Abstract
This paper explains that school leaders, from elementary school through college, need to develop and use public relations skills in order to sooth parents, assert authority and reduce tensions at times of crisis and during the normal course of administration. The author points out that school leaders must be familiar with grief counseling methods not only because of a community-wide crisis but also to assist when the student or the student's family faces a crisis. The paper concludes that the school leader achieves better public relations simply by visibly addressing problems as they develop, with a successful outcome being the best public relations of all.

From the Paper
"Graseck (2005) sees a need for administrators to take a more nurturing role, bringing the community into the process, and so serving the role of public relations on an ongoing basis rather than waiting for a crisis to begin the process. Graseck finds that administrators too often fail to see this need until there is a crisis and so lose touch with the community but that administrators even tned to lose touch with their own teachers. School administrators too often see their own survival as the paramount task rather than the improvement of the school."

Tags:violence, nurturing role, authority precautions, grief counseling

Abstract
This paper explains that the U.S. Congress passed the Motor Carrier Safety Improvement Act or MCSIA in 2002, which requires all states to meet federal standards that include "uniform testing and licensing" of any agents transporting students in a commercial vehicle, which is included under the category of HAZMAT. The author stress that it is vital that any employee working with hazardous materials understand the dangers involved and safety precautions necessary to protect their health and well-being and that of their employer. The paper relates that HAZMAT training is essential for employees who operate a motor vehicle that transports HAZMAT, load or unload HAZMAT from a vehicle, test packages used to transport HAZMAT materials, repair HAZMAT vehicles and anyone responsible for the safety of HAZMAT while in transit.

Table of Contents
School Transportation
Hazard Classes for Hazardous Materials
HAZMAT Training Requirements

From the Paper
"Employers have an obligation to label all hazardous materials within the workplace using special coding systems so employees are aware of hazards they may work with. In addition materials safety data sheets should be available for employees to review in a public location within the company. These sheets contain information regarding a substances hazard class and steps an employee or organization should take if any person is exposed to the hazardous substance in question. Also provided is detailed information regarding the handling and care of hazardous materials."

Tags:students, commercial-vehicle, precautions, training, handling

Abstract
This paper introduces the Zoll model Automatic Electrical Defibrillator as "a machine used by this office that is designed to shock and provide electricity to the heart to stop the heart from beating in two bad rhythms called ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia." The author asks the question, "How do you know that someone should be shocked using this equipment? Check for responsiveness". The paper presents a FAQ:"When shocked, what happens? Slight jerk of the body, muscle contraction of the chest."

Table of Contents
Instructions
Voice Prompts
Maintenance
Precautions
FAQ

From the Paper
"REMEMBER! The AED will only shock someone that the electrodes sense have one of the irregular rhythms the machine can restore. If a shock is not indicated, the machine will instruct you in performing CPR on the patient. It will not do anything harmful to someone not in one of the two rhythms described above." (Printed in red.)

Tags:faq, precautions, maintenance, red, machine

Abstract
This is an examination of possible human error at work and the consequences. The author discusses various safety precautions such as safety procedures and training for personnel and the possible accidents that can occur if these are to be ignored.

From the Paper
"Human error is something that affects many workers in the industrial world but with the correct safety procedures and precautions at the workplace it can be decreased. To begin discussion of human error it must be understood that a variety of contributors can be classified as human error. As described by Fred Manuele some of these factors are a system in which there is unnecessary danger or difficulty, inadequate facilities or information to the operator, and increased performance beyond what the operator can handle (153). Human error can be defined as the failure of planned actions to achieve their desired ends, without the intervention of some unforeseeable event (Kantowitz 30)."

Tags:island, mile, occupational, hazards, accident, precaution, risk, union

Abstract
This paper asks whether the progress of the industrial revolution came at a cost. The paper begins with an overview of the positive benefits of industrialization on American society. Then the paper turns to the negative fall-out. The author discusses: (1) the false notion that leisure time would increase as a result of industrialization; (2) the growing disparity between rich and poor; (3) the loss of personal fulfillment that workers had in their profession; (4) the urbanization of America; (5) an increase in materialism; and (6) the danger posed to workers by a lack of safety precautions in factories.

Table of Contents
The Fallacy of Leisure Time
Wealth and Poverty
The Loss of Pride
Urban Conditions
Industrialization and Education
Materialism
Safety Hazards

From the Paper
"Thomas Jefferson foresaw some of the problems that could occur with an industrial society. In the early history of the United States and before industrialization had really begun, he believed that the new nation should avoid the path of industrialization because of what he said were its inherent evils. Jefferson thought that that manufacturing had a corrupting influence on society, that it created urban centers full of vice and awful living conditions. The urban class of factory worker that it would create he described as "debased by ignorance, indigence, and oppresion" (Dudley 25). Jefferson concluded that the "only way for the American society to survive in its republican form was to populate it with self-sufficient farmers who owned their own property and thus were subservient to no one" (Dudley 25). While there is no way Jefferson could have foresaw the exact impact the industrial revolution would have, positive and negative, many of his predictions would come eerily close to being fulfilled. Almost one hundred years later, W. D. Dabney, a nineteenth-century economist, argued much the same thing with one important exception, the industrial revolution was well underway. Dabney, in hindsight, stated that "before industrialization, most people lived on farms or in small communities and were largely self-sufficient in providing for their basic needs and wants through their own labor and capital - a situation which he asserts was conducive to stability, economic equality, and social contentment" (Dudley 178) One thing is certain, industrialization brought massive change. A new civilization was created, one based on the machine."

Tags:leisure, time, rich, poor, assembly, line, machine, factories, safety, urbanization

Abstract
This paper explains that, as long as the camper takes a few precautions, the Tahoe Rim Trail is an excellent location for experiencing wilderness camping and having a wonderful camping adventure. The author points out that, for most of the trail's route, there are no established campgrounds; therefore, campers must follow the U.S Forest Service's (USFS) guidelines for "dispersed camping" along the trail, which means campers can choose a campsite anywhere along the trail, but the site must be within 300 feet on either side of the trail and should not be within 200 feet of a water source. The paper gives instructions for avoiding bear activity along the Trail and watching out for rattlesnakes.

From the Paper
"Clearly, wilderness camping such as that along the Tahoe Rim Trail depends on successful planning before the hike. If campers are planning to hike the entire trail, they will need to plan on carrying enough food and water for the entire trip, which can run into quite a bit of supplies. They can replenish water in some of campgrounds along the way, and there are some water sources along the trail. If water from these sources is used, campers should carry a portable water purification system. Campers should never drink unfiltered or purified water from natural sources. Food will be a major part of the planning effort, and a major portion of the weight carried on the trip."

Tags:extreme-lightweight, plan, food, water, bears

Abstract
This paper explains that smart materials are devices, which can sense various stimuli from outer environment such as thermal, electrical and magnetic changes and can respond accordingly; basically, they are materials that sense and respond like living things. The author points out that two families of passive seismic control devices exploiting the peculiar properties of SMA kernel components have been implemented and tested within the MANSIDE project (Memory Alloys for New Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation Devices: Special braces for framed structures and isolation devices for buildings and bridges. The paper states that, with these smart materials, engineers are able to build the best and safest structures where possible catastrophic changes in the environment are sensed and precautions are taken directly. 10 figures.

Table of Contents
Introduction
What is a Smart Material?
Types of Smart Materials
Classification Based on Input
Electrical Fields
Thermal Fields
Magnetic Fields
Comparison Based on Output
Strain
Changes in Other Properties
Applications
In Civil Engineering
Uses of Shape Memory Alloys
Smart Concrete
In Other Areas
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The first experimental demonstration of the piezoelectric properties in relation to crystal structure was published in 1880 by Pierre and Jacques Curie. This effect was considered quite important and was referred to as "piezoelectricity" in order to distinguish it from other areas of scientific phenomenological experience such as "pyroelectricity" (electricity generated from crystals by heating). As an aside, piezoelectrics also tend to be pyroelectrics. The Curie brothers did not predict that crystals exhibiting the direct piezoelectric effect (electricity from applied stress) would also exhibit the converse piezoelectric effect (stress in response to applied electric field). This property was mathematically deduced and hypothesized by Lippmann in 1881. The Curies then confirmed the existence of the converse effect, and continued on to obtain quantitative proof of the complete reversibility of mechanical deformations in piezoelectric crystals."

Tags:alloys, concrete, electrorheological, magnetostrictive, strain

Abstract
This paper is an in-depth look at the Galveston hurricane, the path it followed, the conditions and characteristics of the storm. The author discusses the loss of life and damage caused by the hurricane, as well as the cleanup efforts by the city and future precautions taken after the devastation in Texas.

From the Paper
"On August 27th, 1900, meteorologists began to notice a small storm developing in the equatorial mid-Atlantic. Still getting organized, it drifted westward through the Greater Antilles with moderate winds and torrential rains. In Jamaica, miles of roadway, railroad tracks, and sidewalk were washed into the ocean. Cuba was submerged in over two feet of rainwater, and much of southern Florida faced the wrath of the hurricane, as well. As it crossed over the tepid waters of the Gulf of Mexico, the storm gained strength, eventually making its way to the shores of Galveston, Texas."

Tags:disaster, gulf, storm, surge, texas, tropical, miles, hour

Abstract
This seven-page paper presents a detailed persuasive argument that concludes the Internet, while an informative and exciting research tool can also pose a danger to children. The author takes us on a look at some o the dangers posed as well as some of the precautions that can be taken to minimize those dangers.

Abstract
This paper explains that it is next to impossible to avoid sources of natural radiation in our everyday life, but precautions can be taken to maintain distance from local sources of radiation and to use distance, time, and radiation-shielding as protection. The author points out that radiation is not responsible for the assumed mechanism of carcinogenesis caused by the exposure to magnetic fields. The paper relates that the nuclear industry and many other sources of radioactivity are used in an enormous range of industrial processes, such as industrial radiography, thickness gauges, smoke alarms, and medical diagnosis and treatment.

Table of Contents
Types and Sources of Ionising Radiation
The Effect of Radiation on the Body
Detecting Radiation
Regulating Body Standards and the Workplace
Ionizing Radiation
Contamination
Stochastic Effects
Deterministic Effects
Monitoring Radiation Exposure
Radiation Accidents
Types of Radiation Accident
The Food Industry Uses Radiation

From the Paper
"Ionising radiation does not accumulate in our body, but science proves that the radiation effects are evident from exposure to large amounts of radiation, as in sunburns from too much exposure to strong sunlight. Radiation carries energy that has a damaging effect on the living cells of living things and can either kill them or change their structure and function to inhibit correct functioning but this would take large doses to kill a good number of cells to cause death. Radiation dose would have to be several thousand times bigger than the dose received annually from the environment to cause death. Death would occur if the person were exposed more over a year. For example, exposure to sunlight over a year gives one a suntan, but one-day exposure of sunbaking could cause death by sunstroke."

Tags:radon, microsieverts, ionising, radiography, nucelar