Abstract
Automated external defibrillators (AED's) are essential tools in health care and emergency services. It is a portable automatic device used to re-establish regular heart rhythm to patients in the event of cardiac arrest. This paper examines how their use has become popular and how, though they have been proven to have potential in saving lives, there are still important issues regarding their use and education that have to be addressed. It attempts to show how the success of AEDs in the health industry depends on the effectivity of awareness and educational programs.

Outline:
Introduction
Automated External Defibrillator Use
Issues Regarding Automated External Defibrillator
Conclusion

From the Paper
"AED's are small computing devices, electrodes, and electrical circuitry. The electrodes collect information about the heart's rhythm. There are specific AED's designed for children, which deliver milder shocks, and for adults. When the heart is exhibiting ventricular fibrillation, the computer prompts for the delivery of a defibrillating shock to the heart through the victims' chest wall (Liddle et al, 2003). Ventricular fibrillation is detected and electric shock delivered through the AED's electrodes imbedded in adhesive pads which are placed on the victim's body. A critical element in the successful use of AED is the placement of the electrode pads because they are the tools for detecting heart activity as well as the channels for the actual defibrillation (Beckers et al, 2005). "

Tags:arrest, automated, cardiac, resuscitation, ventricular

Abstract
This paper first explains that automated external defibrillators (AED) are small portable devices now being used in many places other than hospitals that automatically assesses the heart rhythm of a person and determines if it can be treated with an electric shock to restore the heart to normal rhythm. Next, the author relates that AEDs should be included in the category of mandatory devices required both at schools and school sponsored sporting events because sudden cardiac arrest can occur in perfectly normal people of all ages including children and adolescents especially while playing contact sports. The paper reviews laws in other states and suggests how to go about modifying the South Carolina law requiring AEDs to also be mandatory at school sponsored sporting events.

From the Paper
"AEDs are required in schools in South Carolina, but not necessarily at the actual site of a sporting event. Not all school athletic fields are conveniently located near the school and some larger events such as a state championship event may be located off campus elsewhere. The current law is helpful, but not specific enough. The American Heart Association recommends defibrillation within 3-5 minutes for emergency response outside the hospital. Results show that there is a 74 percent survival rate for victims defibrillated within three minutes. The national average response time for EMS is 10-12 minutes. A victim's survival decreases by 10 percent with every passing minute without treatment."

Tags:time, survival, legislature, grant, liable

Abstract
The paper explains the concept of securities trading that can work with a combination of high-speed computer processing with complex mathematical algorithms. The paper outlines the evolution of automation and discusses the benefits and risks associated with automated trading processes. The paper considers the implications for the future and concludes that ultimately, these systems have the potential to further revolutionize the financial investment industries far beyond their present-day capabilities.

Outline:
The Mathematical Basis of Securities Trading
The Evolution of Automation
Benefits Associated with Automated Trading Processes
Risks Associated with Automated Trading Processes
Implications for the Future

From the Paper
"In principle, the concept of securities trading is readily reducible to mathematical relationships capable of predicting future stock performance on the basis of previous trends in the market (Skypala, 2006). However, myriad factors that do not immediately appear relevant to the stock market also have great potential to influence the market. This has always been true, (as illustrated very simply by the relationship between wars or other serious global occurrences during peacetime throughout the 20th century), but since the computer age and the 24-hour news cycle, events external to the market play a much larger role than before (Duhigg, 2006)."

Tags:stocks, exchange, performance, black, box, algorithms

Abstract
The paper describes the components of the automated library system as well as their possible configurations. The paper points out that the key personnel involved in determining the nitty-gritty requirements of the automation are the school librarians and the library staff. The paper points out that the library media specialist must be able to guide the user on doing a proper meta search, and therefore he/she must continually study and train to meet the growing demands of emerging information technologies.

From the Paper
"Like any endeavour dealing with the utilization of information technology, the development and implementation of the automated library system will require the basic components of information systems. These components include the hardware comprising the computers (i.e. mainframe, client-server, PCs) and peripherals thereof. The software components include the operating systems running the computers and the various applications program automating the business processes of the library system. Without communications and connectivity, the sending and receiving of data and information will not be possible; thus, network facilities are established too in order to enable data transfer. The key component of library automated system is the data stored in the system. These can be books, periodicals, journals and other like matters in digital format. Without this type of data, the system is any generic information system and not an automated library system. People, whether the users or the business process owners of the library system, are key components too because these are the ones that will be using the system and the library media specialists providing the service.
"Deployment of an automated system no matter how rapid or expedited it is entails cost. In the case of school libraries, decision-makers must choose the right fit for the school library systems and the right fit usually is dependent on the available budget allocated. The main focus on deploying an automated system for a school library is to look at the available options and designs before finally deciding on what is best given the budget and the situation."

Tags:configurations, applications, hardware

Abstract
This paper describes the privacy issues inherent in online banking, as well as practices in live banking. The paper describes the problems of online privacy and explains how certain practices, such as fingerprinting, have cut both bank fraud and more serious crimes. The author contends that because there are inherent risks to customer privacy, it is essential that there be a single standard for bank security and reporting to federal agencies.

From the Paper
"So indeed, why should bankers be turned into federal snoops? The proposal is supposed to attack money-laundering techniques employed by drug traffickers and other criminals who hide illegal profits. Such methods include wire transfers, bank drafts and "smurfing," the practice of cutting transactions into lesser amounts that don't have to be reported as suspicious under the $10,000 bank-reporting laws established under President Reagan. (Maier, 1999)"

Tags:federal, banking, internet, online, privacy

Abstract
The paper examines how the Department of Defense has started work on a biological agent detection and identification program as part of efforts to develop a national early warning system for urban areas pertaining to biological warfare. It also describes the Biological Defense Homeland Security Support Program to achieve early detection and characterization of a biological-related incident in an urban area in order to reduce casualties, minimize disruption to infrastructures and support consequence management efforts. It looks at how the Postal Service has also set into motion work toward the development of bio-terrorism identification equipment due to anthrax scares and the work of biotechnology companies in the development of pulmonary drug delivery in order to combat air-borne bio-terrorist threats .

From the Paper
"Another developer of bio-terrorism identification equipment is NanoVia, LP, an innovative leader in the development of next generation high-speed microvia drilling technology. The company recently announced that it intends to further develop its patented drilling process for pulmonary drug delivery in order to combat air-borne bio-terrorist threats (prweb.com). While currently applicable for conditions such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, fast-moving allergic reactions, seizures and cardiovascular conditions, NanoVia, LP believes that inhaled physical threats, such as Anthrax, can also be combated with this technology (prweb.com)."

Tags:department, of, defense, casualties, anthrax, combat, air-borne, bio-terrorist, threats

Abstract
This report consisted of a review on automation and its effects on medication errors. The problem and other key terms were defined and its importance and scope was then discussed. The literature was then reviewed and it consisted of studies on the efficacy of information technologies generally as well as of studies pertaining to one specific type of technology-- the computerized physician, the prescription filling robot, etc. Offers conclusions and recommendations.

From the Paper
" The National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention defines a medication error as follows: A medication error is any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient or consumer. Such events may be related to professional practice health care products, procedures and systems including prescribing order communication product..."

Tags:automation, medication errors

From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the impact which Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) has had on criminal investigations. AFIS is a computer system for matching fingerprints taken at the scene of a crime with fingerprints which are on file in a computerized database. This is a much faster and more accurate method of fingerprint matching than the former method of searching manually through catalogued sets of prints. Furthermore, the AFIS can search through a far greater number of fingerprints than was ever possible in the past, which is extremely helpful in criminal investigations. This paper will show that Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems represent one of the most important breakthroughs in law enforcement technology in recent times.
The use of fingerprints to identify criminals was pioneered..."

From the Paper
The lodging industry is being compelled by changing market conditions to develop new strategies and initiatives to attract guests (Airport, 1994, p. 43). The driving force behind many of the new initiatives and strategies is consumer demand for improved services, while the vehicle through which such initiatives and strategies are implemented is technological innovation. One such innovation involves the automation through the application of information technology of hotel check-in and check-out services. Check-in and check-out services are components of hotel property management systems. This research examines the development and implementation of automated hotel check-in and ..."

From the Paper
"The automated teller machine (ATM) has become an integral part of banking throughout the world. Originally perceived as "cash machines" which would dispense cash to depositors, today's ATMs can accept deposits, sell postage stamps, print statements, and be used at institutions where the depositor does not have an account. Due to recent legislation, in fact, it is no longer necessary for ATMs to be affiliated with any financial institution, and many are now privately owned. This research examines the history of the ATM, considers the reasons behind its widespread use, and evaluates the future of the ATM and related banking services."