Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the medical practice known as autopsy. This paper looks at the conventional type of autopsy and compares it to the virtual autopsy (virtopsy), that is performed using CT scans and MRI. The writer discusses that while MRI is currently only in the investigative stages, it has the potential of replacing many autopsies in the next 10-15 years. The writer claims that this could be the case particularly in the field of forensics. The writer looks at the benefits of using MRI, offering the example that MRI could be especially useful in cultures and religions which forbid or do not readily accept conventional autopsies.
From the Paper "An autopsy is the postmortem examination of the body to determine the cause of death and is performed by a pathologist. The autopsy is performed by a government coroner or medical examiner in a case where death is believed to be the result of foul play. Coroners and medical examiners are known as forensic pathologists and the branch of medicine dealing with unnatural causes of death is known as forensic medicine. Autopsies are done to advance medical knowledge and to provide evidence in legal matters regarding unnatural deaths."
Abstract This paper discusses the use of radio-diagnostic imagery instead of the more standard form of autopsy in forensic medicine. The paper examines the pros and cons of using images provided by machinery such as MRIs instead of the information provided by the more invasive autopsy procedure. The paper discusses the accuracy of radio-diagnostic imagery compared with its less technologically advanced counterpart in determining causes of death. The author concludes that while radio-diagnostic imaging can be useful in forensic medicine, it can not yet replace traditional autopsy.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Negative Findings in the use of Radio-diagnostic Imaging in Forensic Medicine
Positive Findings in the use of Radio-diagnostic Imaging in Forensic Medicine
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "There has been an increase in the use of MRI in forensics in making a diagnosis when death involved either injury or disease. Stated to be one of the: "main criticisms of the use of MRI as an alternative to conventional autopsy is the lack of validation of this imaging technique." This is due to the mixed results that have been reported related to MRI post mortem examinations in the fields of neuropathology and paediatrics."
Tags: MRI, forensic, medicine, Post, Mortem, Magnetic, Resonance, Imaging
Abstract A synthesis essay on the rise of toxic protists due to the increase in dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from man-made pollution. Specific examples are used to illustrate this building environmental concern.
From the paper:
""In the Rivers and Coastal Waters of America an Ancient and Deadly Organism, Reawakened by Man-Made Pollution, May Become the Ultimate Biological Threat? (Barker, cover). In 1984, a small herd of cows in Montana collapsed and died in ten minutes after drinking from a pond coated with a pea green film. In 1987, three people died and more than 100 became ill after eating blue mussels from Prince Edward Island. In 1996, 149 manatees perished mysteriously off the coast of Florida. Autopsies of these endangered marine mammals revealed biological poisons in their brains and other tissues."
Abstract This paper covers the history of the epidemic of the bacterium that came to be known as the bubonic plague. It begins in 540 A.D., with the first record of its occurrence, and continues to show its from the Mediterranean throughout Europe and Asia. The plague's spread to England in the 1600s led to the first autopsies being conducted and began the search for a cause and cure to this disease. It has virtually been eliminated in our lifetime with only isolated cases occurring, although, there are now fears that it can be isolated and used as a bio-weapon by terrorists in today's world.
From the Paper "Despite of what is thought, the bubonic plague did not end in medieval times. It has kept killing people all the way until today. The next big outbreak after the one in 1665 was in China in 1894. It then spread west to Bombay, India, and in that the time it took to do that the disease killed millions of people. The next couple of decades after that outbreak, scientists were able to identify and classify the disease and its history. However it could at times be difficult for the scientists because symptoms of the bubonic plague often resembled those of other diseases common in the hot climate of the jungles in India."
Tags: black, bubonic, death, pestis, plague, yersinia, vaccination, cure, bacteria, microscopes, scientists, bio-terrorists, bacteria, europe, studies, bitten, flea, cell, immune, system, jungles, india, brazil, united, states, military, research
Abstract The paper discusses the assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy and examines the possibility of either the Mafia or the CIA to conspiring to kill President Kennedy. he author writes that the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald, discrepancies in the Warren Report, use of different firearms and ballistic information and key things missing in autopsy photographs all suggest a cover-up.
From the Paper " On November 22, 1963, the thirty-fifth President of the United States, John Fitzgerald Kennedy was assassinated. Seven days later on November 29, 1963, the newly sworn in President, Lyndon B. Johnson, formed a commission that would investigate the assassination. The Warren Commission, as it would later be known, was to evaluate all leads and facts surrounding both the assassination of the President and the assassination of his alleged assassin. After the investigation was complete, the information found was to be reported to the President. The Commission gave their findings to the President in the form of the Warren Report, as the chairman of the Commission was Earl Warren. President Johnson had appointed Warren, the former chief justice of the United States, to head up the Commission. The Commission was able to compile much of its information with the help of Federal agencies, the city of Dallas, and thousands upon thousands of testimonies from people associated with the case. The Commission concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin of President Kennedy and that Jack Ruby had killed Lee Harvey Oswald."
Abstract This paper describes three basic angles of the media's impact on adolescent self-perception. The paper illustrates the media's most positive portrayal of teenagers and its more customary negative angle. It provides real world examples of the state of adolescence in America. The paper explores how and why corporate America and the media affect the nation's children.
Table of Contents
I. Fear is in the TV: Media images of an adolescent world
II. Truth is in the Streets: The rest of the story
III. Autopsy Reports in the Profit Margins: What does Corporate America have to gain?
a. Media Stock in Violence
b. Drug Companies and the New Marketplace
c. Get Tough on Crime (it's easy on the approval ratings)
d. Selling Popularity
IV. I Don?t Want to Be Part of Your World: Self-definition and other underage options
a. Media Complications and Youth Reactions
b. Self-Definition and Viable Options
V. Summary
VI. Sources Used
From the Paper "I began work on this paper with every intention of sticking to traditional subjects. I planned to discuss media portrayal of women and beauty, the formation of high school "cool" through marketing and media pressure, and the legalities of advertising to teenagers. Along the way I expected to discuss such random issues as cartoon characters and smoking campaigns. However, once I actually started my research, an entirely different topic kept popping up over and over again: the negative media portrayal of teenagers and the wholesale selling of violence and mind-altering drugs.
"Multiple school shootings have passed in recent memory. Daily news reports continue to be filled with stories of adolescent murderers and children in adult prisons. The question then presented itself to my mind, how does all this negative media coverage affect the way teens view themselves, and the way in which they interact with the world? Are teens today really more violent, and if so, is that the fault of the entertainment media or some other cause? What is it like to be part of a subculture that takes the brunt of these media scandals? Is it all hype, and does the hype worsen the problem?
Increasingly my other research seemed to pale in comparison to these questions. One day when I was at the library, a boy walked by wearing a Marilyn Manson T-shirt that piqued my interest and made up my mind as to how I should approach this paper. It read: "Is adult entertainment killing our children, or is killing children entertaining our adults?" I set myself the task of answering that question, and further exploring how media messages on violence and group conformity might change the self-perception and self-identification of adolescents, with a focus on the events at Columbine.
There are three basic angles that I felt needed to be explored. First, I attempted to explain the media's most positive portrayal of teenagers and its more customary, negative angle. Then I contrasted these stereotypes with a few real-world truths about the state of adolescence in America. Finally, I tried to explore how and just as importantly, why, corporate America and the general media have affected our children."
Abstract This paper discusses the mysterious conditions surrounding Marilyn Monroe's death. The question of suicide vs. murder is discussed and different versions of the story are presented. The writer also describes the life she lead and the people she socialized with, while trying to connect these with the circumstances of her death.
From the Paper "At 4:25 a.m. on August 5, 1962, Sergeant Jack Clemmons of the West Los Angeles Police Department answered a phone call. According to some reports, the caller identified himself as Dr.Ralph Greenson. Greenson was Marilyn Monroe's personal psychiatrist and analyst. According to other reports, the caller identified himself as Dr. Hyman Engleberg, Monroe's internist. According to Donald H. Wolfe, in his book, The Last Days of Marilyn Monroe, the caller was Engelberg (4). Agitated to the point that Clemmons was unable at first to understand the message that the physician was trying to convey, when the caller finally calmed himself enough to convey his message, it was one that was immediately suspicious and remains today the subject of outrage. ?I am calling from the house of Marilyn Monroe,? he said. ?She is dead. She just committed suicide.? "
Abstract This paper is an examination and analysis of the facts presented by both the American and Canadian investigators regarding the crash of the Arrow Airs DC-8 in December 1985. The paper begins with a recap of the crash and the possible causes that were put forth by both countries which have held to their position that it was caused by ice on the wings of the plane. The author presents evidence that this crash was caused by an explosive device, planted by terrorists and goes into great detail as to the why this theory has been so carefully guarded by both governments. This paper raises several issues about the circumstances surrounding the crash including speculation that this was a deliberate act of terrorism and presents different reports about the events leading up to the plane's departure from Egypt. It also discusses the findings of aeronautical engineers who investigated the findings at the crash site and presents testimony from the government hearings held in both Canada and the United States.
From the Paper "The 101st division was one of four divisions that made up the Multinational Force and Observers. The purpose of MFO was to operate checkpoints and conduct reconnaissance patrols along the international boundary lines. Every six months the troops were rotated. This was a massive undertaking and involved the cooperation of the Egyptians to insure that the utmost security precautions were taken (Sandford pg). However, from the moment the troops from the 101st were to depart from the Sinai, a sequence of events occurred that were far from normal procedure. Ras Nasrani airport had always been used as the airport of departure for the troops. But at the last minute Army officials were notified that Ras Nastrani airport could not accommodate large planes due to construction being conducted on the main runway. Therefore, the troops were flown by Egypt Air Boeing 737s to the Cairo International Airport."
This paper discuss and support the theory of conspiracy,of the assassinate President John F. Kennedy: Warren Commission, Mark Lane, Jim Garrison, Zapruder film, eyewitness accounts, autopsy report.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, 1980, $ 87.95
From the Paper The purpose of this research is to discuss and support the theory of conspiracy, which must have existed in order to success-fully assassinate President John F. Kennedy in Dallas on November 22, 1963.
There are people in the United States who believe that there was not a conspiracy to assassinate President John F. Kennedy. Yet, those who do not believe in the conspiracy theory are clearly in a minority. As early as 1966, Gallup and Harris polls showed that 66 percent of the American people did not believe in the Warren Commission's conclusion that Lee Harvey Oswald was a lone assassin. Another poll, taken in 1975, found that four out of five Americans did not accept the Warren Commission's version of the assassination (Blumenthal and Yazijian, 1976, p.ix).
Counter arguments for those who choose to disbelieve in the consp
Abstract Throughout history, mankind has attempted to determine both the origin and purpose of human existence. Ancient cultures commonly devised richly complex theologies to rationalize inexplicable natural phenomenon. Various cultures generally ascribed to beliefs that man and nature were created and controlled by an assortment of malevolent deities. The field of modern psychology represents the culmination of centuries of cultural beliefs, investigation, and experimentation on the human brain. This paper examines history for significant cultural anomalies, people and events that have greatly influenced our understanding of human brain morphology and cognitive functions.
From the Paper "Western cultures commonly employed mythology and mysticism as the predominant reasoning for human creation, some extended their beliefs to include mankind as an extension of divinity. The concept of close association between man and the divine facilitated an elevated perception of hierarchy among natural life forms. This anthropomorphized view of life encouraged belief in pagan superstition, discouraging controversy and change. History also provides many examples of how mythology and mysticism encouraged development of ethno-centric and nationalistic divisions."
Tags:autopsy, brain, cognition, disease, neuroscience, research
This paper discusses elder abuse in nursing homes. Elderly abuse refers to any knowing, intentional, or negligent act by a caregiver or any other person that causes harm or a serious risk of harm to a vulnerable adult.
Abstract This paper reports that 30 percent of nursing home facilities are cited for instances of abuse, and the majority of all instances are never even reported. The author points out that, to prevent this abuse in nursing homes, communities must enhance facility security, improve background checks of staff, establish systems to monitor rates, places, and times of death, and expand death investigations and autopsies. The paper states that many states have long-term care ombudsmen, who have the primary responsibility of advocating for residents' rights and quality care, educating consumers and providers, resolving residents' complaints, and providing information to the public about abuse, but much more must be done.
From the Paper "Laws are also changing to support the patients and their families. In Florida, for example, the Supreme Court drew a clear distinction between medical and nursing home care by ruling that plaintiffs in cases alleging nursing home abuse and neglect can sue for wrongful death and negligence without meeting the state's requirements for filing a medical malpractice claim. The court noted that nursing homes employ a variety of workers and that the failures the plaintiff alleged "may have been caused by the nursing staff, by the nursing home in not having adequate staff, by the negligence of aides or other workers, or by a combination of the above.""
Abstract This paper explains that schizophrenia, a form of mental illness, was first identified about a century ago by Emil Krepelin, who called this condition "dementia praecox" because it occurred at a young age. The author points out that the Vulnerability Model suggests that schizophrenia is caused by a combination of interacting factors, including physical, psychological, and environmental events that work dysfunctionally to produce schizophrenia. The paper relates that research methods include autopsies of the brain, analysis of fetal development, studies of identical twins, and studies using brain imaging.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Causes
The Schizophrenic Brain
Conclusion
From the Paper "Given the devastating nature of schizophrenia, researchers have put considerable effort into trying to determine the cause or causes of schizophrenia. Is it caused by nature (genetics, head injury, etc.) or nurture ? how we are raised? This nature vs. nurture debate has gone on throughout part of the 19th century and virtually all of the 20th. Kraepelin, who first described the disorder, believed that it was organic in origin. However, with the advent of Freudian thought, belief swung to the idea that our childhoods determined whether we would have mental illnesses as an adult or not."
Abstract This paper examines how A. D. Hope's poem "On an Engraving of Casserius" meditates on the metaphysical questions of origins and ends at an autopsy of a pregnant woman by a Renaissance surgeon and engraver, a single figure for science and art. It looks at how, as the central metaphor for the search for truth before the dissociation between art and science set it, the woman and child validate the search for truth as "adding to being," a spiritual enhancement of truth seekers illustrated by the surgeon's engraved art and the poet's dream of unity as a symbolic dancer with words.
From the Paper "Few poems in any period render such a joint quest by physical science and artistic vision. And few critics -Darling and Andrew Taylor come first to mind-have devoted to "Engraving" the attention it warrants for its bold and ambitious achievement. Taylor sees "Engraving" as a nest of icons, all focusing on the harmony of science and art: the fetus, the mother, the surgeon, the engraving, the exploratory science of the era, and the poem itself, in which Hope's technical and historical erudition renders the search convincing (Taylor 91-92). In line with the critical vogue of the mid-eighties, however, Taylor tacks on to his review a display of shibboleths of postmodern and feminist critical theory (Jacques Derrida, Jacques Lacan, Julia Kristeva, and Barbara Johnson); the theoretical digression does little harm to anyone, and certainly not to Hope's remarkable poem."
Tags: knowledge, medicine, metaphor, science, truth
Abstract Civilizations throughout the years have dealt with disease and illness in numerous ways. This paper examines the ancient Egyptians and determines how they practiced medicine during their time and how it relates to modern medicine. The paper also examines the materials or tools involved in their medical practices, major medical discoveries and methods used by physicians to heal patients.
Introduction
Discoveries
Practises of Medicine
Physicians and Priests
Embalming and Autopsies Rituals
Magicians
Keeping Records
Important Documents
Understanding the Body
Medication and Treatments
Diseases
Holistic Treatments
Tools
Herbal Medicines
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Ancient physicians prescribed many remedies that are still in use today. Then, as now, honey and milk were used for the irritation of the throat and respiratory infections. The physicians also knew how to "use suppositories, herbal dressings and enemas and widely used castor oil (crystalinks.com/egyptmedicine.html)." Medications were used to treat Egyptians suffering from a parasite which attacked the urinary tract, and this parasite still plagues the Egyptians of today."
Abstract This paper explains that the history of forensic science can be traced as far back as when prehistoric man left behind evidence of fingerprints in early paintings and rock carvings and to the 700s A.D. when the Chinese began using fingerprints to establish the identity of documents and clay sculpture but without any formal classification system. The author points out that a German immunologist Paul Uhlenhuth is believed to have performed the first autopsy in 1901. The paper concludes that forensic science is an important development because it has helped to solve so many crimes which would otherwise have remained a mystery, and has made important strides in solving cases from the past, which have been left open.
From the Paper "By the nineteenth century, advances in forensic medicine, as it was first called, became much more frequent. Around 1800, Thomas Bewick, an English naturalist, identified the books he published by using engravings of his own fingerprints. In 1810, Eugene Francois Vidoq made a deal with police to establish the first detective force (oddly enough, this deal was made in return for a suspension of arrest and a jail sentence). Also, in 1810, the first recorded use of question document analysis was performed in Germany."
