrupted F.B.I. and transformed the bureau from a small, corrupt, ineffective office to one of the world's most feared and powerful law enforcement agencies. The author points out that, if most Americans in the placid 1950s saw Hoover and the FBI as icons of efficiency and incorruptibility, the turbulent sixties nearly proved its undoing, beginning when possible F.B.I. failures surfaced in the wake of President John Kennedy's assassination and Hoover's responses to Martin Luther King Jr.'s criticism of the F.B.I.'s handling of civil rights matters. The paper states that, in Hoover's wake, directors are now limited to one ten-year term on the job, and the agency apparently has shied away from the political abuses of the past.

From the Paper
"During the next six years, Hoover systematically continued to hone and refine the BI, conducting a variety of solid if publicity-challenged investigations. The killing of an agent by a suspected car thief in 1929 brought headlines but little real change. The unarmed agent was gunned down when he approached the gun-wielding suspect, but agents would remain unarmed and without the authority to make an arrest - they were investigators, not officers - for several more years.
Hoover's special status was greatly enhanced when he first gained direct access to the president during the administration of his namesake, Herbert Hoover, no relation, between 1929 and 1933."

Tags:corruption, powerful, failures, assassination, abuses

Abstract
In this marketing summary of the B-Mobile German expansion project, the company B-Mobile explored the option to expand into the overseas cellular phone market. The writer assesses the German market and its characteristics. It focuses on the key strengths and opportunities for this project along with the key weaknesses and threats. It includes two charts. One summarizes the pertinent demographic information for the German population and the other shows the statistics of Germany's economic indicators for 2001. After giving recommendations for the future, the writer concludes by suggesting that B-Mobile should seek to enter this market place but concentrate its first efforts on the untapped market of rental cell phones before entering the common market in a few years.

From the Paper
"B-Mobile began manufacturing cellular phones in 1994, operating primarily in the United States. They have experienced better growth rates and outperformed their competition in many areas. The cellular phone market in the United States has experienced exponential growth in the past ten years. However this has led to the formation of many small companies and there are very few new areas for expansion. All of the major metropolitan areas have reached market saturation and the business is expected to remain steady, but the growth rate previously experienced is not sustainable and the prospects for new clients dwindle. In order to continue its previous growth rates B-Mobile is exploring the prospects of expanding into other countries".

Tags:company, cellular, phone, market, strength, opportunities, growth, statistics, economic, indicators