Abstract
This paper explains that society is forced to ask itself: What makes society different from the murderer, if it is so easily prepared to sentence someone to lethal injection or the chair? The author points out that both proponents for and activists against capital punishment in the form of the death penalty use the 'sanctity of life' as part of their argument. The paper concludes that, ethically, capital punishment is wrong because society is placing a huge amount of moral power within individuals' hands by implementing death sentences and executions; therefore, society must find other deterrents to serious crimes and acts of treason that do not involve capital punishment.

From the Paper
"Capital Punishment has been in effect since the 1970s, despite cases and controversy that it goes against a person's 8th Amendment rights. Nevertheless, there has been changes in Capital Punishment laws and "in 2002 the Court barred the execution of mentally retarded offenders, overturning its 1989 ruling on the matter. In the same year the Court ruled that the death penalty must be imposed through a finding of a jury and not a judge" (Columbia, 2003). In 2002, lethal injection accounted for 71 executions (CP Statistics, 2003) while 1 was carried out by electrocution. Statistics in Capital Punishment have shown though that the numbers for 2002 have decreased for a second year in a row, and all inmates on Death Row had committed murder."

Tags:murderer, ethics, proponents, activists, executions

Abstract
This paper explains that recently the insistent merging of the limits between work and life have begun to cause employees so much stress that companies' profits are beginning to be impacted negatively. Next, the author reviews the common problems of productivity and performance, absenteeism, recruitment and retention that can arise with the absence of work-life balance programs within companies. The paper evaluates which work-life balance strategies of telecommuting, flexible and reduced working hours, leave benefits, child care support, employee assistance program, subsidized cafeteria and fitness centers and increased manager support, are recommended for AAG to improve employee job satisfaction. Tables are included in the paper.

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Introduction
Purpose and Significance
Scope and Limitations
Sources and Methodology
Problem Identification
Productivity and Performance
Absenteeism
Recruitment and Retention
Strategies
Telecommuting
Flexible and Reduced Working Hours
Leave Benefits
Child Care Support
Employee Assistance Program
Subsidized Cafeteria and Fitness Center
Increased Manager Support
Conclusions
Recommendations

From the Paper
"At AAG employees are often overworked and lack flexibility in their schedules. As a result, they become stressed and find that their work and life are out of balance, leading to decreased productivity and increased employee turnover. As a result, employees may attempt to find a more suitable job, especially when other small to medium business owners offer flexibility practices. In a 2004 study by the Canadian Federation of Independent Business, they found that 94% of all small to medium businesses promote some kind of flexibility practices. Seventy-nine percent of these businesses promote flexibility in scheduling vacations, while 74% promoted time off for personal issues."

Tags:integration, interference issues, counseling, flexible work hours, maternity leaves

Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses that sociological theory is of great value in understanding how religious colleges are eventually transformed into fully accredited secular schools. The writer explains that sociology is the study of social behavior. The writer also notes that it examines the behaviors of individuals and organizations and their evolution through their interactions within and outside of their social systems. Further, the writer maintains that the rational choice axiom might offer some insight in the case of the transformation of a college associated with a religious denomination into an accredited secular university; however, other theories might offer additional insight as well.

Tags:university, religious, transformation

Abstract
This paper discusses how first generation immigrants view the world that they are entering as one of promise and hope. By the time that this group of individuals has become socialized however their offspring has inherited the first generation ideals, but their view of the world often lacks the strength of the cultural values that their parents originated with. The paper further discusses how by the third generation the socialization of the family often leaves a tremendous gap between the values of the original immigrants and their grandchildren. The paper then goes on to consider why the two groups often cannot relate to one another and much of the cultural identity is lost. Weber considered this process between the immigrant generations through the concept of value axiom in which social controls ultimately changed the ideologies held by individuals of the same background over periods of time.

Tags:generations, immigrants, theory

Abstract
This paper analyzes a case of extremely poor communication, which is a very common problem in workplaces. The author points out that effective communication happens when people try to understand what is being said from the point of view of the receiver of the messages. The paper discusses concepts such as axiom 8 and the inference ladder.

From the Paper
"The problem in the dialogue is seen in the very definition of communication. "Effective communication happens when we try to understand what we're doing...from the point of view of the receiver of our messages" (Kit 3). There is no problem in the exchange between Bob and Phil at the end because they share the same point of view. This paper will define and apply the concepts of inference ladder, ego-states, axiom number 8, face and self-esteem to the dialogue. The dialogue between Tom and Bob will be compared to the ideal model of effective talk, the Humanistic model of Communication."

Tags:effective, communication, learning

Abstract
This paper explains that obvious similarities conclude that human language may be reducible to mathematical formulation. The author points out that that mathematics consists of sets of axioms in which statements can be either true or not. The paper relates, while this does not necessarily seem very much like language, Godel's Incompleteness Theorem relates that meaning can exist outside of axiomatic sets, providing a new basis for similarity.

From the Paper
"It should not be surprising that mathematicians and linguists have drawn parallels between these two disciplines. There are obvious similarities that have made many believe that human language may be reducible to mathematical formulation. Some have even attempted to use the assumption to teach machines how to speak, constructing complex utterances based on a limited number of syntactical rules. However, these efforts and others to fully connect mathematics and language have proved largely unsuccessful. The following paper will briefly examine some of the similarities between language and mathematics. By its nature, language has a combinational structure, known as syntax or grammar, that permits the communication of complex ideas (Devlin "Born")."

Tags:mathematics, language, similarities

Abstract
This paper explains that the description of Jesus as the merciful messiah is especially prevalent in the Gospel of Luke, as he emphasizes the power of forgiveness; whereas, Matthew, whose account is deeply rooted in the Old Testament, highlights the wisdom and justice of Jesus's teachings. The author points out that the question of the sources for the Gospels of Luke and Matthew has been debated often, with most scholars leaning towards the two-source hypothesis. A manuscript of Jesus's axioms and sayings, often referred to as the "Q" source, which would have served as a source for both Luke and Matthew or an earlier version of Mark's gospel. The paper relates that the story of the death of Jesus illustrates Jesus's failure to see that the connection between Jesus's and humanity's relationship with God leads to his persecution and subsequent death; however, in his death, mankind finds salvation and the opportunity to once again discover and enter into a covenant with God.

From the Paper
"Jesus as the suffering servant is an overarching theme that is especially characteristic of Matthew's account of the death of Jesus but also found within Luke's gospel. When the Roman soldiers deride Jesus as the "King of the Jews" and give him a mock robe, crown, and in Matthew's gospel a scepter, Jesus suffers just as the real King of the Jews in Psalm 22. The continued mockery by the crowd also fulfills Psalm 22 as it reflects the two charges against Jesus: the threat to destroy the temple and the claim to be the Son of God or Messiah. Even Jesus' last words continue to illustrate the theme of a righteous sufferer, as they are a direct quotation of Psalm 22:1. Furthermore, the rejection of Jesus, who is essentially God's prophet, is done by the entire leadership of Israel, a clear allusion to the prophets of the Old Testament who were similarly persecuted by their own people. Jesus' response to the charges by the Sanhedrin is also remarkably similar to Jeremiah's testimony when he was on trial."l

Tags:veil, dreams, two-source, old, forgiveness

Abstract
Among the primary reasons listed are motivations to improve company profits, take advantage of economies of scale, increase the company's market share, and reduce manufacturing costs. The paper concludes with a summary of basic business axioms for companies considering overseas expansion.

Abstract
This essay will explore some of the dynamics of Smullyan's dialogue and compare them to Godel's Incompleteness Theorem, which was a break through mathematical theorem that showed that axioms of a rational system cannot be proved within the system.

Abstract
This paper examines the concept of abstract authentication in federated database systems and the difficulties presented because the autonomously operated components may not know the identity of federation users. It looks at how one proposed solution is subject switching, where the federation translates the federated users identity to that of an agreed upon component subject and how this translation may be problematic due to not having component subjects with the same accesses requested by federation users. It proposes using proximity measures between requested and provided access and presents two policy neutral algorithms to find proximity minimizing matches between a federation subject and a collection of component subjects. It also explores the concepts relating to federated databases, authorization and access, and proposes some algorithms that will facilitate the subject switching method of reconciling access requirements.

Outline
Section 1
Abstract
Background
Introduction
Characteristics of Federated Databases
Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Databases
Agents
Agents and Meaning
Perspective
Types of Meaning
Semantics Versus Pragmatics
Context
Coverage of Communicative Acts
Mental Versus Social Agency
Section 2
Federated Database Systems and Autonomy
Design Autonomy
Communication Autonomy
Execution Autonomy
Association Autonomy
Authorization Autonomy
Distribution Transparency (i.e., Schema Integration)
Tightly Coupled
Limited Tight Coupling
Loosely Coupled
Federated Database Security
Authorization
Standards for Authentication
Decentralized vs. Centralized Authorization
Access Controls
User Based Access Control (UBAC)
Policy Based Access Control
Content Dependent Access Control (CDAC)
Context Based Access Control (CBAC)
View Based Access Control (VBAC)
Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
Mandatory Access Control (MAC)
Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
Section 3
Subject Switching
Subject Mapping Algorithms
Mapping Process
Federation Mapping Process
Federation Identity
Component Mapping Process
Minimum Disparity Measure
Mapping Algorithm
Create Object Sets
Identify Component Subjects
Evaluate Matching Subjects
Access Disparity Measures
Numerical Disparity Measure
Comparing Disparity Measures to Approximate Measures
Approximate Disparity Measure Comparison
Motivating Example
Access Compatibility Measures and Algorithms
Compatibility of Permissions and their Disparity Measures
Cardinality
Express Specification
Section 4
Metrics
Algorithm 1 (Least Under Permitting Algorithm)
Algorithm 2 (Least Over Permitting Algorithm)
Approximations: Metrics And Mappings
Approximate Mapping Algorithms
Algorithm 3 (Approximate Under Permitting Algorithm)
Algorithm 4 (Approximate Over Permitting Algorithm)
Properties of Algorithms 3 and Algorithm 4
Multilevel Federations
Non-Protected Database
Axioms
Deductive Channels Control Theorems
Signalling Channels Control Theorems
Cover Story
Multi-view Databases
Languages
Section 5
Conclusions and Ongoing Work
References

From the Paper
"Heimbingner and McLeod coined the phrase Federated Database System in 1985, and Seth and Larson later confirmed the formal definition. While the term has been loosely used to refer to several different but related database systems, they more precisely and unanimously define it as a collection of cooperating but autonomous component database systems. [SL90] (According to Oszu 1999, semi-autonomous systems are termed federative DBMS). A federated database system represents a compromise between no integration, wherein users must explicitly interface with multiple autonomous databases, and total integration, where the autonomy of each distinct database is sacrificed in order to allow users access through a single global interface."

Tags:abstract, authentication, authorization, autonomy