Abstract This paper examines why the British came to refer to the Second World War as the "People's War". It looks at how, for the very first time during a war, civilians were involved on a scale hitherto unknown. It shows how the relentless bombing of British cities by the Luftwaffe ensured that thousands of people experienced the devastating effects of war at firsthand, as entire families lost all their worldly goods, parents lost their children to German bombs and many children were orphaned. It illustrates how men and women from every generation, as well as children took an active role in helping the war effort in active roles such as volunteer services, the Home Guard and the special female sections of the services that were set up, such as the ATS (Auxiliary Territorial Service), the "WRENs" (Women's Royal Naval Service) and the "WAAF" (Women's Auxiliary Air force).
From the Paper "Some actions towards the war effort were of course imposed on people by the government. Rationing is one example of this, as is the commissioning of pots and pans and iron railings to go towards the building of fighter planes. Also compulsory was the evacuation programme of city children to quieter and more rural areas, deemed safer than the industrial areas of their homes. Families in the countryside suddenly found themselves invaded by a small army of dirty, rude, bedwetting children, who were intensely homesick being away from home for the first time at such a young age, and entirely ignorant of country life. Many of them had never even seen grass before."
Abstract This paper looks at all the auxiliary players in the Watergate Crisis, showing that President Nixon did not act alone but had the involvement of many other officials. The writer examines how this effected credibility of the many organizations and authorities connected to the White House.
From the Paper "The Watergate scandal began with some confidential papers, bungling burglars, a preeminent hotel complex in Washington, D.C., and a trail of fraud leading directly to the Committee to Re-Elect President Richard M. Nixon. The scandal didn?t stop at inept White House staffers, but went all the way to the Oval Office and the president himself. Watergate was the ultimate political crisis brought about by one man's ruthlessness and paranoia. In the end, Richard M. Nixon's own worst enemy was himself."
The following paper discusses the Universal Decimal Classification system which is based on Decimal Classification which was designed for the arrangement and indexing of books on shelves, cards in catalogues and clippings.
Abstract The following paper examines the way in which the Universal Decimal Classification introduces the idea of auxiliary connections and discusses the way in which this system works by dividing the whole field of knowledge into 10 main classes. The writer discusses the success of the Universal Decimal Classification which is based on it's use of decimal notation.
From the Paper "The Universal Decimal Classification has a feature called the synthetic principle. This works by allocating a consistent notation to recurrent series of concepts that are arranged in consistent orders. For example in class 4 which is to do with philology the order of sub-classes and the notation representing them is the same for each language. For example 425 for English grammar, 435 for German grammar, etc.). The geographical location of countries is also consistent. For example British history could be 942, so German history would be 943; and 328.42 is British legislation, with German legislation being 328.43.
The synthetic principle allows for over 200 different languages to share the same in depth coverage that English usually exclusively enjoys. This principle also allows for great increases in the range of subdivision with no printing costs."
Abstract This paper examines the SALT Treaty process of 1972 through a case study structure, and analyzes the contending approaches; fundamental, marginal, and auxiliary arguments; and the results of SALT. The author concludes that SALT was beneficial in the long-term, for despite its flaws, it began a process of arms negotiations that culminated in significant arms reductions.
Abstract This paper addresses the importance of the American woman's role in World War II. The image of the "little woman" took a direct hit in World War II. Whether braving the bombs and rationing on the home front, or serving as nurses, pilots, Congresswomen, auxiliary personnel or myriad other positions, women were vital to the war effort in ways they had never been before. The fight for equal wages, and equal rights with men, which is still going on today, began in many ways during the Second World War.
Abstract This essay evaluates the definitions and problems of the major word classes; nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs and also touches on the minor classes; pronouns, determiners, auxiliaries and conjunctions. It discusses the reasonings and logic behind these parts of speech.
From the Paper "English does have parts of speech for a start. The need for differentiating a similar word in different context for a clearer understanding led to classifying words into word classes, otherwise known as parts of speech. Crystal (1999) defines word class as groups of words that behave in a similar manner syntactically and morphologically. The word order of a sentence in modern English is quite fixed and therefore it is important to know the classification of words before they can be arranged in a sentence. For example, I girl am a would be grammatically anomalous. Changes in the word tenses or aspect can be predicted morphologically if word classification were to be done. In order to be grammatical, he was ill is definitely preferred over he illed or any other variations. In addition, the presence of word class tells us that in a context like he made a killing from killing birds, where killing is used in two different ways differentiated by categorizing the first killing as a noun and the second one as a verb. Clearly, there are more word classes than the two mentioned above in order to facilitate the differentiating words in a sentence. Traditionally, there are eight parts of speech: verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections (Burridge & Mulder, 1998:148) although the list gets longer periodically. This essay would discuss some problems in defining major word classes like nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs which are of an open class where new lexemes are constantly added, and the minor classes such as pronouns, prepositions, determiners, auxiliaries and conjunctions that are known to be closed classes; new lexemes are rare. However, concepts that are discussed are by no means exhaustive."
Abstract This paper begins with Plato's biography. It examines how the privileges of class and education may have affected his views regarding the various social roles he assigned. It also studies his relationship with the great philosopher, Socrates, to whom Plato owes a great intellectual debt. The paper then focuses on "The Republic" itself. This section is divided into four parts. First, there is a discussion of the Socratic style that Plato used to write the "Republic". Second is a discussion of the Plato's concept of the tripartite soul. Based on this, the paper then details the various roles Plato prescribed for various souls, guardians, auxiliary/military staff, and the producers. The last part of this section is a discussion of Plato's concepts of political justice and happiness and his view of the human condition. Next, the paper analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of Plato's formulation and explores how Plato's thought continues to have political relevance today.
From the Paper "For Plato, ensuring that the guardians rule wisely and the other classes do their tasks will facilitate the smooth function of the social organism. When all aspects of society function as one, there will be harmony. This harmony begets the reign of political justice, resulting in a state that is free from war or civil disorder. Only in such a society can human happiness be possible, as the alternative is chaos."
Abstract This paper asks and attempts to answer the question, "how does a blind person begin a career in music?". It addresses this question by reviewing and explaining music Braille as opposed to literary Braille and its auxiliary technologies, by citing several resources available that offer Braille music or offer information and referral services for visually impaired students who wish to study music, and by explaining some of the technology available to assist blind students in their music studies.
From the Paper "The first names that come to mind when one thinks of successful blind musical luminaries, are likely to be: Ray Charles, Ronnie Milsap, Teddy Pendergrass, Jose Feliciano, and of course, Stevie Wonder, among others. And in the jazz and blues genre, there are a number of blind artists, such as George Shearing, Roland Kirk, and Rev. Gary Davis, to name a few. And, meantime, for the blind person who is not already competent at the task of performing or writing music, and who respects those famous blind musicians mentioned above ? and even views them as role models ? how does that blind person begin a career in music? How does a novice learn?"
Abstract This paper looks at why girls are attracted to gang life, the effects gang life has on their adulthood, and in particular, how gang life contributes to their disenfranchisement and eventually brings them into contact with adult criminal justice system. The likelihood that a girl would leave gang life is also discussed.
From the Paper "In 2001, ninety percent of America's largest cities reported youth gang problems, a figure that represents a fifty percent increase since 1983. Estimates put the number of gangs at 4,881, and the number of members at 249,324. Estimates of membership of girls in those gangs ranges from ten to thirty percent, (Laidler and Hunt, 2001) meaning anywhere from about 25,000 to 75,000 girls are involved in gangs. This number also means each of those cities has an average of 277 to 831 girls who are beyond ?at risk,? and have entered an arena of behavior"minor to major crime"that some experts believe is increasing faster in the youth population than in the adult population. (Esbensen and Winfree, 1998) More interesting, perhaps, is material presented by Miller and Brunson regarding the reporting of girl gang incidents. "Law enforcement data is widely known to underreport girls" gang involvement, in part because the data weights heavily toward older members and members involved in more serious crimes,? they report. (p. 425) Since girls are generally considered by parents and teachers to be more "mature" young than boys, what is the reason for female involvement in gangs, either girl gangs or as members (like the VFW auxiliary) of male gangs?"
Abstract This paper describes Plato's criticisms of democracy, from the role of the forms in his metaphysical reasons for his dislike of Athenian democracy, to the concept of role allocation, which stemmed from this and the division of society into 3 classes of peoples - artisans, auxiliaries and philosopher kings. Plato's understanding of what democracy meant to him is examined in order to establish the parameters for the paper. Many examples and quotes are used throughout, which come from such sources as the Declaration of Independence. Representative democracy is also discussed as well as an alternative to Athenian democracy. Oligarchy, timocracy and aristocracy are also touched upon.
From the Paper "The first of Plato's criticisms of democracy concerns itself with what is commonly referred to as the concept of role allocation. Plato advanced the idea that the best society would be one where the society was divided into three classes; workers (Artisans), soldiers (Auxiliaries) and rulers (Guardians). He based this argument upon his notion of human nature that stated that "no two of us are born exactly alike and that we have different natural aptitudes that fit us for different jobs" . He advocated that the guardians were the wisest and most logical individuals in society and so were able to make informed, objective decisions (based on the theory of the forms)."
Abstract This paper looks at fire codes in America and specifically at Chicago's fire code. The paper first outlines how recent events have sparked new pieces of legislation geared towards protecting the occupants of commercial high rises. The paper also explains the dangers inherent in high rises not having a sophisticated sprinkler system. In addition, the paper examines auxiliary legislation that aids property owners to keep up-to-date with the new requirements.
From the Paper "The building codes for commercial high rises finally appear to be catching up to the dangers that high rise fires present - both to the occupants and to the general public within the vicinity of these blazes. For instance, thanks in part to the relentless efforts of the National Fire Protection Association, there is a growing realization that having sprinklers installed in high rise facilities greatly reduces the likelihood of loss of life while diminishing the total loss of property. Further, ordinances and building sprinkler requirements in both the United States and Canada have led to a dramatic increase in the number of sprinklers sold throughout North America."
Abstract This paper discusses and compares the views on politics that are expressed in Plato's "Republic" and Aristotle's "Politics," favoring Aristotle's ideas over Plato's. The writer describes Plato's ideal city state, which has three classes, guardian, auxiliary, and the tradesmen, where the guardians are the ones whose opinions matter. No movement is allowed between classes and everyone's place is set so that competition does not exist. This does not take into consideration the opinions and wisdom of the individual. The writer explains that Aristotle, although a student of Plato with many similar ideas, argues that this conception of a state is not natural. A state should have a ruling class, but they must not exceed the middle class whose opinions do matter. The writer explains that since human beings are extremely competitive by nature, Aristotle's view on equilibrium and stability in government makes for a realistic state. The writer points out that Plato believed in the equality of women, which was not approved by Aristotle, and expresses the opinion that if Aristotle had combined a few more of Plato's ideas with his own, his state would have been the most factual and valid.
From the Paper "Plato's ideas in the Republic defer greatly from the ideas of Aristotle in his writings in Politics. The Republic is the first work that deserves to be called political science, in that it applies systematic reasoning and critical inquiry to political ideas and institutions (Ebenstein 2). Plato's main character in the Republic is his teacher, Socrates. Plato embodies ideas that Socrates had and also his own ideas of what government should be like. Many of the ideas of the Republic may be considered undemocratic, or out right antidemocratic, but this writing is the first glimpse into the basic fundaments of government."
Abstract The paper provides an overview of the hundreds of ways that Canadian women contributed to the war effort during the Second World War. The paper discusses the Canadian Women's Auxiliary Corps (CWAC), the Women's Division of the Royal Canadian Airforce (RCAF), the Women's Royal Canadian Naval Service, the Canadian Red Cross Corps and the nurses in the armed forces. The paper portrays the variety of jobs Canadian women did during the Second World War and contends that the Allies could not have won the war without their help.
From the Paper "When people think about the Second World War they think about the men who lost their lives in battle and the Jews and other minorities who died in the Holocaust. They think about the Germans, versus the Allies, Hitler and Churchill, and Guns, bombs and maybe even a naval battle. Rarely do thoughts of the Second World War bring to mind images of women. When people think about the Allied victory and the factors that allowed the Allies to win rarely are women remembered. Canadian women, living in a country not directly affected by the war are often forgotten. The Canadian women however did not just stay at home and wait for their men to come home. They too wanted to see an end to this war and they too helped with the war effort. There were many options available to Canadian women, and over a million women signed up to help in any way they could. These women made a significant difference not only to their own country but to other allied nations as well. The Allies could not have won the Second World War without the efforts of Canadian women."
